•Civic capital is associated with higher social distancing compliance during COVID-19.•This holds across US counties, a survey of US individuals, and European regions.•The effect is in addition to ...any impact of political ideology, age, or education.•In high civic capital areas social distancing persisted after the mandate was lifted.
Using mobile phone and survey data, we show that during the early phases of COVID-19, voluntary social distancing was greater in areas with higher civic capital and amongst individuals exhibiting a higher sense of civic duty. This effect is robust to including controls for political ideology, income, age, education, and other local-level characteristics. This result is present for U.S. individuals and U.S. counties as well as European regions. Moreover, we show that after U.S. states began re-opening, high civic capital counties maintained a more sustained level of social distancing, while low civic capital counties did not. Finally, we show that U.S. individuals report a higher tendency to use protective face masks in high civic capital counties. Our evidence points to the importance of considering the level of civic capital in designing public policies not only in response to pandemics, but also more generally.
Summary
A 65‐year‐old pluripathological woman attended our hospital with a cutaneous eruption of sudden appearance after vancomycin treatment. She presented targetoid lesions affecting approximately ...25–30% of her body surface, large erosions with mucosal lesions and positive Nikolsky sign. Under the initial clinical suspicion of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and considering the recent literature of successful use of etanercept in these cases, she was treated with a single dose of this antitumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agent. Subsequently, the exanthema progression stopped and resolution of the lesions happened in a few days. Later on, histopathology revealed a subepidermal blister with dense neutrophilic infiltrate and linear deposits of immunoglobulin A (IgA) on the dermoepidermal junction, allowing us to establish the diagnosis of drug‐induced linear IgA dermatosis mimicking TEN. Linear IgA dermatosis can have severe clinical manifestations, even mimicking TEN, and can have high mortality, especially in drug‐induced cases. We have not found any other report of linear IgA dermatosis treated with etanercept in the English literature. Anti‐TNF medications could represent useful therapeutic alternatives in this dermatosis.
What's already known about this topic?
Linear IgA dermatosis is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis that can have multiple clinical presentations including a severe one that mimics toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Drug‐induced cases are frequently more serious.
Apart from drug suspension no medication has been proven to modify its natural course.
What does this study add?
We could not find any previous report of linear IgA dermatosis treated with etanercept.
We report a more rapid than expected improvement of this disease, which we believe was due to this therapy.
This could point to a more important role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in this dermatosis.
Anti‐TNF agents could represent alternative therapies.
Politics may color interpretations of facts, and thus perceptions of risk. We find that a higher share of Trump voters in a county is associated with lower perceptions of risk during the COVID-19 ...pandemic. Controlling for COVID-19 case counts and deaths, as Trump's vote share rises in the local area, individuals search less for information on the virus and its potential economic impacts, and engage in fewer visits to non-essential businesses. Our results suggest that politics and the media may play an important role in determining the formation of risk perceptions, and may therefore affect both economic and health-related reactions to unanticipated health crises.
The objective of this study was to analyse the sun exposure habits of elite aquatics athletes, together with their sunburn history and skin examination habits, taking into account differences by sex ...and between sports. A cross-sectional health survey was conducted at world championship events during which elite surfers, windsurfers and Olympic sailors from 30 different countries were invited to participate. The athletes were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire focused on sun protection habits, sun exposure and sports practices. The survey was completed by 240 athletes, 171 men (71.3%) and 69 women (28.8%), with a mean age of 22 years (SD 5.86) and skin phototypes I (6.3%), II (3.3%), III (22.0%), IV (32.5%), V (9.2%) and VI (1.7%). There were significant differences between male and female athletes in skin self-examination (
p
< 0.001) and in the use of sunglasses (
p
< 0.001). In sunburn history during the last season, there were significant differences (
p
< 0.001) among the three sports analysed, in both sexes. The mean rate of sunburn during the previous season was 76.7%, and 27.5% of participants reported having experienced three or more sunburns that lasted at least 1 day. This type of athlete is at high risk of sunburn and hence of future skin cancer. However, there is a general lack of awareness of this risk. This study highlights the need to inform such athletes and to raise awareness of the dangers, through educational interventions on the importance of protecting against sunburn in order to reduce the future incidence of skin cancer.
Black garlic (BG) is obtained by the Maillard reaction under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. This study describes the traditional processing (TT-BG) and the use of ohmic heating ...(OH) as pre-treatment (OH-BG) to improve time processing. Physicochemical composition and sensory properties were of particular interest in this study. The OH as a pretreatment causes the hydrolysis of fructans to fructose, which are degraded during storage under traditional treatment conditions (70 °C/94% RH) through the Maillard reaction causing the faster formation of compounds responsible for the color of black garlic compared to black garlic without pre-treatment. This reaction cuts down the time to attain the characteristic color of black garlic from 30 to 12 days. The 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) content was 3.6 times higher in OH-BG than in TT-BG. The polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity did not show differences between TT-BG and OH-BG, but their levels were superior to commercial sample. Both products (OH-BG and TT-BG) were sweet (36.8 and 31.6 °Bx, respectively) and had an excellent organoleptic acceptance (75 and 70%). These results highlight the potential of ohmic heating pretreatment in reducing the time to obtain good quality BG.
•OH pre-treatment reduces BG-time processing from 30 to 12 days.•Flavor and general acceptability were better evaluated in OH pre-treated BG.•OH-BG samples have more polyphenols and antioxidant capacity than commercial ones.•OH non-thermal effect facilitates the hydrolysis of fructans to fructose in the time.
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