Do Workplace Health Promotion (Wellness) Programs Work? Goetzel, Ron Z.; Henke, Rachel Mosher; Tabrizi, Maryam ...
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine,
2014-September, Letnik:
56, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
OBJECTIVE:To respond to the question, “Do workplace health promotion programs work?”
METHODS:A compilation of the evidence on workplace programsʼ effectiveness coupled with recommendations for ...critical review of outcome studies. Also, reviewed are recent studies questioning the value of workplace programs.
RESULTS:Evidence accumulated over the past three decades shows that well-designed and well-executed programs that are founded on evidence-based principles can achieve positive health and financial outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS:Employers seeking a program that “works” are urged to consider their goals and whether they have an organizational culture that can facilitate success. Employers who choose to adopt a health promotion program should use best and promising practices to maximize the likelihood of achieving positive results.
To provide a narrative review of best and promising practices for achieving exemplary mental health in the workplace as the foundation for the inaugural Carolyn C. Mattingly Award for Mental Health ...in the Workplace.
Research was drawn from peer-reviewed articles using the search terms associated with workplace mental health.
Eight categories of best practices were identified: (1) culture, (2) robust mental health benefits, (3) mental health resources, (4) workplace policies and practices, (5) healthy work environment, (6) leadership support, (7) outcomes measurement, and (8) innovation.
The review provided the scientific backing to support criteria developed for the Carolyn C. Mattingly Award for Mental Health in the Workplace. By recognizing organizations that apply evidence-based practices in their health and well-being programs, the Mattingly Award may inspire employers to adopt best practices.
Does intraoperative optimization of both depth of anesthesia and regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rScO2) in elderly patients reduce postoperative cognitive decline (primary outcome) or delirium ...(secondary outcome)?
Prospective randomized controlled single blind trial.
A single major urban teaching and university hospital and tertiary referral center.
Patients, 65 years of age and older, undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Intraoperative depth of anesthesia bispectral index (BIS) values were targeted at 50 ± 10. Regional cerebral tissue desaturations of more than 15% of the pre-induction value, or below 50%, were avoided.
Eighty-two patients were included, and mean depth of anesthesia values using BIS were significantly higher during surgery in the intervention group with 40.6 (7.3) versus 35.4 (6.7) in the control group, mean (standard deviation), p = 0.004. The cognitive function was similar between the treatment and control groups at 6 weeks postoperatively with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) of 27 (26,29) in the intervention group and an MMSE of 29 (27,29) in the control group, median (interquartile range), with p = 0.12. The authors observed a reduction in the incidence of delirium, occurring in 2.4% (n = 1) of patients in the intervention group and in 20% (n = 8) in the control group (p = 0.01).
This pilot trial demonstrates that noninvasive target-controlled depth of anesthesia monitoring is feasible. Cognitive function at 6 weeks showed no difference between the treatment and control groups; however, postoperative delirium was reduced in the intervention group.
The effects of reducing nutrient inputs to lakes and reservoirs are often delayed by hysteresis resulting from internal phosphorus (P) loading from sediments. Consequently, controlling harmful algal ...blooms (HABs) in many eutrophic ecosystems requires additional management to improve water quality. We manipulated iron (Fe) concentrations in a hypereutrophic lake to determine if Fe amendment would suppress HABs by inhibiting P release from sediments. Our experiment consisted of 15 in situ mesocosms, 12 of which each received a different dose of Fe (ranging from 2 to 225 g/m²); the remaining three were unmanipulated to serve as controls. Iron amendment decreased P accumulation in porewaters and the flux of P from sediments, which significantly lowered P concentrations in the water column. Iron exerted significant doseâdependent negative effects on the biomass of phytoplankton and periphyton, and reduced the dominance of cyanobacteria. Even at the lowest doses, Fe appeared to reduce the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms, as measured by concentrations of hepatotoxic microcystins. Overall, our findings highlight the potential for Fe treatment as an effective strategy for minimizing HABs in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. More broadly, our study reinforces the importance of Fe in regulating the trophic state of freshwaters, and the sensitivity of certain ecosystems to changes in Fe supply. Finally, we hypothesize that decreases in natural Fe supplies to lakes associated with anthropogenic activities may worsen outbreaks of toxic cyanobacteria.
The “nutrient pump” Orihel, Diane M.; Schindler, David W.; Ballard, Nathaniel C. ...
Limnology and oceanography,
20/May , Letnik:
60, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Several lines of evidence from a eutrophic lake show how polymixis enables phosphorus (P) released from anoxic, iron (Fe)-poor sediments to lower nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N : P) ratios and stimulate ...cyanobacterial blooms. Detailed sediment analyses revealed extensive formation of Fe sulfides, which suppressed porewater Fe levels and prevented sequestration of P in Fe minerals. Experimental additions of Fe significantly decreased the flux of dissolved P from warm, anoxic sediments, increasing N : P ratios in porewater and overlying water. The net midsummer effect of polymixis and P release from Fe-poor sediments quickly doubled the total P in the euphotic zone during a period of very low external P loading. This internal “nutrient pump” decreased N : P in surface waters and led to a cyanobacterial bloom comprised primarily of diazotrophic Anabaena and Aphanizomenon spp. along with nonheterocystous and potentially toxic Microcystis icthyoblabe and Woronichinia naegelianum. Concentrations of the cyanotoxin, microcystin, in this lake were typically elevated during, or shortly after, episodes of internal P loading. Our study demonstrates an important mechanism underlying the increasing cyanobacterial dominance of weakly stratified eutrophic north temperate lakes, and warns of further increases under a warming climate.
LHS 1140 is a nearby mid-M dwarf known to host a temperate rocky super-Earth (LHS 1140 b) on a 24.737-day orbit. Based on photometric observations by MEarth and Spitzer as well as Doppler ...spectroscopy from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, we report the discovery of an additional transiting rocky companion (LHS 1140 c) with a mass of 1.81 0.39 M⊕ and a radius of 1.282 0.024 R⊕ on a tighter, 3.77795-day orbit. We also obtain more precise estimates for the mass and radius of LHS 1140 b, which are 6.98 0.89 M⊕ and 1.727 0.032 R⊕. The mean densities of planets b and c are 7.5 1.0 g cm−3 and 4.7 1.1 g cm−3, respectively, both consistent with the Earth's ratio of iron to magnesium silicate. The orbital eccentricities of LHS 1140 b and c are consistent with circular orbits and constrained to be below 0.06 and 0.31, respectively, with 90% confidence. Because the orbits of the two planets are coplanar and because we know from previous analyses of Kepler data that compact systems of small planets orbiting M dwarfs are commonplace, a search for more transiting planets in the LHS 1140 system could be fruitful. LHS 1140 c is one of the few known nearby terrestrial planets whose atmosphere could be studied with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.
Summary Yaws is endemic in west Africa, southeast Asia, and the Pacific region. To eradicate yaws by 2020, WHO has launched a campaign of mass treatment with azithromycin. Progress has been made ...towards achievement of this ambitious goal, including the validation of point-of-care and molecular diagnostic tests and piloting of the strategy in several countries, including Ghana, Vanuatu, and Papua New Guinea. Gaps in knowledge need to be addressed to allow refinement of the eradication strategy. Studies exploring determinants of the spatial distribution of yaws are needed to help with the completion of baseline mapping. The finding that Haemophilus ducreyi causes lesions similar to yaws is particularly important and further work is needed to assess the effect of azithromycin on these lesions. The integration of diagnostic tests into different stages of the eradication campaign needs investigation. Finally, studies must be done to inform the optimum mass-treatment strategy for sustainable interruption of transmission.
Background. The human treponematoses are important causes of disease. Mother-to-child transmission of syphilis remains a major cause of stillbirth and neonatal death. There are also almost 100 000 ...cases of endemic treponemal disease reported annually, predominantly yaws. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) would improve access to screening for these diseases. Most RDTs cannot distinguish current and previous infection. The Dual Path Platform (DPP) Syphilis Screen & Confirm test includes both a treponemal (T1) and nontreponemal (T2) component and may improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Methods. We conducted a metaanalysis of published and unpublished evaluations of the DPP-RDT for the diagnosis of syphilis and yaws. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement of the test compared with reference laboratory tests. Results. Nine evaluations, including 7267 tests, were included. Sensitivity was higher in patients with higher titer rapid plasma reagin (≥1:16) for both the T1 (98.2% vs 90.1%, P < .0001) and the T2 component (98.2% vs 80.6%, P < .0001). Overall agreement between the DPP test and reference serology was 85.2% (84.4%–86.1%). Agreement was highest for high-titer active infection and lowest for past infection. Conclusions. The RDT has good sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal and nontreponemal components both in cases of suspected syphilis and yaws, although the sensitivity is decreased at lower antibody titers.
Consumer use of herbal and dietary supplements has recently grown in the United States and, with increased use, reports of rare adverse reactions have emerged. One such supplement is green tea ...extract, containing the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has been shown to be hepatotoxic at high doses in animal models. The Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network has identified multiple patients who have experienced liver injury ascribed to green tea extract consumption and the relationship to dose has not been straightforward, indicating that differences in sensitivity may contribute to the adverse response in susceptible people. The Diversity Outbred (DO), a genetically heterogeneous mouse population, provides a potential platform for study of interindividual toxicity responses to green tea extract. Within the DO population, an equal exposure to EGCG (50 mg/kg; daily for three days) was found to be tolerated in the majority of mice; however, a small fraction of the animals (16%; 43/272) exhibited severe hepatotoxicity (10-86.8% liver necrosis) that is analogous to the clinical cases. The data indicate that the DO mice may provide a platform for informing risk of rare, adverse reactions that may occur in consumer populations upon ingestion of concentrated herbal products.
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