Red, black and white seeds quinoa were germinated at 28 °C during 24 (G1), 48 and 72 h (G3). Red quinoa presented a higher percentage of germination with a value of 46% of germination at 72 h. Quinoa ...protein isolate (QPI) was obtained by alkaline extraction (pH 8.0) followed by an isoelectric precipitation (pH 4.5) from white, red and black quinoa seeds, germinated QPI-G1 or QPI-G3 and non-germinated QPI-NG,
Willd var. Real. QPI-G1, QPI-G3 and QPI-NG were subject to a simulated gastric digestion (DG) and in vitro duodenal digestion (DD). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods. Gastric and duodenal digest of QPI-NG and QPI-G1 and QPI-G3 from white, red and black quinoa presented antioxidant activity. QPI-G1-DD of white quinoa presented the highest antioxidant activity with a DPPH value of 167.98 µmoL TE/g of digest, QPI-G1-DD of red quinoa with an ABTS value of 204.86 µmoL TE/g of digest and QPI-G1-DD of black quinoa with an ORAC value of 401.42 µmoL TE/g of digest. QPI-G3-DD of white quinoa presented higher antioxidant activity with a DPPH value of 186.28 µmoL TE/g of sample, QPI-G3-DD of red quinoa with an ABTS value of 144.06 µmoL TE/g of digest and QPI-G3-DD of black quinoa with an ORAC value of 395.14 µmoL TE/g of digest. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the zebrafish embryo model (
) was evaluated. Protein profiles of QPI from white, red and black from germinated quinoa and non-germinated quinoa were similar with proteins between 10 kDa to 100 kDa with the presence of globulins 11S and 7S and 2S albumins.
Introduction. The production potential of grain amaranth has recently been demonstrated in northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. This crop under irrigation and in a temperate semi-arid climate showed an ...adequate development of the plants in their different phenological stages with high economic performance.Objectives. This study explored the response of Amaranthus cruentus cv Mexicano to different irrigation frequencies in the lower valley of Río Negro river, Patagonia, Argentina. Method. The experimental design was of three blocks with randomized treatments (subplots), each one corresponding to a different irrigation frequency. The first six irrigations were performed every 7 days for all the treatments, to ensure the establishment of the crop. Then the following treatments were applied: irrigation every 7 days (FI), every 14 days (FII), and every 21 days (FIII). The following biometric variables and their components were measured: height of plant, number of leaves, biomass and economic yield. Results. The results suggest that the optimum irrigation frequency was FII (14 days), resulting in an adequate plant stand at panicle initiation and allows a proper development of plant with optimal biological and economical yields and the highest efficiency of water use (4.02 kg·m-3). Conclusions. The contributions of this study demonstrated the production potential of A. cruentus crop in the lower valley of the Río Negro river under irrigation, representing the southernmost study on irrigation frequency made for this grain crop in the world. A management of irrigation water of 7 days for the establishment of the crop and then with a frequency of 14 days showed the highest yield and the best water use efficiency.
Fréquence d'irrigation de l'amarante dans le nord-est de la Patagonie, ArgentineIntroduction. Récemment, il a été démontré le potentiel de la culture d’amarante en Patagonie du Nord, en Argentine. Cette culture sous irrigation et en climat tempéré semi-aride a montré un développement adéquat des plantes dans leurs différents stades phénologiques avec des performances économiques élevéesObjectifs. Cette étude a exploré la réponse de Amaranthus cruentus cv Mexicano à une fréquence différente d’irrigation dans la basse vallée de la rivière Río Negro, en Patagonie, en Argentine.Méthode. Un modèle expérimental de trois blocs avec des traitements randomisés (sous-parcelles), chacun correspondant à différentes fréquences d'irrigation, a été appliqué. Les six premières irrigations pour tous les traitements effectués tous les 7 jours eurent pour but d'assurer l'implantation de la culture. Ensuite, la FI a maintenu cette fréquence, la FII tous les 14 jours et FIII tous les 21 jours. Les variables biométriques suivantes et leurs composants ont été mésurés : hauteur de la plante, nombre de feuilles, biomasse et rendement économique. Résultats. Les résultats suggèrent que FII est la fréquence d'irrigation optimale. Cette fréquence d'irrigation génère un peuplement adéquat à l'initiation des panicules et permet un développement correct de la plante avec des rendements biologiques et économiques optimaux et la meilleure efficacité d'utilisation de l'eau (4,02 kg·m-3).Conclusions. Cette étude a démontré le potentiel de culture de A. cruentus dans la basse vallée de la rivière Río Negro, représentant l'étude de la densité d’installation réalisée pour cette culture de céréales la plus australe au monde. Une gestion de l'eau d'irrigation de 7 jours pour la mise en place de la culture puis avec une fréquence de 14 jours a montré le rendement le plus élevé et la meilleure efficacité d'utilisation de l'eau.
Amaranth protein concentrate (APC) was hydrolyzed under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. APC proteins were partially degraded by pepsin at pHs 1.2, 2.0, and 3.2. During the intestinal phase ...(pepsin/pancreatin enzymes at pH 7.0), no polypeptide bands were observed in the gel, suggesting the susceptibility of amaranth proteins to the action of digestive enzymes. The potent in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation, shown by the gastric and intestinal digests, was confirmed in the zebrafish larvae, with a 72.86% reduction in oxidation of lipids in the presence of the gastric hydrolysate at pH 2.0, compared to a 95.72% reduction in the presence of the gastrointestinal digest. APC digests were capable of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the zebrafish embryo model with a value of fluorescence of 52.5% for the gastric hydrolysate, and 48.4% for the intestinal hydrolysate.
This article explores the response of three genotypes of Amaranthus to different sowing date and to different doses of nitrogen (N) fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized complete ...block design with three replicates for cultivars, planting date and fertilization per treatment. Mexicano sown in early December had the best yield (5285 kg ha
-1
) with highly significant differences (p < 0.001) respect to Dorado and Antorcha. To assess the N fertilization Mexicano cultivar was sown at the end of spring (1 December). Morphophysiological variables increased as the N fertilization dose was raised. Higher doses of N fertilizer resulted in greater economic yields this was mainly due to the increase in grain number rather than that of a 1000 grain weight. The results of this investigation suggest that sowing Amaranthus cruentus cv Mexicano on 1 December with 150 kg N ha
−1
favors its general development and allows to obtain high economic and biological yields with an appropriate protein content.
Background Amaranth is a crop that can be grown in different soils and climates, being resistant to high temperatures, drought, and some pests. The amaranth plant has nutritional qualities and ...desirable biological properties. Aim of the study The aim of the study is to investigate the potential antitumor properties of Amaranthus-mantegazzianus-protein isolate (MPI) and to elucidate the possible mechanism of action. Methods We use four different tumor-derived and in vitro-transformed cell lines with different morphology and tumorigenicity (MC3T3E1, UMR106, Caco-2, and TC7). Results The MPI showed an antiproliferative effect on four cell lines with different potencies. The tumor-cell line UMR106 was the most sensitive (IC₅₀: 1 mg/ml). This antiproliferative effect of the MPI was enhanced by protease treatment (IC₅₀: 0.5 after 30% hydrolysis). In addition, the MPI produced morphological changes and caused a rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in UMR106 cell line. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action, we observed that the MPI inhibited cell adhesion and induced apoptosis and necrosis in the UMR106 cell line. In reversibility studies, we were able to observe both temporary and permanent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on the part of the MPI, depending on its concentration. Conclusions we report a protein isolate from the seeds of Amaranthus mantegazzianus that exhibit potential antitumor properties and propose a putative mechanism of action.
The aim of this study was to evaluate Andean blueberries (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) from Ecuador as a potential functional ingredient for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The analysis of ...bioactive compounds by HPLC–DAD–MSn determined a high content of (poly)phenols, mainly anthocyanins, and the presence of the carotenoid lutein. Regarding its biological properties, Andean blueberry did not show toxicity by the zebrafish embryogenesis test, showing also a lack of the antinutrients lectins. Moreover, the results of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant capacity evaluation suggested its possibility to be used as natural antioxidant. This fruit also exhibited antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in low doses. Finally, in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion showed a partial bioaccessibility of (poly) phenols (~50% at the final step), showing high antioxidant capacity in the different GI phases. These results revealed Andean blueberry as an interesting candidate for being used as a functional ingredient and the development of further in vivo and clinical assays.
ABSTRACT In Argentina there have been few evaluations of Andean pseudocereal plantings. This study explored the response of Amaranthus cruentus cv Mexicano to different plant densities under furrow ...irrigation in the lower valley of the river Negro, Patagonia, Argentina. The experimental design consisted of 3 blocks with randomized treatments (subplots), each one corresponding to different plant density. The treatments were sown in rows with spacing of 0.70 m (one row per ridge) and others with a spacing of 0.35 m (two rows per ridge). The plant densities evaluated were: 70,800 - 84,200 - 97,700 - 116,000 - 114,000 - 225,300 and 394,000 plants ha-1. Different biometric variables and their components were measured: plant height, number of leaves, biomass and economic yield. The results suggest that the optimum plant density was 116,000 plants ha-1 with a row spacing of 0.70 m. This density produces an adequate plant stand from which to harvest optimal biological and economical yields. The contributions of this study demonstrated the potential of the A. cruentus crop in the lower valley of the river Negro, representing the southernmost study of plant density made for this pseudocereal in the world.
•Porcine cytomegalovirus circulates in wild boars from Northeast Patagonia.•Higher infection rate in piglets than in adults.•Seasonal variation, viral detection increases during the autumn.
Porcine ...cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a recognized pathogen of domestic swine that is widely distributed around the world. PCMV is the etiological agent of inclusion body rhinitis and has also been associated with other diseases that cause substantial losses in swine production. Wild boar populations can act as reservoirs of numerous infectious agents that affect pig livestock, including PCMV. The aim of this work was to assess the circulation of this virus in free-living wild boars that inhabit Northeastern Patagonia (Buenos Aires and Río Negro Provinces), Argentina. Nested-PCR assays were conducted to evaluate the presence of PCMV in samples of tonsil tissue collected from 62 wild boar individuals. It was found that the overall rate of infection was about 56%, with significant higher values (almost 90%) in the age group corresponding to piglets (animals less than 6 months old). In addition, a seasonal variation was observed in the PCMV detection rate, with an increase during the transition from summer to autumn. In conclusion, this study confirmed that wild boars are major carriers and dispersal agents of PCMV in Northeastern Patagonia, which raises the necessity to evaluate the extent to which this virus affects local livestock production.
El citomegalovirus porcino (CMVP) es un reconocido patógeno de los cerdos domésticos y cuenta con una amplia distribución mundial. Es el agente etiológico de la rinitis por cuerpos de inclusión y también se lo ha asociado con otras enfermedades que causan pérdidas sustanciales en la producción porcina. Las poblaciones de jabalíes pueden actuar como reservorios de numerosos agentes infecciosos que afectan al ganado porcino, incluido el CMVP. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la circulación de este virus en jabalíes de vida libre que habitan en la región noreste de la Patagonia argentina, en las provincias de Buenos Aires y Río Negro. Se realizaron ensayos de PCR anidada para evaluar la presencia de CMVP en muestras de tejido de amígdalas tomadas de 62 jabalíes. Se encontró que la tasa general de infección fue de aproximadamente el 56%, con valores significativamente más altos (casi el 90%) en el grupo de edad correspondiente a los lechones (animales con menos de 6meses). Además, se observó una variación estacional en la tasa de detección de CMVP, con un incremento durante la transición de verano a otoño. En conclusión, este estudio confirmó que los jabalíes son importantes portadores y agentes de dispersión del CMVP en el noreste patagónico, lo cual plantea la necesidad de evaluar en qué medida este virus afecta la producción ganadera local.
Wild boars can act as a reservoir of pathogenic viruses that affect the pig industry. Here, we assessed the presence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus 1, and torque teno sus virus k2a in ...wild boars in northeastern Patagonia (Argentina). Total DNA was extracted from the tonsils of 27 animals (collected between early 2016 and mid-2019) and used to prepare sample pools, which were subjected to viral detection through two-round PCR assays. Sequencing of the amplification products and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the occurrence of all of the aforementioned infectious agents.
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