The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment aims to measure the fragmentation cross-section of protons into H, C, O targets at beam energies of interest for hadrontherapy (50-250 MeV for H and ...50-400 MeV/u for C ions).
Given the short range of the fragments, an inverse kinematic approach requiring precise tracking capabilities in a magnetic volume has been chosen.
A key subsystem of this experiment will be the Microstrip Silicon Detector, based on 3 X-Y measuring station, each composed of two 150
μm
thick single side microstrip sensors. In this work, we present the results of characterization of the new version of a 64 channel low-noise/low power high dynamic range readout ASIC and subsequent tests of the first 150 um thick sensor prototype.
A series of tests were also performed to validate a novel “grazing angle” approach, where it is possible to change the track length below a given strip varying the incoming particle’s incident angle onto the sensor to test the electronics dynamic range without using high Z ions.
•Gasification releases about 45%w alkaline earth metals in driftwood.•Combustion releases about 55%w alkaline earth metals in driftwood.•Gasification and combustion release respectively 65% and 80% ...of alkali metals.•Pyrolysis at 600°C has a low release of chlorine, calcium and magnesium.
The annual production of driftwood in Italy has been estimated to be more than 60,000 tonnes. This wood can be used as an energy source. Particular attention should be paid to its content of alkali and alkaline earth metals, sulfur and chlorine. Few works are available in the literature on this topic. For this reason, the authors propose experimental tests of combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, to evaluate the fate of alkali and alkaline earth metals, sulfur and chlorine in the solid residues and compare the three thermal degradation technologies. The results show a release of alkaline earth metals of about 45% of the initial quantity for gasification and a release of 55% of the initial quantity for combustion (while pyrolysis at 600°C has a very low release). The release of sodium is about 65% for gasification and 80% for combustion. It can be seen that the release of sodium is higher than that of alkaline earth metals; this is due to the divalency of the last ones. Dealing with the release of major elements (chlorine, sulfur and AAEMs) the tests have shown that pyrolysis process is a low emitting technology.
The European Union (EU) set a binding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target for transportation biofuels and other bioliquids. In this study, the GHG emissions of biodiesel chain from ...sunflower, rapeseed and soybean were calculated in compliance with the European Union Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC (RED).
Input data used for the agricultural step were referred to the Umbrian region for sunflower and rapeseed and to the Veneto region for soybean, while data obtained from the main Italian biodiesel plants were employed for the processing step. Results showed that GHG emissions were higher than default values reported in the RED for sunflower and rapeseed and lower for soybean. Only sunflower biodiesel does not reach the minimum value of GHG saving (35%). The main differences with data used in the RED concern cultivation step, while the processing step has overall the same values of GHG emissions. Finally, three case studies were examined in order to identify possible improvements to make the analyzed supply chains more sustainable.
► GHG balance of biodiesel from sunflower, rapeseed and soya was analyzed. ► Cultivation has the highest environmental impact for sunflower and rapeseed chains. ► Typical Italian data were adopted for cultivation and processing steps. ► GHG emissions were lower than RED default values for soya biodiesel. ► Cogeneration for the processing plant can greatly increase GHG saving.
In the absence of a functional barrier, mineral oil hydrocarbons from printing inks and recycled fibres tend to migrate from paper-based food-packaging materials through the gas phase into dry food. ...Concentrations easily far exceed the limit derived from the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Since the estimation of long-term migration into the food by testing at 40°C for 10 days is difficult, it seems preferable (and easier) to use the mineral oil content in the paperboard. Evaporation experiments showed that hydrocarbons eluted up to about n-C
24
are sufficiently volatile for relevant migration into dry food: in worst-case situations, about 80% migrate into the packed food. The extraction of the paperboard was optimised to give good recovery of the relevant hydrocarbons, but to discriminate against those of high molecular mass which tend to disturb gas chromatographic analysis in on-line coupled normal phase HPLC-GC-FID. Even though some of the relevant hydrocarbons had already evaporated, the average concentration of < C
24
mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in the paperboard boxes of 102 products from the Swiss and Italian market was 626 mg kg
−1
. Nearly 15% of investigated boxes still contained more than 1000 mg kg
−1
< C
24
MOSH up to over 3000 mg kg
−1
(maximum = 3500 mg kg
−1
). This amount of MOSH in the board have the potential of contaminating the packed food at a level exceeding the limit, derived from the JECFA ADI, hundreds of times.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyse and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Today, CFD plays a decisive ...role in the cycling industry, which affects not only bicycle manufacturers, but also, above all, bicycle component suppliers. In fact, aerodynamic research takes place not only in the cyclist’s best riding position, but also in the design of the components and frames that make up a racing bike. The frame design is essential both for its ability to oppose the aerodynamic resistance and to adapt the cyclist to the best geometry. Among the multiple outlets of the method, the simulation of external aerodynamic flows shows a fundamental importance for the understanding of the role played by the design of the bicycle. Once a numerical analysis was set correctly, it was then possible to predict with good reliability the fluid dynamic behaviour of an entire structure without the need to use experimental approaches every time. The main aim of this study consists of the validation of a numerical model through experiments conducted on a scale model of a latest generation cycling frame in an open chamber wind tunnel by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. In particular, the scale model used was investigated in two specific regions. The experimental data were compared to numerical results obtained employing turbulence model, and the validated numerical tool was subsequently applied to estimate the drag coefficient of two different types of handlebars (aerodynamic and standard versions). The standard cylindrical handlebar folds were replaced by products made of composite and with the most innovative and modern shapes, able to significantly reduce the aerodynamic resistance values. Indeed, in the design phase, the measurement of the drag coefficient is a fundamental procedure. As expected, the presence of aerodynamic profiles generated a low drag coefficient, one of the most important aerodynamic conditions.
This study investigates the possibility to reuse finished leather scraps, produced by the leather goods industry during the cutting phase, for the preparation of innovative panels for thermal-noise ...building insulation. Experimental panels were prepared by chipping the leather cuttings, using polyvinylacetate binder, and pressing the paste in a mold through a mechanical press. Boards were tested for thermal and acoustic performance, thermal stability, hygrothermal, wettability and ignitability properties. Acoustic measurements by means of a Kundt’s tube, and thermal characterization by means of a small hot–box system were performed. The measured thermal conductivity was 0.104 W/(mK) and 0.108 W/(mK) for the 45 °C and 50 °C set-up hot temperatures, respectively. Concerning the acoustic performance, two panels with thickness of 18-mm and 28-mm were produced: they were characterized by a noise reduction coefficient of 0.46 and 0.20 and transmission loss values in the range of 25–33 dB and 25–42 dB, respectively. Results revealed that the leather cutting waste panels were characterized by interesting thermal and acoustic performance, which are of the same order of magnitude of other residual-based insulation panels. The other analyzed properties confirmed the potential application in building insulation.
NA62 RICH performance: measurement and optimization Anzivino, G.; Barbanera, M.; Bizzeti, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the NA62 experiment at CERN SPS was commissioned in 2014, but the optimal performance was achieved in 2016 after the precise mirror alignment with reconstructed ...tracks. The measurement and monitoring of basic performance parameters is discussed: ring radius resolution, ring centre resolution, single hit resolution and mean number of hits per ring. The performance is measured with 2016 data on the positron sample. Different contributions to the resolutions are calculated.
The role of the NA62 RICH in the BR(K+→π+νν̄) measurement Volpe, R.; Anzivino, G.; Aisa, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The NA62 experiment aims to measure the BR(K+→π+νν̄) with a 10% precision. One of the main backgrounds comes from the decay K+→μ+ν, therefore a highly powerful pion/muon separation is needed. The ...NA62 RICH, together with the calorimeter system, provides an accurate particle identification which has been essential to obtain the first results of the NA62 K+→π+νν̄ analysis, based on 2016 data. Two different algorithms have been exploited which, used in combination, allowed to get a pion reconstruction and identification efficiency of 75%, with a muon suppression factor of about 500, in the momentum range 15–35 GeV/c.
Status of the NA62 ring imaging Cherenkov detector Cenci, P.; Anzivino, G.; Aisa, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS is a key element of particle identification in the NA62 experimental strategy. The detector fulfills different conditions: ...to distinguish pions from muons with a muon rejection factor of O(102) in the NA62 momentum range of operation, between 15 and 35 GeV/c; to measure particle arrival time in the decay region with a precision better than 100 ps; to provide fast signals and reference time to the NA62 trigger system. The main design aspects and functional characteristics, as well as the performance of the detector measured with the data taken in the first NA62 physics runs, will be summarized in this paper.
•The NA62 experiment aims to measure the branching ratio of the K+→π+νν¯ decay.•The NA62 RICH performance fulfills the experiment requirements.•Pion–muon identification is performed with a muon rejection factor of O(102).•Time resolution with precision better than 100 ps is achieved.•The RICH is a key element to select charged particles in the trigger system.
PDF
