We consider the many-body system of neutrinos interacting with each other through neutral current weak force. Emerging many-body effects in such a system could play important roles in some ...astrophysical sites such as the core collapse supernovae. In the literature this many-body system is usually treated within the mean field approximation which is an effective one-body description based on omitting entangled neutrino states. In this paper, we consider the original many-body system in an effective two flavor mixing scenario under the single angle approximation and present a solution without using the mean field approximation. Our solution is formulated around a special class of many-body eigenstates which do not undergo any level crossings as the neutrino self-interaction rate decreases while the neutrinos radiate from the supernova. In particular, an initial state which consists of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos of an orthogonal flavor can be entirely decomposed in terms of those eigenstates. Assuming that the conditions are perfectly adiabatic so that the evolution of these eigenstates follow their variation with the interaction rate, we show that this initial state develops a spectral split at exactly the same energy predicted by the mean field formulation.
The mechanism for generating neutrino masses remains a puzzle in particle physics. If neutrino masses follow from a Dirac mass term, then neutrino states exist with opposite chirality compared to ...their weakly interacting counterparts. These inactive states do not interact with their active counterparts at measurable scales in the Standard Model. However, the existence of these states can have implications for cosmology as they contribute to the radiation energy density at early times, and the matter energy density at late times. How Dirac neutrinos may populate thermal states via an anomalous magnetic moment operator is the focus of this work. A class of models where all neutrinos have a magnetic moment independent of flavor or chirality is considered. Subsequently, the cross sections for neutrinos scattering on background plasma particles are calculated so that the relic inactive neutrino energy is derived as a function of plasma temperature. To do so, one needs cross sections for scattering on all electrically charged Standard Model particles. Therefore, the scattering cross section between a neutrino and W boson via the magnetic moment vertex is derived. Current measurements put a constraint on the size of the neutrino magnetic moment from the cosmological parameter Neff and light-element primordial abundances. Finally, how the extra Dirac states contribute to the matter energy density at late times is investigated by examining neutrino free streaming.
We investigate the importance of going beyond the mean-field approximation in the dynamics of collective neutrino oscillations. To expand our understanding of the coherent neutrino oscillation ...problem, we apply concepts from many-body physics and quantum information theory. Specifically, we use measures of nontrivial correlations (otherwise known as "entanglement") between the constituent neutrinos of the many-body system, such as the entanglement entropy and the Bloch vector of the reduced density matrix. The relevance of going beyond the mean field is demonstrated by comparisons between the evolution of the neutrino state in the many-body picture vs the mean-field limit, for different initial conditions.
We present a detailed report on sterile neutrino oscillation and 235Uν¯e energy spectrum measurement results from the PROSPECT experiment at the highly enriched High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at ...Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In 96 calendar days of data taken at an average baseline distance of 7.9 m from the center of the 85 MW HFIR core, the PROSPECT detector has observed more than 50,000 interactions of νe produced in beta decays of 235U fission products. New limits on the oscillation of ν¯e to light sterile neutrinos have been set by comparing the detected energy spectra of ten reactor-detector baselines between 6.7 and 9.2 meters. Measured differences in energy spectra between baselines show no statistically significant indication of ν¯e to sterile neutrino oscillation and disfavor the reactor antineutrino anomaly best-fit point at the 2.5σ confidence level. The reported 235U ν¯e energy spectrum measurement shows excellent agreement with energy spectrum models generated via conversion of the measured 235U beta spectrum, with a χ2/d.o.f. of 31/31. PROSPECT is able to disfavor at 2.4σ confidence level the hypothesis that 235U ν¯e are solely responsible for spectrum discrepancies between model and data obtained at commercial reactor cores. A data-model deviation in PROSPECT similar to that observed by commercial core experiments is preferred with respect to no observed deviation, at a 2.2σ confidence level.
The flavor evolution of neutrinos in environments with large neutrino number densities is an open problem at the nexus of astrophysics and neutrino flavor physics. Among the many unanswered questions ...pertaining to this problem, it remains to be determined whether neutrino-neutrino coherent scattering can give rise to nontrivial quantum entanglement among neutrinos, and whether this can affect the flavor evolution in a meaningful way. To gain further insight into this question, here we study a simple system of two interacting neutrino beams and obtain the exact phase space explored by this system using the Husimi quasiprobability distribution. We observe that the entanglement induced by the coupling leads to strong delocalization in phase-space with largely non-Gaussian quantum fluctuations. The link between the neutrino entanglement and quantum fluctuations is illustrated using the one- and two-neutrino entropy. In addition, we propose an approximate phase-space method to describe the interacting neutrinos problem, where the exact evolution is replaced by a set of independent mean-field evolutions with a statistical sampling of the initial conditions. The phase-space approach provides a simple and accurate method to describe the gross features of the neutrino entanglement problem. Applications are shown using time-independent and time-dependent Hamiltonians in the nonadiabatic regime.
This Letter reports the first scientific results from the observation of antineutrinos emitted by fission products of ^{235}U at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor ...Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, consists of a segmented 4 ton ^{6}Li-doped liquid scintillator detector covering a baseline range of 7-9 m from the reactor and operating under less than 1 m water equivalent overburden. Data collected during 33 live days of reactor operation at a nominal power of 85 MW yield a detection of 25 461±283 (stat) inverse beta decays. Observation of reactor antineutrinos can be achieved in PROSPECT at 5σ statistical significance within 2 h of on-surface reactor-on data taking. A reactor model independent analysis of the inverse beta decay prompt energy spectrum as a function of baseline constrains significant portions of the previously allowed sterile neutrino oscillation parameter space at 95% confidence level and disfavors the best fit of the reactor antineutrino anomaly at 2.2σ confidence level.
Abstract
Entanglement of constituents of a many-body system is a recurrent feature of quantum behaviour. Quantum information science provides tools, such as the entanglement entropy, to help assess ...the amount of entanglement in such systems. Many-neutrino systems are present in core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, and the Early Universe. Recent work in applying the tools of quantum information science to the description of the entanglement in astrophysical many-neutrino systems is reviewed.
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