Peucedanum praeruptorum seed root is a common medicinal herb with antipyretic, expectorant, antitussive, and therapeutic effects against bronchitis and furuncle. The roots of this herb contain many ...coumarin compounds, including pteryxin.
To investigate whether pteryxin can alleviate the LPS-induced lung injury and the mechanism involved.
Male BALB/C mice were orally given sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) (0.5%, 1mL/100g) and pteryxin (suspended in CMC-Na; 0.5%) at 5, 10, 25 mg/kg once daily for 7 days. Subsequently, the mice received a single intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg LPS or saline as the control. After 8 hours, the mice were sacrificed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues. These samples were used to determine the lung W/D (wet/dry) weight ratio, total protein (TP) levels, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and expression of protein involved in MAPK/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. H&E staining was carried out on tissue sections to explore the pathological alterations induced by LPS. The protein expression of F4/80 and NLRP3 in lung tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The binding of pteryxin to target proteins (MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3) was determined based on molecular docking tests.
Treatment with pteryxin reduced the lung W/D weight ratio, total protein (TP) level and levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 β) significantly. Therefore, it ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory response in BALB/C mice. Moreover, pteryxin suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of proteins involved in MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The expression level of F4/80 and NLRP3 was also downregulated by pteryxin pretreatment in lung tissues. Docking analysis revealed that pteryxin bound to target proteins (MAPK, NF- κB and NLRP3) with a fit-well pattern .
Pteryxin may attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury by dampening MAPK/NF-κB signaling and NLRP 3 inflammasome activation.
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•Pteryxin showed protective effects on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI).•The protective effects of pteryxin on LPS-induced ALI are associated with inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway.•Pteryxin attenuates LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Salix psammophila activated carbon was prepared by three different kinds of activator, and their adosorption of Methylene Blue (MB) have been investigated. Experiments were explored the effects of ...the time, temperature and pH value to adsorption of Methylene Blue, and adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were obtained. The experimental results indicated that adsorption of activated carbon were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The higher pH value and temperature are conducive to the conduct of adsorption.
In accordance with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical guidelines for CKD (2012), the key elements for CKD identification were defined as age, sex, kidney function, and ...urine abnormality. Forms containing demographics (age, sex), laboratory tests (kidney function, albuminuria, proteinuria, hematuria), and diagnosis (ICD-10 codes and texts) in the EHR database were integrated by PERSONKEY. On the basis of the standard terminology of CDM, patients showing at least one of the following manifestations lasting for >3 months were defined as having CKD: (1) reduced kidney function: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL·min−1 · 1.73 m−2); (2) albuminuria: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or urine albumin concentration ≥20 mg/L; (3) proteinuria: urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥150 mg/g, or 24 h proteinuria ≥150 mg/24 h, or urinalysis protein ≥+1; (4) hematuria without non-CKD related causes including urologic neoplasms, urinary tract infection and injury. In total, three tertiary general hospitals, two specialty hospitals (a maternity and children's hospital and an orthopedic hospital), one secondary general hospital, and one community health center were selected.
Taking the Luding Ms6.8 earthquake (EQ) on 5 September 2022 as a case study, we investigated the potential seismic anomalies of the ionosphere, infrared radiation, atmospheric electrostatic field ...(AEF), and hot spring ions in the seismogenic region. Firstly, we analyzed the multi-parameter anomalies in the ionosphere around the epicenter and found synchronous anomalous disturbances in the ground parameters, namely the global ionospheric map (GIM), GPS, TEC, and satellite parameters, such as the He+ and O+ densities on 26 August under relatively quiet solar–geomagnetic conditions (F10.7 < 120 SFU; Kp < 3; Dst > −30 nT; |AE| < 500 nT). Next, both the anomaly analysis of the infrared radiation and AEF, and the survey results of the Luding EQ scientific expedition on the hot spring ions showed pre-seismic anomalous variations at different time periods in the seismogenic region. The characteristics of Earth’s multi-sphere coupling anomalies in temporal evolution and spatial distribution were obvious, which validated the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism. Finally, combining the analysis results and the LAIC mechanism, we suggested that the multi-sphere coupling anomalies were more likely associated with the Luding Ms6.8 EQ, and that the differential motion and the regional crustal stress accumulation between the Chuandian block and the Bayan Har block might have led to this EQ. Furthermore, remote sensing and ground-based monitoring technologies can play an important role in corroborating and compensating each other, while further study of the multi-sphere coupling mechanism will provide a clearer understanding of the seismogenic process for major EQs.
The synthesis, structures, and properties of 4cyclonaphthodithiophene diimides (4C‐NDTIs) are described. NDTIs as important n‐type building blocks were catenated in the α‐positions of thiophene rings ...via an unusual electrochemical‐oxidation‐promoted macrocyclization route. The thiophene–thiophene junction in 4C‐NDTIs results in an ideal pillar shape. This interesting topology, along with appealing electronic and optical properties inherited from the NDTI units, endows the 4C‐NDTIs with both near‐infrared (NIR) light absorptions, strong excitonic coupling, and tight encapsulation of C60. Stable orientations of the NDTI units in the nanopillars lead to stable inherent chirality, which enables detailed circular dichroism studies on the impact of isomeric structures on π‐conjugation. Remarkably, the 4C‐NDTIs maintain the strong π–π stacking abilities of NDTI units and thus adopt two‐dimensional (2D) lattice arrays at the molecular level. These nanopillar molecules have great potential to mimic natural photosynthetic systems for the development of multifunctional organic materials.
Chiral π‐conjugated nanopillar molecules based on naphthodithiophene diimide feature rigid pillar shapes along with a wealth of unique optical and chiral properties, which render them ideal building blocks for constructing important two‐dimensional supramolecular architectures.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) have the potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing immune tolerance. However, the mechanism of intervention needs further study. Here, we ...investigated whether tolDCs formed microchimerism and their effect on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules after infusion of tolDCs into rats with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). TolDCs derived from male SD rats were labeled with fluorescence and infused into female CIA rats. The fluorescence signals as well as the sex‐determining region of Y‐chromosome (SRY) gene revealed that tolDCs formed microchimerism in the mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. We further explored the effect of tolDCs on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. For stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, the expressions of CD86 and CD40 decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expressions of CD40, CD40L, CD28, CD80, and CD86 also decreased in rat ankle joints. In contrast, the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule PDL1 increased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 increased in ankle joints. In conclusion, our results suggested that intervention of tolDCs in CIA is associated with the formation of microchimerism and the effect on immune checkpoints.
Bone marrow‐derived tolerogenic dendritic cells from male SD rats ameliorate symptoms of arthritis and form microchimerism at critical sites. These tolDCs have important effects on immune checkpoint molecules in lymph nodes and ankle joints. These results provide a possible explanation for tolDCs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have several attractive properties as a drug delivery system, such as ordered porous structure, large surface area, controllable particle size as well as ...interior and exterior dual-functional surfaces. The purpose of this study was to develop novel lactosaminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Lac-MSNs) for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeted anticancer drug delivery.
Lac-MSNs with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm were prepared by conjugation of lactose with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane modified MSNs. Characterization of Lac-MSNs indicated a huge Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (1012 m(2)/g), highly ordered 2D hexagonal symmetry, an unique mesoporous structure with average pore size of 3.7 nm. The confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analysis illustrated Lac-MSNs were effectively endocytosed by ASGPR-positive hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7721. In contrast, non-selective endocytosis of Lac-MSNs was found in ASGPR-negative NIH 3T3 cells. The cellular uptake study showed the internalization process was energy-consuming and predominated by clathrin-mediated pathway. Model drug docetaxel (DTX) was loaded in the mesopores of Lac-MSNs by wetness impregnation method. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that DTX transported by Lac-MSNs effectively inhibited the growth of HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells in a time- and concentration- dependent manner.
These results demonstrated that Lac-MSNs could be a promising inorganic carrier system for targeted intracellular anti-cancer drug delivery.
Service recommendation is key to improving users’ online experience. The development of the Internet has accelerated the creation of many services, and whether users can obtain good experiences among ...the massive number of services mainly depends on the quality of service recommendation. It is commonly believed that deep learning has excellent nonlinear fitting ability in capturing the complex interactions between users and items. The advantage in learning intricacy relationships enables deep learning to become an important technology for present service recommendation. Recently, it is noticed that linear models can perform almost as well as the state-of-the-art deep learning models, suggesting that capturing linear relationships between users and items is also very important for recommender systems. Therefore, numerous deep learning systems combined with linear models have been proposed. However, existing models are incapable of considering the size of the embedding. When the embedding dimension is too large, it leads to overfitting and thus influences the model’s ability to capture linear relationships. In this paper, a neural network based on two-layer matrix factorization and multi-layer perceptron—Two-layer Matrix factorization and Multi-layer perceptron Neural Network (TMMNN)—is proposed. To solve the problem of overfitting caused by an oversized embedding dimension, multi-size embedding technology has been integrated into the model. Matrix factorization and the multi-layer perceptron are placed in the upper and lower layers respectively, and they both receive embedding vectors dynamically adjusted for dimensions. In the upper layer, the matrix factorization is responsible for receiving the embedding of users and items, capturing linear relationships, and then yielding the generated new vectors as input to the multi-layer perceptron in the lower layer. Compared to other previously proposed models, the experimental results on the standard datasets MovieLens 20M and MovieLens Latest show that the TMMNN model is evidently better in terms of prediction accuracy.
Soil is an essential part of the critical zone, and soil-microbe-plant system serves as a key link among lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. As one of the habitats with the richest ...biodiversity, soil plays a critical role in element biogeo- chemistry on the earth surface （weathered crust）. Here we review the soil biological processes that are relevant to mineral weathering, element cycling, and transformation, with an emphasis on rock weathering mediated by soil microbes, plant root and the rhizosphere.
A novel solid SEDDS matrix containing FNB was originally developed by employing mesoporous silica SBA-15 as the inert reservoir, and a uniform O/W microemulsion was formed when the solid matrix was ...introduced to aqueous media under mild agitation.
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•Well-ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 was synthesized and originally used as inert reservoir for SEDDS.•The solid SEDDS matrix well retained the self-emulsifying ability, formed a uniform O/W microemulsion when introduced to aqueous media.•The SEDDS matrix showed faster in vitro release rate than the raw powder and commercial capsule.•The bioavailability of solid SEDDS matrix was about 4-fold greater than that of commercial products.
Mesoporous silica Santa Barbara amorphous-15 (SBA-15), derived from supermolecular assemblies of surfactant Pluronic® P123 with well-ordered 2-D hexagonal pores, was investigated as a reservoir to construct a novel solid self-emulsifying matrix for enhancing the oral bioavailability of fenofibrate (FNB). The emulsification rate and droplet size of a liquid self-emulsifying delivery system (SEDDS) were analyzed for optimization. SBA-15 was then added to the ethanol solution containing liquid SEDDS, and the obtained suspension changed into solid SEDDS matrix via solvent evaporation. The characterizations by SEM and XRD revealed that the solid matrix consisted of particles with smooth surface and FNB was completely transformed into molecular or amorphous state in the formulation. When introduced to aqueous media under gentle agitation, the solid matrix exhibited excellent self-emulsification properties and formed a uniform microemulsion with mean diameter of 117.35±2.33nm. The solid SEDDS matrix showed faster in vitro release rate than the raw powder and commercial capsule. The absorption of FNB delivered by solid SEDDS matrix was significantly improved in beagle dogs, and its Cmax and AUC values were about 8- and 4-fold greater than those of commercial products, respectively. In conclusion, SBA-15 emerged as a promising reservoir for SEDDS to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, which may provide a new strategy for advanced therapies.
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