Wahl, P, Sanno, M, Ellenberg, K, Frick, H, Böhm, E, Haiduck, B, Goldmann, J-P, Achtzehn, S, Brüggemann, G-P, Mester, J, and Bloch, W. Aqua cycling does not affect recovery of performance, damage ...markers, and sensation of pain. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 162-170, 2017-To examine the effects of aqua cycling (AC) vs. passive recovery (P) on performance, markers of muscle damage, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and the persons perceived physical state (PEPS) after 300 countermovement jumps (CMJs). Twenty male participants completed 300 CMJs. Afterward, they were randomly assigned to either the P group or the AC group, the latter performing 30 minutes of AC. Before, directly after the 300 CMJs, after the recovery session, and up to 72 hours post, performance of leg extensor muscles, damage markers, the PEPS, and DOMS were measured. Jumping height during 300 CMJs significantly decreased in both groups (AC: 13.4% and P: 14.6%). Maximal isometric strength (AC: 21% and P: 22%) and dynamic fatigue test (AC: 35% and P: 39%) of leg extensor muscles showed significant decreases in both groups. Myoglobin, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased over time in both groups. Each of the 4 dimensions of the PEPS and DOMS showed significant changes over time. However, no significant differences between both groups were found for any of the parameters. Coaches and athletes should be aware that vertical jumping-induced fatigue decreases the ability to generate maximal isometric and submaximal dynamic force for more than 3 days after training. A single 30-minute session of AC was not able to attenuate the effects on muscular performance, markers of muscle damage, DOMS, or the PEPS compared with passive rest.
Background: Uncontrolled studies using laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery have not demonstrated clear advantages to these procedures compared with conventional ones, and surgeons are ...concerned about unusual early recurrences reported after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.
Study Design: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial in one surgical department comparing laparoscopic (LAP) and conventional (CON) techniques in 109 patients undergoing bowel resection for colorectal cancers or polyps. Postoperatively, all patients underwent measurement of pulmonary function tests every 12 hours, and were treated identically on a highly controlled protocol with regard to analgesic administration, feeding, and postoperative care.
Results: Of the 55 patients assigned to LAP and 54 to the CON group, there were 42 and 38 with cancer, respectively (the other patients had large adenomas). Overall recovery of 80% of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity was a median of 3 days for LAP and 6.0 days for CON (p = 0.01). LAP patients used significantly less morphine than CON patients up to the second day after surgery (0.78 ± 0.32 versus 0.92 ± 0.34 mg/kg per day, p = 0.02). Flatus returned a median of 3.0 days after LAP versus 4.0 days after CON surgery (p = 0.006). Tumor margins were clear in all patients. After a median followup of 1.5 years (LAP) and 1.7 years (CON), there were no port site recurrences in the LAP group. Seven cancer-related deaths have occurred (three in the LAP group, four in the CON group).
Conclusions: Within this prospective, randomized trial, laparoscopic techniques were as safe as conventional surgical techniques and offered a faster recovery of pulmonary and gastrointestinal function compared with conventional surgery for selected patients undergoing large bowel resection for cancer or polyps. There were no apparent shortterm oncologic disadvantages. Longer followup is needed to fully assess oncologic outcomes.
