.
In this paper, we describe in detail the BMV (
Biréfringence Magnétique du Vide
) experiment, a novel apparatus to study the propagation of light in a transverse magnetic field. It is based on a ...very high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity and on pulsed magnets specially designed for this purpose. We justify our technical choices and we present the current status and perspectives.
Audiovisual Speech Processing Bailly, Gérard; Perrier, Pascal; Vatikiotis-Bateson, Eric
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
04/2012
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
When we speak, we configure the vocal tract which shapes the visible motions of the face and the patterning of the audible speech acoustics. Similarly, we use these visible and audible behaviors to ...perceive speech. This book showcases a broad range of research investigating how these two types of signals are used in spoken communication, how they interact, and how they can be used to enhance the realistic synthesis and recognition of audible and visible speech. The volume begins by addressing two important questions about human audiovisual performance: how auditory and visual signals combine to access the mental lexicon and where in the brain this and related processes take place. It then turns to the production and perception of multimodal speech and how structures are coordinated within and across the two modalities. Finally, the book presents overviews and recent developments in machine-based speech recognition and synthesis of AV speech.
The post-emergence control of black-grass in winter cereal crops is becoming increasingly complicated due to the evolution of resistance to acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase ...(ALS) inhibiting herbicides. Ensuring good pre-emergence control is therefore important to protect yield and relieve the pressure on the few existing post-emergence chemical options. In this study we investigated the mechanisms of resistance in a black-grass population (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) from France (FR50) and assessed the usefulness of residual herbicides such as prosulfocarb, pendimethalin and flufenacet for controlling this population.
The entire population contained an insensitive ALS target due to a homozygote substitution at amino acid position 574 (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. equivalent) conferring very high levels of resistance to selective sulfonylureas. Additionally, sixty percent of the population carried at least one ACCase substitution (codon positions 1781 or 2096). Overall higher levels of resistance were observed with clodinafop-propargyl (RF50=6.48 (4.67–9.01)), than pinoxaden (RF50=4.42 (3.12–6.26)) mainly explained by the differential response to the G2096A substitution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a black-grass population carrying resistance mutations on the ACCase and ALS genes.
Nearly all the pre-emergence treatments tested provided levels of control at above 80%. The most efficient and fast acting treatment was the tank mix prosulfocarb 2400g a.iha−1+diflufenican 80g a.iha−1+flufenacet 160g a.iha−1applied at BBCH10 that resulted in complete necrosis and absence of meristematic re-growth. Herbicide sequences, i.e. a pre-application followed by a post-application 21 days after, provided extremely good results. For instance, prosulfocarb 4000g a.iha−1+diflufenican 50g a.iha−1 followed by pinoxaden 60g a.iha−1+pendimethalin 800g a.iha−1 resulted in full control of FR50. Despite the strong resistance profile of FR50, these results showed that most herbicide combinations ensured a useful level of control at an early stage. In order to delay the onset and limit the spread of multiple herbicide resistant populations such as FR50, mixtures and sequences involving residual herbicides have an important role to play.
► First report of multiple target-site resistance to ACCase and ALS inhibitors in black-grass. ► Presence of W574L, I1781L and G2096A resistance mutations. ► Increasing levels of resistance from clethodim to clodinafop-propargyl. ► Highly effective binary and ternary pre-emergence mixtures. ► Competitive edge of the clodinafop-propargyl:prosulfocarb mixture applied at BBCH12.
We report the direct observation of the nonreciprocity of the velocity of light, induced by electric and magnetic fields. This bilinear magneto-electro-optical effect appears in crossed electric and ...magnetic fields perpendicular to the light wave vector, as a refractive index difference between two counterpropagating directions. Using a high finesse ring cavity, we have measured this magnetoelectric nonreciprocity in molecular nitrogen at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure; for light polarized parallel to the magnetic field it is 2η(∥exp)(N2) = (4.7±1)×10(-23) m V(-1) T(-1) for λ = 1064 nm, in agreement with the expected order of magnitude. Our measurement opens the way to a deeper insight into light-matter interaction beyond the electric dipole approximation. We were able to measure a nonreciprocity as small as Δn =(5±2)×10(-18), which makes its observation in quantum vacuum a conceivable challenge.
Kaundun SS, Hutchings S‐J, Dale RP, Bailly GC & Glanfield P (2011). Syngenta ‘RISQ’ test: a novel in‐season method for detecting resistance to post‐emergence ACCase and ALS inhibitor herbicides in ...grass weeds. Weed Research51, 284–293.
Summary
This paper describes a novel method for detecting resistance to post‐emergence acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase herbicides in grass weeds. The method relies on seedlings being collected from farmer’s fields and sent for testing to a central laboratory. These seedlings are plated onto agar containing discriminating rates of herbicides and survivorship is recorded after 10 days and compared with standard sensitive and resistant populations. The test has been validated in the glasshouse, growth cabinet and phytotron on Lolium spp. seedlings at the 1–3 leaf stage and has resulted in very low levels of false positives and negatives of resistance. Based on several pre‐determined target site and non‐target site resistant Lolium spp. populations and three commonly used herbicides, clodinafop‐propargyl, pinoxaden and iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron, we demonstrate that the results from the agar‐based seedling assay correlate very well with classical whole‐plant pot tests. The method has been successfully applied to Lolium spp. seedlings collected from two UK fields in 2009 and proved transferable to other grass weeds. As it is applied very early in the season, it provides an opportunity for predicting herbicide efficacy prior to field application and thus allows for an informed choice of herbicide for effective weed control. To distinguish this cost effective, simple and early season bioassay from the many existing ones, we propose to refer to it as the Syngenta ‘Resistance In‐Season Quick’ test.
De l’asile à la cité Degeilh, B; Bailly, G; Le Guen, S ...
European psychiatry,
November 2014, Letnik:
29, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Contexte et objectifs Un pôle intersectoriel dédié aux patients dits longs séjours a été créé en 2010 au sein de l’hôpital psychiatrique de Dordogne. Une active politique de réhabilitation ...psycho-sociale a été élaborée pour les quatre années du contrat de pôle dans lequel s’engageait alors une petite équipe pluridisciplinaire déterminée à désinstitutionnaliser ces patients (30 % des « lits » du centre hospitalier). Philosophie des soins et moyens engagés Cure and care , socle de l’ empowerment 1 . Des soins spécifiques, notamment la déclinaison originale de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient, la remédiation cognitive et l’apprentissage des habiletés sociales, ont porté un processus de rétablissement 2 ouvrant les portes de l’asile à des personnes hospitalisées depuis des années. Développement des partenariats au-delà des institutions sanitaires et médico-sociales, le soutien d’organismes publics et d’entreprises privées (associations, artisans) a redonné une présence citoyenne à ces malades dénommés chroniques dont la vie s’était longtemps limitée pour l’essentiel à l’enceinte de l’hôpital psychiatrique. Création d’une association Notre association ARCHES a animé deux sections. La première, scientifique, a organisé trois colloques sur l’actualité des thérapies proposées dans les troubles psychiatriques chroniques et la déstigmatisation de la maladie mentale. La deuxième a oeuvré à développer la psychiatrie communautaire en soutenant l’installation des patients dans la cité et l’implication de nos partenaires profanes 3. Résultats et analyse critique Quinze pour cent de notre patientèle est installée en appartement, 30 % en établissement médico-social. Les limites de nos actions, qui s’inscrivent dans le droit fil des rapports ministériels 4 , sont tracées au sein de notre équipe, de notre institution et du contexte socio-économique. Conclusion Notre équipe pose une expertise loco-régionale en soins de suite et de réadaptation psychosociale après ses quatre années d’exercice dans un mouvement d’idées et d’actions que certains nomment psychiatrie citoyenne pour que les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux chroniques réintègrent la vie communautaire autant que faire se peut.
In this contribution to PSAS 2010, we report on recent progress on an experiment aimed at measuring small optical directional anisotropies by frequency metrology in a high-finesse ring cavity. We ...focus on our first experimental goal, the measurement of magneto-electric effects in gases. After a review of the expected effects in our set-up, we present the apparatus and the measurement procedure, showing that we already have the necessary sensitivity to start novel experiments.
Hematite crystals of different shapes (dendrites, cubes, spindles and rhombohedra) were obtained via a low cost and environment-friendly microwave route. The structure and morphology were ...characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At last, a comparative microwave gas sensing study was performed to assess the influence of morphology on sensor response.
In this contribution to PSAS 2010, we report on recent progress on an experiment aimed at measuring small optical directional anisotropies by frequency metrology in a high-finesse ring cavity. We ...focus on our first experimental goal, the measurement of magneto-electric effects in gases. After a review of the expected effects in our set-up, we present the apparatus and the measurement procedure, showing that we already have the necessary sensitivity to start novel experiments.
The surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has evolved over the past century, using various techniques of retropubic colposuspensions and sling procedures. In the past two ...decades, the sling has become the mainstay of surgical treatment of SUI, with the synthetic midurethral sling (MUS) leading the way. With the recent concerns raised by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada about the safety of vaginal surgery using mesh implants, including the MUS, urologists and gynecologists should be familiar with suitable alternatives, including the pubovaginal sling (PVS), which often incorporates autologous fascia. Surgeons should be expected to discuss the surgical options to patients in more detail so that an informed decision can be made by both parties on which surgery to choose. Despite the MUS still being considered the "gold standard" by many, both the urologist and gynecologist who manage SUI should understand the indications for a PVS with autologous fascia, as well as its surgical technique and outcomes. This knowledge is required to aid in the decision-making of both the patient and her surgeon. In this article, the role of the PVS and the description of its surgical technique are presented.
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