This study employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to conduct research on the ultrastructure of watermelon (cultivar: Hazera SW1) mesocarp samples of different maturities. Micrographs from ...immature fruit showed incompletely formed chromoplasts. A combination of distinct pigment-bearing chromoplasts and incompletely formed chromoplasts was observed in mature watermelon micrographs. Electron micrographs showed chromoplasts changing from a less organized globular form in immature to a symmetrical form in mature to an asymmetrical form in overmature watermelons. This study furthers our understanding of watermelon physiology and the effect of maturity on compartmentalization of lycopene.
Summary Background Transradial access for cardiac catheterisation results in lower bleeding and vascular complications than the traditional transfemoral access route. However, the increased radiation ...exposure potentially associated with transradial access is a possible drawback of this method. Whether transradial access is associated with a clinically significant increase in radiation exposure that outweighs its benefits is unclear. Our aim was therefore to compare radiation exposure between transradial access and transfemoral access for diagnostic coronary angiograms and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases with relevant terms, and cross-referencing relevant articles for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared radiation parameters in relation to access site, published from Jan 1, 1989, to June 3, 2014. Three investigators independently sorted the potentially relevant studies, and two others extracted data. We focused on the primary radiation outcomes of fluoroscopy time and kerma-area product, and used meta-regression to assess the changes over time. Secondary outcomes were operator radiation exposure and procedural time. We used both fixed-effects and random-effects models with inverse variance weighting for the main analyses, and we did confirmatory analyses for observational studies. Findings Of 1252 records identified, we obtained data from 24 published RCTs for 19 328 patients. Our primary analyses showed that transradial access was associated with a small but significant increase in fluoroscopy time for diagnostic coronary angiograms (weighted mean difference WMD, fixed effect: 1·04 min, 95% CI 0·84–1·24; p<0·0001) and PCI (1·15 min, 95% CI 0·96–1·33; p<0·0001), compared with transfemoral access. Transradial access was also associated with higher kerma-area product for diagnostic coronary angiograms (WMD, fixed effect: 1·72 Gy·cm2 , 95% CI −0·10 to 3·55; p=0·06), and significantly higher kerma-area product for PCI (0·55 Gy·cm2 , 95% CI 0·08–1·02; p=0·02). Mean operator radiation doses for PCI with basic protection were 107 μSv (SD 110) with transradial access and 74 μSv (68) with transfemoral access; with supplementary protection, the doses decreased to 21 μSv (17) with transradial access and 46 μSv (9) with transfemoral. Meta-regression analysis showed that the overall difference in fluoroscopy time between the two procedures has decreased significantly by 75% over the past 20 years from 2 min in 1996 to about 30 s in 2014 (p<0·0001). In observational studies, differences and effect sizes remained consistent with RCTs. Interpretation Transradial access was associated with a small but significant increase in radiation exposure in both diagnostic and interventional procedures compared with transfemoral access. Since differences in radiation exposure narrow over time, the clinical significance of this small increase is uncertain and is unlikely to outweigh the clinical benefits of transradial access. Funding None.
Aim: To assess the efficiency of ethylene synthesis and action inhibitors on postharvest shelf life of guava fruits under ambient conditions. Methodology: Mature green guava fruits (P. guajava L. cv. ...Arka Mridula) were harvested and treated with ethylene inhibitors. Various physiological, physical and nutritional changes of the treated fruits in comparison with untreated ones were monitored during ambient temperature storage. Multivariate analysis approach was used for interpreting the data on quality changes during storage. Results: Significant positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed among rates of ethylene production, respiration, ripening and Hunter’s a* value. Biplot from principal component analysis of eleven parameters showed that 1-MCP (500 ppb) treated fruits were grouped together with freshly harvested fruits throughout storage period, and proved superior over other treatments in delaying ripening and quality maintenance. Seven days stored 3.0 mM Salicylic acid and 1.5 mM Sodium nitroprusside treated fruits were grouped together with 5 days stored control fruits, suggesting their effectiveness in extending the shelf life by additional two days. Interpretation: Postharvest application of 1-MCP on guava fruits can extend the shelf life by four days when compared with control. Even PCA indicated that the study of major ripening attributes (L*, a*, b*, Hue, texture, acidity, ethylene rate and respiration rate) was quite sufficient to know the ripening status of the fruits.
Lycopene, a lipophilic antioxidant, plays a crucial role in biological systems. It may play an important role in human biological systems by providing protection against cardiovascular disease and ...some cancers and by boosting the immune system. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) has been validated as an index of antioxidant activity for many hydrophilic antioxidants but not for lycopene. This study validates the ORAC assay for different concentrations of lycopene in the presence of β-cyclodextrin, a water-solubility enhancer. Lyc-O-Mato 6% extract was used as a source of lycopene for these experiments. Lycopene was extracted according to a standard spectrophotometric assay procedure in the presence of β-cyclodextrin at concentrations of 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6%, and the antioxidant activity of lycopene was measured with the ORAC assay. Experiments were conducted in quadruplicate and statistical pooled correlations analyzed. Statistical analysis showed a very high correlation (R 2 = 0.99) between ORAC and ascorbic acid concentrations, validating this method. Lycopene concentration correlated poorly with ORAC (R 2 = 0.33) in the absence of β-cyclodextrin. Correlations improved with increasing levels of β-cyclodextrin (R 2 = 0.58 and 0.91 for 0.4 and 0.8% β-cyclodextrin, respectively). A very high β-cyclodextrin concentration (1.6%) decreased the correlation between ORAC and lycopene concentration. Inclusion of β-cyclodextrin in the ORAC assay improves correlation between ORAC and lycopene concentration, thus expanding the scope of the ORAC assay to include an additional fat-soluble antioxidant. Keywords: ORAC; lycopene; lipophilic antioxidants; β-cyclodextrin
Vascular Closure Device Failure in Contemporary Practice Vidi, Venkatesan D., MD, MPH; Matheny, Michael E., MD, MS, MPH; Govindarajulu, Usha S., PhD ...
JACC. Cardiovascular interventions,
08/2012, Letnik:
5, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objectives The goal of this study was to assess the frequency and predictors of vascular closure device (VCD) deployment failure, and its association with vascular complications of 3 commonly used ...VCDs. Background VCDs are commonly used following percutaneous coronary intervention on the basis of studies demonstrating reduced time to ambulation, increased patient comfort, and possible reduction in vascular complications as compared with manual compression. However, limited data are available on the frequency and predictors of VCD failure, and the association of deployment failure with vascular complications. Methods From a de-identified dataset provided by Massachusetts Department of Health, 23,813 consecutive interventional coronary procedures that used either a collagen plug–based (n = 18,533), a nitinol clip–based (n = 2,284), or a suture-based (n = 2,996) VCD between June 2005 and December 2007 were identified. The authors defined VCD failure as unsuccessful deployment or failure to achieve immediate access site hemostasis. Results Among 23,813 procedures, the VCD failed in 781 (3.3%) procedures (2.1% of collagen plug–based, 6.1% of suture-based, 9.5% of nitinol clip–based VCDs). Patients with VCD failure had an excess risk of “any” (7.7% vs. 2.8%; p < 0.001), major (3.3% vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001), or minor (5.8% vs. 2.1%; p < 0.001) vascular complications compared with successful VCD deployment. In a propensity score–adjusted analysis, when compared with collagen plug–based VCD (reference odds ratio OR = 1.0), nitinol clip–based VCD had 2-fold increased risk (OR: 2.0, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.8 to 2.3, p < 0.001) and suture-based VCD had 1.25-fold increased risk (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.3, p < 0.001) for VCD failure. VCD failure was a significant predictor of subsequent vascular complications for both collagen plug–based VCD and nitinol clip–based VCD, but not for suture-based VCD. Conclusions VCD failure rates vary depending upon the type of VCD used and are associated with significantly higher vascular complications as compared with deployment successes.
To determine research priorities in PICU nutrition, which represent the shared priorities of patients, parents, carers, and PICU healthcare professionals within the United Kingdom.
A national ...multiphase priority setting methodology in partnership with the James Lind Alliance delivered over 16 months (June 2020-September 2021). Part 1: a national scoping survey asked respondents to submit their research uncertainties related to PICU nutrition. Part 2: summarizing and evidence-checking the submitted uncertainties. Part 3: interim prioritization survey. Part 4: consensus workshop.
PICU.
Patients, parents, and carers of patients who had been admitted to PICU, and PICU healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of these patients within the United Kingdom.
None.
A national scoping survey asked respondents to submit their research uncertainties related to PICU nutrition. In the first survey, 165 topic ideas were suggested (12% by parents/carers and 88% by PICU healthcare professionals). These were categorized into 57 summary questions. The existing evidence was searched to ensure that the proposed summary questions had not already been answered. Forty were judged to be true uncertainties following a systematic literature review. These 40 uncertainties were grouped into eight themes for the second interim survey, which asked respondents to prioritize their top research questions. One hundred and forty participants contributed to this second interim survey. A final shortlist of 25 questions was derived, with the top 18 questions taken to a multistakeholder workshop where a consensus was reached on the top 10 priorities.
This research identified important research gaps in the management of patients in PICU. Areas that need to be addressed as a priority include energy requirements in ventilated neonates, nutritional supplementation of probiotics to manage and prevent sepsis, the impact of postintensive care syndrome on nutrition and growth, and when to commence parenteral (IV) nutrition. The challenge now is to refine and deliver answers to these research priorities.
Advanced encryption standard is detailing for data crypto graphing. The algorithm used universally for cryptography and secure data transmission, the algorithm puissant to intruders, who often attack ...via side channels. One of the observed attacks was estimate the power implanted in AES core and processed probable scrutinizing to guess the key on multiple iterations. So in order to elude side channel attacks and reduce power consumed in AES standard, design proposed with masking and pipeline scheme. This design helps in shrinking power consumption as compare to AES algorithm and upgrade to withstand from attacks. Another major improvement in the design is LUT’s used for masking and original algorithm almost equal, area phenomenon also solved out. The proposed algorithm implemented in VERTEX-7 FPGA board and simulated using Xilinx Vivado 2015.2 and Modelsim.
This update, written by authors designated by multiple pediatric endocrinology societies (see List of Participating Societies) from around the globe, concisely addresses topics related to changes in ...GnRHa usage in children and adolescents over the last decade. Topics related to the use of GnRHa in precocious puberty include diagnostic criteria, globally available formulations, considerations of benefit of treatment, monitoring of therapy, adverse events, and long-term outcome data. Additional sections review use in transgender individuals and other pediatric endocrine related conditions. Although there have been many significant changes in GnRHa usage, there is a definite paucity of evidence-based publications to support them. Therefore, this paper is explicitly not intended to evaluate what is recommended in terms of the best use of GnRHa, based on evidence and expert opinion, but rather to describe how these drugs are used, irrespective of any qualitative evaluation. Thus, this paper should be considered a narrative review on GnRHa utilization in precocious puberty and other clinical situations. These changes are reviewed not only to point out deficiencies in the literature but also to stimulate future studies and publications in this area.
The executive summary of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions coronary artery revascularization guideline provides ...the top 10 items readers should know about the guideline. In the full guideline, the recommendations replace the 2011 coronary artery bypass graft surgery guideline and the 2011 and 2015 percutaneous coronary intervention guidelines. This summary offers a patient-centric approach to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing coronary revascularization, as well as the supporting documentation to encourage their use.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2019 to September 2019, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, CINHL Complete, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through May 2021, were also considered. Structure: Recommendations from the earlier percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery guidelines have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians in caring for patients undergoing coronary revascularization. This summary includes recommendations, tables, and figures from the full guideline that relate to the top 10 take-home messages. The reader is referred to the full guideline for graphical flow charts, supportive text, and tables with additional details about the rationale for and implementation of each recommendation, and the evidence tables detailing the data considered in the development of this guideline.
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