Kinetic modeling plays a key role in development of large-scale extraction processes. In this study, we modeled the process of extracting essential oils from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel materials in ...different kinetics including pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models in both linear and nonlinear forms. The coefficient of determination, R2, and the percentage of deviation, %q, were used as the basis to determine the most suitable kinetic model kinetics. The results show that non-linear pseudo first order model (equation 7) was best fitted to describe the experimental data. The obtained essential oil was characterized by the abundance of limonene.
Hospital readmissions remain a public health concern despite progress in reducing and preventing its occurrence. Among strategies that have been implemented to reduce readmission most involves ...medication management. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions involving pharmacists to reduce hospital readmissions. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for primary literature from January 1990 to July 2016 with search terms such as “hospital readmission,” and “Pharmacist,” or “Pharmacy,” or “medications.” Studies with an abstract in English which highlighted a pharmacist involvement based on the type of intervention, country of origin, type of study, and findings were summarized. The outcomes of these interventions to reduce hospital readmissions were mixed. Of the 29 studies, 16 (55%) showed a statistically significant reduction in readmissions ranging from 3.3% to 30%. Most of the interventions focused mainly on patient education postdischarge (8) or in addition to medication reconciliation predischarge (9). There were no studies from Africa or Asia but mainly from the United States (72%). Although multiple factors contribute to hospital readmission, this review highlights the important role pharmacists can play singularly and as part of interdisciplinary teams. Most effective interventions often involved medication review and patient education postdischarge.
Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr). juice is known as an enriched source of antioxidants and nutrients. It is therefore necessary to develop a preservation method for freshly prepared juice. This ...study aims to determine the effect of the vacuum concentration process on the change in color, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of pomelo juice. High pressure showed negligible effects on color. However, longer heating time seemed to cause browning in juice. In comparison with the fresh sample, total color difference (TCD) value of the treated sample was 6.73 ± 0.58 after 150 min of heating at 85°C. The total polyphenol content (TPC) values in the sample also increased with longer heating time or increased pressure. The total flavonoid content (TFC) seemed to be non-responsive to changes in heating time and pressure but was closely related to total soluble solid. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) of pomelo juice are affected by heat and, to a lesser extent, by pressure. The changes caused by the application of vacuum dehydration in the juice texture resulted in a higher water loss and higher sugar content (52.92 ± 0.79 °Brix).
Coconut oil is considered the active ingredient as a moisturizer used by many people in tropical regions. At the same time, coconut oil can improve the symptoms of skin disorders by moisturizing and ...soothing the skin. A body washes formula that contains coconut oil based on the saponification process is formulated through an appropriate content survey. The combination of auxiliary substances such as detergent, foaming agent, moisturizing agent, preservative was also conducted to evaluate different concentrations. Products are assessed and visually observed for appearance, viscosity, pH value, stability, and durability when stored. The body wash formula was found to be white and pearl luster was visually observed. Products using 20% crude soap content, 5% detergent (SLES), 3% glycerin, etc. have all been tested to show good physico-chemical properties in terms of pH value and viscosity, as well as no irritation, upon skin contact. Research shows that coconut oil body wash formulas with good physico-chemical properties can be developed into new body wash cosmetic products.
Background: Routine administration of correctional insulin is no longer recommended as a primary strategy to treat hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. Studies have demonstrated significant ...improvement in glycemic control in patients treated with basal and correctional insulin (B+C) versus correctional insulin alone (C). However, the effect of C or B+C on hypoglycemic events is not well understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of B+C versus C on hypoglycemic events in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of patients at least 65 years old that were admitted between April and July 2016, who were prescribed any type of insulin. Exclusion criteria included admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) on hospital admission, history of hypersensitivity to insulin, or insulin use for the management of hyperkalemia. Patients were divided based on the insulin regimen prescribed, B+C or C. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of hypoglycemic episodes between groups. Secondary outcomes included severity of hypoglycemia, hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital mortality, and ICU transfer. Hypoglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL. Results: A total of 709 patients were included, with 144 (20.3%) prescribed B+C and 565 (79.7%) prescribed C. Incidence of hypoglycemia was greater in the B+C group than C (29.1% vs 12.6%, p=0.012). The average blood glucose readings during hypoglycemic episodes between B+C and C were 50 mg/dL and 52.5 mg/dL, respectively (p<0.01). There was no difference observed in hospital LOS. No patients required ICU admission within 24 hours of a hypoglycemic event or died during the index hospitalization. Conclusion: There is a higher incidence of hypoglycemia in elderly patients prescribed basal plus correctional insulin than correctional insulin alone.
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