OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin influences insulin sensitivity (Ssubscript I) and fat oxidation. Little is known about changes in adiponectin with changes in the fat content of eucaloric diets. We ...hypothesized that dietary fat content may influence adiponectin according to an individual's Ssubscript I. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We measured changes in adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and leptin in response to high-fat (HF) and low-fat (LF) eucaloric diets in lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 11) subjects. Obese subjects were further subdivided in relation to a priori Ssubscript I. RESULTS: We found significantly higher insulin, glucose, and leptin and lower adiponectin in obese vs. lean subjects during both HF and LF. The mean group values of these measurements, including adiponectin (lean, HF 21.9 ± 9.8; LF, 20.8 ± 6.6; obese, HF 10.0 ± 3.3; LF, 9.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL; mean ± SD), did not significantly change between HF and LF diets. However, within the obese group, the insulin-sensitive subjects had significantly higher adiponectin during HF than did the insulin-resistant subjects. Additionally, the change in adiponectin from LF to HF diet correlated positively with the obese subjects' baseline Ssubscript I. DISCUSSION: Although in lean and obese women, group mean values for adiponectin did not change significantly with a change in fat content of a eucaloric diet, a priori measured Ssubscript I in obese subjects predicted an increase in adiponectin during the HF diet; this may be a mechanism that preserves Ssubscript I in an already obese group.
Abstract This paper presents the development of an energy harvesting circuit for use with a head-mountable deep brain stimulation (DBS) device. It consists of a circular planar inverted-F antenna ...(PIFA) and a Schottky diode-based Cockcroft-Walton 4-voltage rectifier. The PIFA has the volume of π × 102 × 1.5 mm3 , resonance frequency of 915 MHz, and bandwidth of 16 MHz (909–925 MHz) at a return loss of −10 dB. The rectifier offers maximum efficiency of 78% for the input power of −5 dBm at a 5 kΩ load resistance. The developed rectenna operates efficiently at 915 MHz for the input power within −15 dBm to +5 dBm. For operating a DBS device, the DC voltage of 2 V is recorded from the rectenna terminal at a distance of 55 cm away from a 26.77 dBm transmitter in free space. An in-vitro test of the DBS device is presented.
This study describes the population of HIV-infected adults receiving care in rural areas of the United States and compares HIV care received in rural and urban areas.
Interviews were conducted with a ...nationally representative sample of 367 HIV-infected adults receiving health care in rural areas and 2806 HIV-infected adults receiving health care in urban areas of the contiguous United States.
We estimate that 4800 HIV-infected persons received medical care in rural areas during the first half of 1996. Patients in rural HIV care were more likely than patients in urban HIV care to receive care from providers seeing few (<10) HIV-infected patients (38% vs. 3%; p <.001). Rural care patients were less likely than urban care patients to have taken highly active antiretroviral agents (57% vs. 73%; p <.001) or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylactic medication when indicated (60% vs. 75%; p =.006).
Few American adults received HIV care in rural areas of the United States. Our findings suggest ongoing disparities between urban and rural areas in access to high-quality HIV care.
Transition metal ions provide a rich set of optically active defect spins in wide bandgap semiconductors. Chromium (Cr4+) in silicon-carbide (SiC) produces a spin-1 ground state with a narrow, ...spectrally isolated, spin-selective, near-telecom optical interface. However, previous studies were hindered by material quality resulting in limited coherent control. In this work, we implant Cr into commercial 4H-SiC and show optimal defect activation after annealing above 1600 °C. We measure an ensemble optical hole linewidth of 31 MHz, an order of magnitude improvement compared to as-grown samples. An in-depth exploration of optical and spin dynamics reveals efficient spin polarization, coherent control, and readout with high fidelity (79%). We report T1 times greater than 1 s at cryogenic temperatures (15 K) with a T2* = 317 ns and a T2 = 81 μs, where spin dephasing times are currently limited by spin–spin interactions within the defect ensemble. Our results demonstrate the potential of Cr4+ in SiC as an extrinsic, optically active spin qubit.
The TATA‐binding protein (TBP) is involved in all nuclear transcription. We show that a common site on TBP is used for transcription initiation complex formation by RNA polymerases (pols) II and III. ...TBP, the transcription factor IIB (TFIIB)‐related factor Brf1 and the pol III‐specific factor Bdp1 constitute TFIIIB. A photochemical cross‐linking approach was used to survey a collection of human TBP surface residue mutants for their ability to form TFIIIB–DNA complexes reliant on only the TFIIB‐related part of Brf1. Mutations impairing complex formation and transcription were identified and mapped on the surface of TBP. The most severe effects were observed for mutations in the C‐terminal stirrup of TBP, which is the principal site of interaction between TBP and TFIIB. Structural modeling of the Brf1–TBP complex and comparison with its TFIIB–TBP analog further rationalizes the close resemblance of the TBP interaction with the N‐proximal part of Brf1 and TFIIB, and establishes the conserved usage of a TBP surface in pol II and pol III transcription for a conserved function in the initiation of transcription.
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