Interstitial Cystitis in Children Close, Clare E.; Carr, Michael C.; Burns, Mark W. ...
The Journal of urology,
08/1996, Letnik:
156, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Interstitial cystitis has been rarely reported in children. We present our experience with 16 children in whom clinical symptomatology and cystoscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of ...interstitial cystitis.
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 20 children referred for chronic sensory urgency, frequency and bladder pain who underwent cystoscopy and hydro-distension. Four patients were excluded from study because of infection identified at cystoscopy or lack of cystoscopic changes with hydro-distension.
Patient age at onset of first symptoms ranged from 2 to 11 years (median 4.5) and age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 16 years (mean 8.2). Of the 16 children 14 (88 percent) presented with symptoms of urinary frequency and sensory urgency, and in 13 (81 percent) lower abdominal pain was relieved by voiding. None of the children had motor urgency. Urodynamic evaluation in 8 cases revealed early bladder sensation with no evidence of involuntary bladder contractions. Diffuse glomerulations and terminal hematuria were demonstrated in all patients after hydro-distension. Followup was available for 14 patients. Relief of symptoms occurred after hydro-distension in all children except 1. Seven children (50 percent) required repeat hydro-distension.
Children with symptoms of bladder pain, urinary frequency and sensory urgency have bladder changes on cystoscopy consistent with interstitial cystitis. Although rare, this condition is recognizable and it should not be confused with dysfunctional voiding in which complaints are secondary to involuntary bladder contractions.
The human serologic response to several envelope-associated proteins and adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis was examined using immunoblot techniques. Antigens recognized by sera from ...individuals with culture-confirmed pertussis and by sera from infants immunized with three doses of conventional whole-cell pertussis vaccine included a 63,000-Da protein that was shown to be antigenically related to a mycobacterial heat-shock protein. A 29,OOO-Da protein reacted with sera from convalescent individuals, whereas a 91,000-Da protein reacted with sera from vaccinated individuals. Antibodies to adenylate cyclase toxin were common in sera from individuals diagnosed with pertussis. B. pertussis lipooligosaccharide was also recognized by antibodies in some of these sera. These data suggest that some of these antigens may playa role in immunity to pertussis.
Human effect elicited by static color slides was evaluated quantitatively using dimensional (
N = 60 subjects) and differential or categorical (
N = 57) self report, and facial electromyography (
N = ...20). Mean dimensional self reports of affective responses were highly replicable across cohorts. Mean categorical response profiles over seven affective categories were monomodal for some slides, but multimodal for most, and nearly identical within the same cohort forslides of similar content. Mean categorical response profiles for individual slides were also similar across different cohorts and for different experimental conditions. Valence calculated from weighted categorical self report scores was highly correlated with the self reported valence (
r = +0.98), demonstrating a simple, linear relationship between dimensional and categorical (differential) measures of affect. Categorical response strength was synergically patterned, i.e. invariably correlated positively for affect of the same dimensional valence and generally correlated negatively for affect of opposite valence. Facial electromyograms associated with affective responses to slides were correlated with valence, but smaller in magnitude than those associated with the weakest possible voluntary facial movements involving the same muscles. This study, therefore, demonstrates that self reported affective responses to color IAPS slides are replicable within and between cohorts, complex but synergically patterned, and relatively weak.
The alpha chain of the vitronectin receptor, alpha v, has been found in association with the integrin subunits beta 1, beta 3, or beta 5 on different cell types. We show here that cultured embryonic ...fibroblasts simultaneously display alpha v beta 3, alpha v beta 1, and alpha v in association with two other beta subunits, one of which is probably beta 5. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of single cells isolated by micromanipulation identified mRNA for alpha v, beta 1, beta 3, and beta 5 in six of eight clones. Immunoprecipitation of iodinated cell surface proteins with a monoclonal antibody to alpha v indicated that the relative proportions of the different beta chains in association with alpha v varied, particularly between two different cell lines. The cytokines platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha did not appear to alter this ratio although tumor necrosis factor alpha increased the surface expression of the alpha v-associated integrins; but overnight culture in basic fibroblast growth factor caused a lower expression of alpha v beta 1 and alpha v beta 5 with no reduction in alpha v beta 3 expression. When the cell cultures were grown to complete confluence, surface expression of beta 3 was abolished, and the expression of an unknown beta chain (beta u) became more prominent. This effect was not overcome by culturing confluent cells with basic fibroblast growth factor. Affinity column chromatography showed that alpha v beta 5 bound to vitronectin but alpha v beta 1 did not, whereas alpha v beta 1 but not alpha v beta 5 bound to fibronectin. These results suggest that, on individual cells, the beta subunits found in association with alpha v may vary according to the proliferative capacity of the cell and that the promiscuous beta 3 subunit is progressively replaced by beta subunits of individual ligand specificity.
The Medtronic Jewel AF 7250 is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator with atrial and ventricular therapies (ICD-AT). The ICD-AT is effective in managing atrial tachyarrhythmias (atrial ...fibrillation AF), but patient acceptance remains an issue. This aim of this study was to measure ICD-AT acceptance.
ICD-AT acceptance was evaluated in 96 patients enrolled in the "Jewel AF-AF-Only Study" for > or =3 months of follow-up (mean 19 months). Patients were mostly men (72%; age 65 +/- 12 years). Clinical data and a written survey (75% response rate) were used to quantify demographics, AF frequency and symptoms, atrial defibrillation therapy, quality of life (QOL), psychosocial distress, and ICD-AT therapy acceptance. From implant to survey, AF symptom and severity scores decreased by 18% (P < or = 0.05), and QOL (SF-36) scores increased by 15% to 50% (P < or = 0.05). ICD-AT therapy acceptance was high, with 71.3% of patients scoring in the 75th percentile on the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey. ICD-AT acceptance was correlated with the Physical Component Scale and Mental Health Component Scale scores of the SF-36 (r = 0.28 and 0.35, respectively). ICD-AT acceptance was negatively correlated with depressive symptomatology (r =-0.59), trait anxiety (r =-0.48), illness intrusiveness (r =-0.55), and AF symptom and severity scores (r =-0.26). ICD-AT acceptance did not correlate with preimplant cardioversions, number of atrial shocks, AF episodes detected by the device, or device implant duration.
Most patients accepted ICD-AT therapy. Patients were more likely to accept ICD-AT if they had less psychosocial distress, greater QOL, and lower AF symptom burden.
There are many reports of non-point pollution of groundwater from the agricultural application of pesticides and the need to protect water quality has meant that research has focused upon the ...degradation and movement of pesticides in the overlying soil. These studies have included investigations into the adsorptive and biodegradative processes which determine the quantity of a pesticide and its metabolites that reach groundwater. To do this, experiments using intact soil cores in the laboratory are often favoured over field studies as they give greater control over experimental variables. However, intact cores often provide variable results due to the inherent heterogeneity of soil properties between cores taken from the same site. Consequently, columns packed with air-dried, sieved and homogenised soil are often preferred because of their experimental reproducibility. This approach ignores the fact that soil biotic and abiotic properties change with depth and that extrapolation of data to the field situation is virtually impossible. A few studies have attempted to resolve the differences with the use of layered repacked columns in which the soil profile is reconstructed to take into account the chemical, physical and biological gradients. Some researchers have compared the performance of repacked with intact cores and shown dissimilar rates of pesticide dissipation or decline in inoculant numbers between the experimental models. However, there have been no reports of whether the disturbance involved in soil repacking alters the well established natural gradients in microbial properties which occur with depth. Our objectives were to examine some microbial properties of a layered repacked soil column and to compare these with intrinsic properties recorded in samples taken from the original soil profile.
Aggregating fine particulate matter is common practice in many industrial solid-liquid separation processes. Data obtained in this work on dilute aqueous dispersions of model colloidal polystyrene ...latex spheres indicate that depletion flocculation, which uses non-adsorbing polymer, can yield very compact aggregates. Flocculation of the negatively charged latex particles was induced by the addition of a poly(acrylic acid) at pH 10. The structural compactness of the latex flocs formed in the dilute dispersions was characterised using small-angle static light scattering in terms of mass fractal dimensions. Rheological measurements on the concentrated latex dispersions in the presence of the non-adsorbing polyacid showed Bingham yield stress behaviour. Both the compactness and strength of the latex flocs were found to be significantly dependent upon the level of the polyacid, as well as the concentration of the initial particles. In particular, as the level of the polyacid was raised the floc compactness decreased, whereas its strength increased. They were both seen to level off at high polymer concentrations. Atomic force microscopy measurements were made at varying concentrations of the polyacid to provide a qualitative explanation of the observed floc structural behaviour of the dilute dispersions. By combining the fractal dimension and the Bingham yield stress we were also able to estimate the energy required to separate the flocs into single units in the concentrated dispersions. It was concluded that the interparticle interaction energy is the key to understanding the dependence of both the floc structure and strength on the polymer concentration.
A 1779-bp complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta) has been isolated from a human frontal cortex library using traditional plaque-screening methods and PCR screening. ...The deduced 592-amino-acid sequence of the human PKC-zeta clone has a 95-96% identity to those deduced from the previously described rat and mouse PKC-zeta clones.
Thirty‐four mixed breed horses from two separate farms showed signs of abdominal discomfort, pyrexia and dehydration after being exposed to a new batch of 14% complete horse feed. A new batch of ...cattle feed from the same manufacturer resulted in dairy cows showing depression, a drop in milk production and diarrhoea. Examination of both diets revealed the presence of white kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Inclusion of raw beans of this genus in animal feeds is to be avoided.
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