Key message
By deploying a multi-omics approach, we unraveled the mechanisms that might help rice to combat Yellow Stem Borer infestation, thus providing insights and scope for developing YSB ...resistant rice varieties.
Yellow Stem Borer (YSB),
Scirpophaga incertulas
(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major pest of rice, that can lead to 20–60% loss in rice production. Effective management of YSB infestation is challenged by the non-availability of adequate sources of resistance and poor understanding of resistance mechanisms, thus necessitating studies for generating resources to breed YSB resistant rice and to understand rice-YSB interaction. In this study, by using bulk-segregant analysis in combination with next-generation sequencing, Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) intervals in five rice chromosomes were mapped that could be associated with YSB resistance at the vegetative phase in a resistant rice line named SM92. Further, multiple SNP markers that showed significant association with YSB resistance in rice chromosomes 1, 5, 10, and 12 were developed. RNA-sequencing of the susceptible and resistant lines revealed several genes present in the candidate QTL intervals to be differentially regulated upon YSB infestation. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a putative candidate gene that was predicted to encode an alpha-amylase inhibitor. Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolite profiles further revealed a possible link between phenylpropanoid metabolism and YSB resistance. Taken together, our study provides deeper insights into rice-YSB interaction and enhances the understanding of YSB resistance mechanism. Importantly, a promising breeding line and markers for YSB resistance have been developed that can potentially aid in marker-assisted breeding of YSB resistance among elite rice cultivars.
This paper presents the simulation and implementation of multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive. The output harmonic content is reduced by using multilevel inverter. In symmetrical circuit, ...the voltage and power increase with the increase in the number of levels of inverter. The switching angle for the pulse is selected in such way to reduce the harmonic distortion. This drive system has advantages like reduced total harmonic distortion and higher torque. The model of the multilevel inverter system is developed with PWM strategy to control the induction motor. The rate of change of voltage with respect to time i.e. dv/dt is very high at these edges, of the order of 500–5000 V/μs.The two-level inverter topology has attracted attention in low power low voltage drive applications where as Three-Level inverter topology has attracted attention in high power High performances voltage drive applications. Single-phase VSI cover low-range power applications and three-phase VSI cover the medium- to high-power applications. The Main purpose of these three level inverter topologies is to provide a three-phase voltage source, where the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the voltages should always be controllable. Although most of the applications require sinusoidal voltage waveforms.
When used to an electric vehicle (EV), a high-speed motor is a practical means of achieving motor reduction. Since the rotor construction of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) is both simple and ...sturdy, this kind of motor may be used for highvelocity drives. The driving concept is effective, although it causes significant vibration and noise. Torque controllers are notoriously difficult to build because of the complexity introduced by traditional methods of current excitation. It has been suggested that SRM drive may benefit from the fuzzy with vector control in order to get over these issues. In the high-speed drive, vector control has not yet been implemented on the SRM. In this article, fuzzy control is used to clarify the optimal drive conditions—including switching frequency and bus voltage—for operating the SRM in the high-speed range. Fuzzy with vector control is proven to be able to drive the proposed SRM in the high-speed area, allowing for minimum vibration to be achieved.
Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Smartphone Mali, Suraj; Bangale, Kiran; Walekar, Rohan ...
International journal for research in applied science and engineering technology,
7/2022, Letnik:
10, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Transition state between being awake and asleep is called drowsiness. Driver drowsiness is the major cause of traffic crashes and financial losses. This abstract presents a mobile technology using ...smartphones to visual indicators of driver drowsiness, allowing the possibility of making drowsiness detection systems more affordable and portable. This technology uses the front camera of a smartphone to capture images of drivers, and then uses smartphone vision algorithms to detect and track the face and eye of the drivers. Eye blinks are then detected as indicators of driver drowsiness. A simulated driving study showed that drowsy drivers differed significantly in the frequency of and eye blinks, compared to when they were attentive. The smartphone-based Driver-Drowsiness detection technology may have important applications in reducing drowsiness-related improving driving safety. This abstract describes the steps involved in designing and implementing a driver drowsiness detection system based on smartphone. It combines off the-shelf smartphone components for eye state (open vs. closed) classification. Preliminary results show that the system is reliable and tolerant to many real-world constraints. Driver drowsiness is a highly problematic issue which impairs judgment and decision making among drivers resulting in fatal motor crashes. This describes a simple drowsiness detection approach for a smartphone with Android / IOS application using Android Studio 4.4.2. & Mobile Vision API for drowsiness detection before and while driving. Quick facial analysis were performed to check drowsiness before the driver starts driving. Facial analysis was undertaken by eye blinking duration. Blinking duration is used to indicator for drowsiness. A performance accuracy of drossiness detection proved to be around 90%.
The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is conducting a program using multiple telescopes around the world to search for "technosignatures": artificial transmitters of extraterrestrial origin from beyond ...our solar system. The VERITAS Collaboration joined this program in 2018, and provides the capability to search for one particular technosignature: optical pulses of a few nanoseconds duration detectable over interstellar distances. We report here on the analysis and results of dedicated VERITAS observations of Breakthrough Listen targets conducted in 2019 and 2020 and of archival VERITAS data collected since 2012. Thirty hours of dedicated observations of 136 targets and 249 archival observations of 140 targets were analyzed and did not reveal any signals consistent with a technosignature. The results are used to place limits on the fraction of stars hosting transmitting civilizations. We also discuss the minimum-pulse sensitivity of our observations and present VERITAS observations of CALIOP: a space-based pulsed laser onboard the CALIPSO satellite. The detection of these pulses with VERITAS, using the analysis techniques developed for our technosignature search, allows a test of our analysis efficiency and serves as an important proof-of-principle.
We report the detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar S3 1227+25 (VER J1230+253) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). VERITAS ...observations of the source were triggered by the detection of a hard-spectrum GeV flare on May 15, 2015 with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). A combined five-hour VERITAS exposure on May 16th and May 18th resulted in a strong 13\(\sigma\) detection with a differential photon spectral index, \(\Gamma\) = 3.8 \(\pm\) 0.4, and a flux level at 9% of the Crab Nebula above 120 GeV. This also triggered target of opportunity observations with Swift, optical photometry, polarimetry and radio measurements, also presented in this work, in addition to the VERITAS and Fermi-LAT data. A temporal analysis of the gamma-ray flux during this period finds evidence of a shortest variability timescale of \(\tau_{obs}\) = 6.2 \(\pm\) 0.9 hours, indicating emission from compact regions within the jet, and the combined gamma-ray spectrum shows no strong evidence of a spectral cut-off. An investigation into correlations between the multiwavelength observations found evidence of optical and gamma-ray correlations, suggesting a single-zone model of emission. Finally, the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model.
Auto-Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline FeCrO3 Khetre, S. M.; Chopade, A. U.; Jadhav, H. V. ...
2011 International Conference on Nanoscience, Technology and Societal Implications,
2011-Dec.
Conference Proceeding
Nanocrystalline FeCrO 3 with particle size of about 83-123 nm was directly synthesized by sol-gel auto- combustion method at room temperature. The overall process involves three steps: formation of ...homogeneous sol; formation of dried gel; and combustion of the dried gel. Experiments revealed that FeCrO 3 dried gel derived from glycine and nitrate sol exhibits self-propagating combustion at room temperature once it is ignited in air. After auto- combustion, the desired nanocrystalline FeCrO 3 was acquired and no further calcination was needed. The auto- combustion was considered as a heat-induced exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction between nitrate ions and carboxyl group. The synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
