The aim of this review is to provide, whenever possible, a complete picture of the evolution of methods and systems for data readout, acquisition, and transfer at experimental nuclear physics setups ...over recent years for specialists who use electronics in experiments or measurements in applied research. In view of the large body of information, this review is divided into two parts; medium (according to the contemporary measures) and large systems for nuclear physics setups and accelerator experiments are considered in this, the second, part. Both parts have a common classification table and common numbering of cited papers and figures.
The aim of this review is to provide, whenever possible, a complete picture of the evolution of methods and systems for data readout, acquisition, and transfer at experimental nuclear physics setups ...over recent years for specialists who use electronics in experiments or measurements in applied research. In view of the large body of information this review is divided into two parts; small and geographically distributed systems are mainly considered in the first part. Both parts have a common classification table and common numbering of cited papers and figures.
A real signal and its states Basiladze, S. G.
Physics of particles and nuclei,
05/2017, Letnik:
48, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The paper describes the general physical theory of signals, carriers of information, which supplements Shannon’s abstract classical theory and is applicable in much broader fields, including nuclear ...physics. It is shown that in the absence of classical noise its place should be taken by the physical threshold of signal perception for objects of both macrocosm and microcosm. The signal perception threshold allows the presence of subthreshold (virtual) signal states. For these states, Boolean algebra of logic (
A
= 0/1) is transformed into the “algebraic logic” of probabilities (0 ≤
a
≤ 1). The similarity and difference of virtual states of macroand microsignals are elucidated. “Real” and “quantum” information for computers is considered briefly. The maximum information transmission rate is estimated based on physical constants.
A first alignment of the LHCb Vertex Locator has been obtained from beam induced tracks at the LHC. A 450
GeV/
c protons were collided on a beam absorber during the LHC synchronisation tests of the ...anti-clockwise beam in August and September 2008. The resulting particle tracks have been reconstructed by the Vertex Locator. This was the first full reconstruction of tracks induced by the LHC beam. The quality of the data obtained is discussed. A total of 2200 tracks were reconstructed from the full data sample, and a first spatial alignment was obtained. The detector is aligned to an accuracy of
5
μ
m
in the sensor plane. The results confirm that all detector modules have not been displaced from their surveyed positions by more than
10
μ
m
.
The purpose of this review is to give experts, who use electronic techniques in experiments or measurements in applied areas, whenever it is possible, a complete picture of the past five-year rapid ...development of application specific integrated circuits for readouts and processing of signals from up-to-date detectors of nuclear particles. Due to the large information content, the review is formally divided into two parts. The use of the application specific integrated circuits in different experimental or measuring plants is considered in this second part. Both parts have the common classification table, numbering of cited papers, drawings, and formulas.
The purpose of this review is to give experts, who use electronic procedures in experiments or measurements in applied areas, whenever it is possible, the complete picture of the past 5-year rapid ...development of application specific integrated circuits for readouts and processing of signals from up-to-date nuclear particle detectors. Due to the large information content, the review is formally divided into two parts. The evolution history of the application specific integrated circuits for different types of detectors is considered in the first part. Both parts have the common classification table, common numeration of cited papers, drawings, and formulas.
It is known that the transition from quantum to classical physics occurs when the action constant h decreases to an infinitesimal value. As shown in the article, for signals this statement is ...applicable to their classical model only and it is far from all real signals existing in nature and having a threshold on action more than h. Such threshold is the threshold of perception that exists for any natural macro and micro signal receivers, including atoms and particles. It was revealed that above the boundary frequency of the classical thermal noise v-high, found by Planck, the properties of real signals correspond to quantum constraints. It is asserted that in the frequency range above v-high inertness appears and dominates, i.e. the integration of the signals. As a result of it a transition from the perception threshold on energy to the perception threshold on action happens. Besides, instead of disappearing thermal noise on energy, an indestructible sub-threshold noise on action appears that is associated with the uncertainty relation. The concept of algebraic, not integer logic is introduced for real sub-threshold signals. It is demonstrated that in combination of sub-threshold random states of several signals, their integration leads to a joint probability, i.e. to superposition states of QM.
First LHC beam induced tracks reconstructed in the LHCb VELO Parkes, C.; Borghi, S.; Bates, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2009, Letnik:
604, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Vertex Locator of the LHCb experiment has been used to fully reconstruct beam induced tracks at the LHC. A beam of protons was collided with a beam absorber during the LHC synchronisation test of ...the anti-clockwise beam on the weekend 22nd–24th August 2008. The resulting particles have been observed by the Vertex Locator. The LHCb Vertex Locator is a silicon micro-strip detector containing 21 planes of modules. Tracks were observed passing through up to 19 modules (38 silicon sensors). A total of over 700 tracks were reconstructed, and are being used to study the calibration and alignment of the detector.
The ATLAS Semiconductor tracker (SCT) consists of 4088 silicon microstrip modules, with a total of 6.3 million readout channels. These are arranged into 4 concentric barrel layers and 2 endcaps of 9 ...disks each. The coherent and safe operation of the SCT during commissioning and subsequent operation is an essential task of the Detector Control System (DCS). The main building blocks of the SCT DCS, the cooling system, the power supplies and the environmental system, are described. First results from DCS testing are presented.
The control and monitoring system for the ATLAS semi-conductor tracker Llatas, M. Chamizo; Abdesselam, A.; Basiladze, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2005, Letnik:
552, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The ATLAS Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT) will be made of 4088 silicon modules mounted on four barrel supports and eighteen end cap disks. At present module production has started in different sites all ...around the world. The assembly of the modules into the support structures is taking place at three different macro-assembly sites. To allow for the safety operation of the detector a Detector Control System (DCS) is being developed at CERN that will be close to the final ATLAS configuration. The DCS will control and monitor the power supply provided to the modules, the cooling system and the environmental variables. This paper will give an overview of the system required to operate and readout large-scale silicon detectors.
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