We introduce the first catchment dataset for large sample studies in Chile. This dataset includes 516 catchments; it covers particularly wide latitude (17.8 to 55.0.sup.â S) and elevation (0 to ...6993 m a.s.l.) ranges, and it relies on multiple data sources (including ground data, remote-sensed products and reanalyses) to characterise the hydroclimatic conditions and landscape of a region where in situ measurements are scarce. For each catchment, the dataset provides boundaries, daily streamflow records and basin-averaged daily time series of precipitation (from one national and three global datasets), maximum, minimum and mean temperatures, potential evapotranspiration (PET; from two datasets), and snow water equivalent. We calculated hydro-climatological indices using these time series, and leveraged diverse data sources to extract topographic, geological and land cover features. Relying on publicly available reservoirs and water rights data for the country, we estimated the degree of anthropic intervention within the catchments. To facilitate the use of this dataset and promote common standards in large sample studies, we computed most catchment attributes introduced by Addor et al. (2017) in their Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS) dataset, and added several others.
Characterization and electrochemical evaluation of novel metal-free electrocatalysts obtained by solar pyrolysis is reported. Carbon-based electrocatalysts were prepared from agave bagasse waste, ...using a sustainable process based on concentrated solar energy as heat source. Agave was processed in a spherical borosilicate glass solar reactor using a heating rate of 30 °C min−1 to a target of 500, 700, or 900 °C, and maintaining temperature for 1 h under inert atmosphere. The structure and composition of the prepared electrocatalysts were influenced by pyrolysis temperature. In addition, electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.1 M KOH solution was explored. The electrocatalyst obtained at 500 °C showed the highest activity among all pyrolyzed samples due to its moderate surface area, but mostly due to its higher oxygen content. The metal-free electrocatalysts reported in this work are promising eco-friendly alternative as cathode materials for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells. This study provides a sustainable approach to use agricultural biomass waste to produce valuable materials for electrochemical energy devices.
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•Sustainable approach to produce alternative cathodic material for AEMFC.•Biomass-derived electrocatalysts were prepared by solar pyrolysis.•Agave bagasse is a good raw material for metal-free electrocatalysts synthesis.•Electrocatalyst synthesized at 500 °C showed the highest activity.
FeS2 nanarods by hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic activity. Display omitted
•Synthesis of pyrite FeS2 nanorods by simple hydrothermal method.•The material obtained was highly crystalline, ...phase pure and stoichiometric.•FeS2 nanorods demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity.
In this work, FeS2 nanorods were synthetized by hydrothermal method. The advantages of our process were the high yield, simplicity and reproducibility. The material was studied in detail using different experimental tools such as XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDXS, XPS, Raman, and UV–vis reflectance. XRD pattern and Raman data revealed good crystalline quality for the as synthesized pyrite FeS2. SEM analysis displayed the rod-like morphologies of FeS2 which seemed to grow radially from a center giving a flower-like appearance. From TEM images the approximate length and diameter of nano-rods were determined as 275 and 15nm respectively. The material showed excellent photocatalytic activity which was assessed from the degradation of the methlyene blue.
Abstract
Background
Candidaemia is a leading cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients all over the world. It remains associated with high mortality.
Objectives
To assess the impact of ...implementing an evidence-based package of measures (bundle) on the quality of care and outcomes of candidaemia.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify measures related to better outcomes in candidaemia. Eight quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) were identified and a set of written recommendations (early treatment, echinocandins in septic shock, source control, follow-up blood culture, ophthalmoscopy, echocardiography, de-escalation, length of treatment) was prospectively implemented. The study was performed in 11 tertiary hospitals in Spain. A quasi-experimental design before and during bundle implementation (September 2016 to February 2018) was used. For the pre-intervention period, data from the prospective national surveillance were used (May 2010 to April 2011).
Results
A total of 385 and 263 episodes were included in the pre-intervention and intervention groups, respectively. Adherence to all QCIs improved in the intervention group. The intervention group had a decrease in early (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23–0.89; P = 0.022) and overall (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.4–0.94; P = 0.023) mortality after controlling for potential confounders.
Conclusions
Implementing a structured, evidence-based intervention bundle significantly improved patient care and early and overall mortality in patients with candidaemia. Institutions should embrace this objective strategy and use the bundle as a means to measure high-quality medical care of patients.
The modelling community has identified challenges for the integration and assessment of lake models due to the diversity of modelling approaches and lakes. In this study, we develop and assess a ...one-dimensional lake model and apply it to 32 lakes from a global observatory network. The data set included lakes over broad ranges in latitude, climatic zones, size, residence time, mixing regime and trophic level. Model performance was evaluated using several error assessment metrics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted for nine parameters that governed the surface heat exchange and mixing efficiency. There was low correlation between input data uncertainty and model performance and predictions of temperature were less sensitive to model parameters than prediction of thermocline depth and Schmidt stability. The study provides guidance to where the general model approach and associated assumptions work, and cases where adjustments to model parameterisations and/or structure are required.
•The General Lake Model (GLM) is stress tested against 32 globally distributed lakes.•There was low correlation between input data uncertainty and model performance.•Model performance related to lake-morphometry, light extinction and flow regime; deep, clear lakes had the lowest model error.•Predictions of temperature were less sensitive to model parameters than thermocline depth and Schmidt stability.
The epigenetic complex Trithorax (TrxG) regulates gene transcription through post-translational histone modifications and is involved in a wide range of developmental processes. ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) ...is a SAND domain plant-exclusive TrxG protein that regulates the H3K4me3 active mark to counteract PcG repression. ULT1 has been identified to be involved in multiple tissue-specific processes. In the Arabidopsis root, ULT1 is required to maintain the stem cell niche, a role that is independent of the histone methyltransferase ATX1. Here we show the contribution of ULT2 in the maintenance of root stem cell niche. We also analyzed the gene expression in the ult1, ult2, and ult1ult2 mutants, evidencing three ways in which ULT1 and ULT2 regulate gene expression, one of them, where ULT1 or ULT2 regulate specific genes each, another where ULT1 and ULT2 act redundantly, as well as a regulation that requires of ULT1 and ULT2 together, supporting a coregulation, never reported. Furthermore, we also evidenced the participation of ULT1 in transcriptional repression synergically with CLF, a key histone methyltransferase of PcG.
•In roots, ULT1 and ULT2 regulate genes together, supporting a coregulationthat could be by the formation of dimers between ULT1 and ULT2.•ULT1 participates in transcriptional repression synergistically with CLF, a key HMT of PcG.•Unlike ULT1, ULT2 is less involved in maintaining the root stem cell niche.
A core challenge in ecology is identifying the factors that determine species distribution and functional diversity of species assemblages. Reef fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, form ...taxonomically rich and functionally diverse communities and represent a key source of food for humans. We examine regional distribution patterns of reef fish species richness and functional diversity and investigate how these are determined by historical, biogeographic, energetic, and anthropogenic factors. We compiled data from 3,312 underwater visual censuses performed at 122 locations comprising rocky and coral reefs along the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs) implemented in a Bayesian framework to investigate whether distance from quaternary refugia, distance from mainland, shelf area, primary productivity, sea surface temperature (SST), human population gravity, and conservation status influence reef fish species richness and functional diversity in the ETP. Species richness and functional richness (FRic) peaked towards the center of the ETP and our null model suggests that FRic followed a spatial pattern that would be predicted by species richness. Additionally, functional evenness (FEve) was highest at higher latitudes whereas functional dispersion (FDis) was homogeneous throughout the ETP. Species richness was negatively influenced by shelf area and distance from mainland, but positively influenced by SST and conservation status. FEve was influenced by human population gravity and FDis by shelf area. Reef fish species richness and functional diversity in the ETP exhibited a strong division within the region mainly mediated by SST and human population gravity. Our results also suggest that dominant species within small shelf areas share more common traits than dominant species in large areas. This study uncovers previously unknown regional patterns of reef fish functional diversity and provides new insights into how historical, biogeographic, energetic, and anthropogenic factors influence complementary biodiversity facets.
The Trithorax Group (TrxG) is a highly conserved multiprotein activation complex, initially defined by its antagonistic activity with the PcG repressor complex. TrxG regulates transcriptional ...activation by the deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks. According to the function and evolutionary origin, several proteins have been defined as TrxG in plants; nevertheless, little is known about their interactions and if they can form TrxG complexes. Recent evidence suggests the existence of new TrxG components as well as new interactions of some TrxG complexes that may be acting in specific tissues in plants. In this review, we bring together the latest research on the topic, exploring the interactions and roles of TrxG proteins at different developmental stages, required for the fine-tuned transcriptional activation of genes at the right time and place. Shedding light on the molecular mechanism by which TrxG is recruited and regulates transcription.
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