•We assessed the multi-temporal vegetation dynamic trends based on time series NDVI and EVI data comparatively.•A remarkable increase was observed in annual and seasonal NDVI and EVI over the ...Qinba.•Larger areas of no significant change were obtained in EVI compared to NDVI, except summer.•The seasons of significant increase occurred varied for different vegetation types.•Inconsistency characteristics of future vegetation dynamic trend was stronger, especially detected by EVI.
The Qinling-Daba Mountains region (Qinba) is an important geographical transitional zone across the north and south of China. To comprehensively understand the ecological transition in the Qinba over past two decades, this study assessed and predicted the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation comparatively, using 250-m time series MODIS NDVI and EVI products. From 2000 to 2019, remarkable increases were observed both in annual and seasonal NDVI and EVI (P < 0.05), and the increasing rate of NDVI was higher than that of EVI for all temporal scales, except summer. Compared to NDVI, larger areas of no significant change were obtained in annual, autumn, and winter EVI, primarily distributed in the high-altitude regions of western Qinba. All assessed vegetation types increased significantly during past two decades except alpine vegetation and marsh, however, the seasons in which the significant increase in NDVI and EVI occurred varied for different vegetation types. Hurst exponent analysis suggested that inconsistent characteristics of vegetation dynamic trends were stronger in the future across Qinba. The area proportion of unfavorable trends, identified mainly covered with cultivated vegetation and scrub, was much larger than that of favorable trends, especially detected by EVI. Areas likely to experience vegetation variation of unfavorable and undetermined trends deserve high focus.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell ...therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
cells/kg range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval CI, 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03090659 ; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered.
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an essential component of human civilization because of its long global history of use in food and beverage fermentation. However, the diversity and ...evolutionary history of the domesticated populations of the yeast remain elusive. We show here that China/Far East Asia is likely the center of origin of the domesticated populations of the species. The domesticated populations form two major groups associated with solid- and liquid-state fermentation and appear to have originated from heterozygous ancestors, which were likely formed by outcrossing between diverse wild isolates primitively for adaptation to maltose-rich niches. We found consistent gene expansion and contraction in the whole domesticated population, as well as lineage-specific genome variations leading to adaptation to different environments. We show a nearly panoramic view of the diversity and life history of S. cerevisiae and provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the species.
This paper analyzes the characteristics of music teaching development, constructs a variety of music integration teaching methods in the background of the “Internet+” era, and evaluates the quality ...of this teaching method based on the BP neural network algorithm. Since the traditional BP neural network cannot consider modeling the critical point of adjacent teaching quality levels, a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with adaptive sampling and BP network is used to study the teaching evaluation problem. Simulation through the constructed evaluation system yields that the prediction accuracy of the model constructed in this paper reaches more than 94%, and the absolute value of the relative error between the predicted and expected results of the model in this paper is controlled within 1.5%. According to this study, teaching the integration of modern pop music and traditional music culture on the Internet is feasible.
Identifying the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of an individual nanoparticle is essential to reveal the structure‐activity relations of catalysts. However, it is challenging as the performance ...of catalysts is typically evaluated with ensembles, providing an elusive averaged response of complex catalyst‐modified electrodes. Herein, a single‐nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)‐based method was employed to characterize the electrocatalysis of citrate‐capped Au NPs with six different particle sizes, and investigate the size‐dependent electrocatalytic activity of Au NPs toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the single‐particle level. Results showed that the geometric activity of Au NPs showed a decreasing trend as the size increased from 5 nm to 40 nm, consisting with the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) data that the onset potentials and potentials to reaching at HER currents of 50 μA cm−2 shifted negatively as the size of Au NPs increased. Also noteworthy is that the measured geometric activity of single Au NP toward HER was 5~6 orders of magnitude higher than the ensemble data derived from the LSV tests. The extraordinary enhancement of catalytic activity is believed to originate from the high accessible surface area of monodispersed Au NPs. Hence, the proposed SNEC‐based method could investigate the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of NPs in solution at the single‐particle level, and achieve true size‐activity correlation, which may provide effective guidance for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts.
The EAT–Lancet Commission drew on all available nutritional and environmental evidence to construct the first global benchmark diet capable of sustaining health and protecting the planet, but it did ...not assess dietary affordability. We used food price and household income data to estimate affordability of EAT–Lancet benchmark diets, as a first step to guiding interventions to improve diets around the world.
We obtained retail prices from 2011 for 744 foods in 159 countries, collected under the International Comparison Program. We used these data to identify the most affordable foods to meet EAT–Lancet targets. We compared total diet cost per day to each country's mean per capita household income, calculated the proportion of people for whom the most affordable EAT–Lancet diet exceeds total income, and also measured affordability relative to a least-cost diet that meets essential nutrient requirements.
The most affordable EAT–Lancet diets cost a global median of US$2·84 per day (IQR 2·41–3·16) in 2011, of which the largest share was the cost of fruits and vegetables (31·2%), followed by legumes and nuts (18·7%), meat, eggs, and fish (15·2%), and dairy (13·2%). This diet costs a small fraction of average incomes in high-income countries but is not affordable for the world's poor. We estimated that the cost of an EAT–Lancet diet exceeded household per capita income for at least 1·58 billion people. The EAT–Lancet diet is also more expensive than the minimum cost of nutrient adequacy, on average, by a mean factor of 1·60 (IQR 1·41–1·78).
Current diets differ greatly from EAT–Lancet targets. Improving diets is affordable in many countries but for many people would require some combination of higher income, nutritional assistance, and lower prices. Data and analysis for the cost of healthier foods are needed to inform both local interventions and systemic changes.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Enantioselective arylation of secondary β-C(sp3)–H bonds of 8-aminoquinoline amides was realized with a palladium catalyst. Chiral phosphoric amides and acids were used for the first time to control ...the stereoselectivity at the C–H bond cleavage step in the C–H activation reactions.
The effects of high-intensity ultrasound on the emulsifying properties of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) and the rheological properties and stability of the emulsion stabilized by ...ultrasound-treated MP were investigated. MP suspensions (0.6 M NaCl) were subjected to ultrasound treatments (frequency 20 kHz, power 450 W, intensity 30 W/cm2) for 0, 3 and 6 min. Ultrasound treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index of MP and yielded a more stable emulsion. The frequency sweep and temperature sweep of emulsions indicated that ultrasound treatment of MP enhanced the elasticity and viscosity of MP-stabilized emulsion. Ultrasound significantly reduced the particle size of MP (p < 0.05) and promoted the formation of smaller and more uniform emulsion droplets. Ultrasound treatment increased the absorbed protein concentration (p < 0.05), while SDS-PAGE of adsorbed proteins recovered from the emulsion layer showed that the band intensity of myosin heavy chains and actin were increased. Ultrasound significantly increased the unfolding of MP, showing an increase in the reactive sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence intensity. Ultrasound significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the α-helical content and increased the content of β-sheet, β-turn and random coil contents. High-intensity ultrasound induced structural changes in MP and increased interfacial proteins around oil droplets, contributing to an improvement in the emulsifying properties of MP and enhancement in the rheological properties and storage ability of the O/W emulsion. High-intensity ultrasound has important potential for directly enhancing emulsifying characteristics of lean meat proteins on emulsion-type products.
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•High-intensity ultrasound (20 kHz, 450 W, 6 min, 30 W/cm2) improved emulsifying properties of myofibrillar protein (MP).•Ultrasound-treated MP enhanced the G′ and G″ of emulsion and emulsion stability.•Ultrasound-treated MP contributed to form smaller and more uniform emulsion droplets.•Ultrasound-treated MP increased the interfacial proteins surrounding oil droplets.
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