There has been an evolution recently in the management of unstable fractures of the ankle with a trend towards direct fixation of a posterior malleolar fragment. Within these fractures, Haraguchi ...type 2 fractures extend medially and often cannot be fixed using a standard posterolateral approach. Our aim was to describe the posteromedial approach to address these fractures and to assess its efficacy and safety.
We performed a review of 15 patients with a Haraguchi type 2 posterior malleolar fracture which was fixed using a posteromedial approach. Five patients underwent initial temporary spanning external fixation. The outcome was assessed at a median follow-up of 29 months (interquartile range (IQR) 17 to 36) using the Olerud and Molander score and radiographs were assessed for the quality of the reduction.
The median Olerud and Molander score was 72 (IQR 70 to 75), representing a good functional outcome. The reduction was anatomical in ten, with a median step of 1.2 mm (IQR 0.9 to 1.85) in the remaining five patients. One patient had parasthaesiae affecting the medial forefoot, which resolved within three months.
We found that the posteromedial approach to the ankle for the surgical treatment of Haraguchi type 2 posterior malleolar fractures is a safe technique that enables good visualisation and reduction of the individual fracture fragments with promising early outcomes. Cite this article:
2017;99-B:1496-1501.
3D modeling and augmented reality (AR) offer innovative perspectives for training in sports activity for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The objective of this review article is to ...offer a reflection on the design and learning methodology in the field of adapted physical activities, with the aim of improving its credibility toward children with ASDs. We also present an original experience of the development by AR in the team sport; an ergonomic approach to activity in a natural situation makes it possible to model the decision-making of children with ASD, and this is used to guide children with ASD to follow the existing avatar in the scene in a daily environment using AR.
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•Estimation of species concentration in a DBD plasma discharge reactor.•Ozone contribution to overall degradation rate estimated to 22.2%.•Pollutant degradation rate is strongly ...affected by permeability.•Moisture presence affects the reactor efficiency.•Extraction of the overall pollutant removal rate from experimental data.
A Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma multiscale simulator has been developed, addressing key mechanisms of soil remediation with characteristic time scales ranging from nanoseconds to minutes in a hierarchical approach. The simulated microscopic DBD plasma processes were linked to the macroscopic remediation modeling through the local species concentrations. A complex, 100 species-based reaction set was implemented in the plasma simulator for the calculation of the concentrations of highly reactive species produced in pertinent operational conditions. These species concentrations were extracted from the microscopic plasma process in the nanoseconds time scale, and introduced as source terms for the solution of the macroscopic problem. In addition, an effective mobility term was introduced to capture the structure effect of the soil medium on the plasma process. The momentum, mass, and energy transport phenomena were modeled and used to predict the degradation rate of atrazine pollutant as a function of specific key reactive molecules, namely, O3 and OH radicals. The activity of these species was examined under different working scenarios, providing valuable information for the remediation process. A wide range of flow rate scenarios were examined, showing that the air velocity influences the remediation process significantly. Another case study involved the application of several sandy soil materials with varying porosity and permeability values, and assessed their impact on the degradation rate. This model analysis was accompanied with experimental data, which were used as reference and validation points for the numerical investigation. Improved operational conditions for the DBD reactor were suggested for the case of atrazine degradation.
The main problems in hyperspectral image analysis are spectral classification, segmentation, and data reduction. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian estimation approach which gives a joint solution ...for these problems. The problem is modeled as a blind sources separation (BSS). The data are M hyperspectral images and the sources are K<M images which are composed of compact homogeneous regions and have mutually disjoint supports. The set of all these regions cover the total surface of the observed scene. To insure these properties, we propose a hierarchical Markov model for the sources with a common hidden classification field which is modeled via a Potts-Markov field. The joint Bayesian estimation of the hidden variable, sources, and the mixing matrix of the BSS gives a solution for all three problems: spectra classification, segmentation, and data reduction of hyperspectral images. The mean field approximation (MFA) algorithm for the posterior laws is proposed for the effective Bayesian computation. Finally, some results of the application of the proposed methods on simulated and real data are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed method compared to other classical methods, such as PCA and ICA.
Neuronal plasticity is regulated by the ovarian steroids estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in many normal brain functions, as well as in acute response to injury and chronic neurodegenerative ...disease. In a female rat model of axotomy, the E2-dependent compensatory neuronal sprouting is antagonized by P4. To resolve complex glial-neuronal cell interactions, we used the “wounding-in-a-dish” model of neurons cocultured with astrocytes or mixed glia (microglia to astrocytes, 1:3). Although both astrocytes and mixed glia supported E2-enhanced neurite outgrowth, P4 antagonized E2-induced neurite outgrowth only with mixed glia, but not astrocytes alone. We now show that P4-E2 antagonism of neurite outgrowth is mediated by microglial expression of progesterone receptor (Pgr) membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1)/S2R, a putative nonclassical Pgr mediator with multiple functions. The P4-E2 antagonism of neurite outgrowth was restored by add-back of microglia to astrocyte-neuron cocultures. Because microglia do not express the classical Pgr, we examined the role of Pgrmc1, which is expressed in microglia in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown by siRNA-Pgrmc1 in microglia before add-back to astrocyte-neuron cocultures suppressed the P4-E2 antagonism of neurite outgrowth. Conditioned media from microglia restored the P4-E2 activity, but only if microglia were activated by lipopolysaccharide or by wounding. Moreover, the microglial activation was blocked by Pgmrc1-siRNA knockdown. These findings explain why nonwounded cultures without microglial activation lack P4 antagonism of E2-induced neurite outgrowth. We suggest that microglial activation may influence brain responses to exogenous P4, which is a prospective therapy in traumatic brain injury.
The aim of this research is to describe applications of virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) to the problems of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). We will try to verify whether the ...use of these techniques makes interventions in the case of children with PDDs (concerning their learning and communicative abilities and the state of their emotional sphere) expedient or not. This paper focuses on the use of new information and communication technologies (NICTs) in the treatment of these children and current researches. We will also observe the involvement of NICTs (such as VR/AR) in changing activities made with these tools on the didactic and methodological level. These analyzes will allow us to answer the following research problematic: How does the application of VR/AR in the case of children with PDDs contribute to the development of learning, communicative skills, and recognition and expression of the emotions?
Abstract
In the present study, a feed-forward dense multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) trained with backpropagation algorithm (BP) is used to determine the kinetic parameters governing the ...performance of the oil-drilling cuttings (ODC) ozonation. Ozonation tests of ODC, pre-treated with surfactant (SDS) and diluted with synthetic seawater, are conducted on a semi-batch bubble flow reactor. The performance of ozonation experiments on semi-batch bubble flow reactors is evaluated by measuring the removal efficiency of the total organic carbon (TOC). The experimental datasets are employed to calibrate two mathematical models of increasing complexity: a tank-in-series (TSM), and a computational fluid dynamics (CFM) model, both combining multiphase transport with reactive processes, involving a high number of unknown parameters, and being able to provide numerous simulated datasets for various values of dimensionless parameters. These data are employed for the training and validation of the neural network. The trained neural network is then interpreted through the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method to provide insights about the experimental parameters.
Purpose: This study was to explore the impact of the cooperative teacher’s (CT) knowledge on attractiveness of Physical Education Student Teachers (PE-ST) believed to be important for a successful ...process of learning to teach and training device in the workplace. The CT is considered, a key element, a person of alternation between academia and training contributing to the formation by advice and support that take place during the teaching practice. The Cooperative Teacher must have a style; develop a training contract, master interview techniques and make evaluation. Material: Data were collected with 302 student teachers (202 males and 100 females) after professional training. A descriptive/exploratory methodology based on a questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was used. The value of Cronbach alpha index is 0.729. Results: globally supported the hypotheses. Male and female student teachers in the internship shared several perceptions. However, significant differences emerged. Student-teachers’ perception of CT knowledge and practice developed relatively professional skills as well as the feeling of discomfort which can lead to work stoppage. However, the impact of CT knowledge on attractiveness was significant. The inefficiency advice between actors in the professional life and several aspects of CT knowledge are provided. In addition, data are provided indicating that overall there are more similarities than differences between male and female student teachers over a response number. Data also shows that females who participate in the internship may be at risk for discomfort, incapability and doubt their practices. Conclusions: This study will encourage Teacher’s to reflect on their own knowledge, training device and to include them in the process of educational development.
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