The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most promising and efficient technique to study epilepsy and record all the electrical activity going in our brain. Automated screening of epilepsy through ...data-driven algorithms reduces the manual workload of doctors to diagnose epilepsy. New algorithms are biased either towards signal processing or deep learning, which holds subjective advantages and disadvantages. The proposed pipeline is an end-to-end automated seizure prediction framework with a Fourier transform feature extraction and deep learning-based transformer model, a blend of signal processing and deep learning - this imbibes the potential features to automatically identify the attentive regions in EEG signals for effective screening. The proposed pipeline has demonstrated superior performance on the benchmark dataset with average sensitivity and false-positive rate per hour (FPR/h) as 98.46%, 94.83% and 0.12439, 0, respectively. The proposed work shows great results on the benchmark datasets and a big potential for clinics as a support system with medical experts monitoring the patients.
Unlike traditional optoelectronic satellite imaging, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) allows remote sensing applications to operate under all weather conditions. This makes it uniquely valuable for ...detecting ships/vessels involved in illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. While recent work has shown significant improvement in this domain, detecting small objects using noisy point annotations remains an unexplored area. In order to meet the unique challenges of this problem, we propose a progressive training methodology that utilizes two different spatial sampling strategies. Firstly, we use stochastic sampling of background points to reduce the impact of class imbalance and missing labels, and secondly, during the refinement stage, we use hard negative sampling to improve the model. Experimental results on the challenging xView3 dataset show that our method outperforms conventional small object localization methods in a large, noisy dataset of SAR images.Source code for our method can be found at: https://github.com/manupillai308/DeepSAR
This manuscript presents the first-ever dataset made for supervised learning on reconstructing missing data in remotely sensed data. The types of noises present in this dataset are 1) Salt and pepper ...noise, caused by an error in transmission, analog-digital converter error, 2) The Landsat ETM + Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-of a problem, caused because of the poor performance of satellite sensors, cross-talk between sensors, etc. 3) Presence of thick clouds in its view due to poor atmospheric conditions. Usually, the remotely sensed data suffer an information loss because of satellite sensors' internal malfunction or poor atmospheric conditions such as thick clouds. Losing any pixel due to any external/internal error leads to a huge information loss in the images due to high spatial resolution and further tasks like detection, classification, segmentation, and many more to be applied to it. Therefore, it becomes an important task to regain the lost data before applying any other algorithm. This dataset contains a total of 21,080 images with a spatial resolution of 0.3m and 1.5m. The dataset is accessible at https://sites.google.com/view/clearviewdataset.
Background
Patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) have coagulation failure in the setting of systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and extra‐hepatic organ failures.
Methods
...Consecutive ACLF patients without sepsis at baseline were assessed at days 0, 3 and 7 with thromboelastography (TEG) and specific assays (Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor vWF, protein C and antithrombin III ATIII) and followed for development of sepsis, bleeding and outcome.
Results
Of 243 patients, 114 (63% ethanol related; mean age 44.3 ± 11.7 years; 90% male) were recruited. SIRS was noted in 39 (34.2%), 45 (39.5%) and 46 (40%) patients at days 0, 3 and 7 and sepsis in 28 (24%) and 52 (56.1%) patients at days 3 and 7 respectively. The 28‐ and 90‐day survivals were 62% and 51% respectively. A hypocoagulable TEG at baseline was a predictor of bleeding (hazard ratio HR 2.1; CI 1.6‐4.9; P = 0.050) and mortality (HR 1.9; CI 1.3‐7.9; P = 0.043). ACLF patients had increased Factor VIII, vWF, tissue factor levels and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity with reduced protein C and ATIII. Coagulation parameters like Coagulation Index (HR 2.1; CI 1.1‐4.5; P = 0.044),clot lysis (HR 3.2; CI 1.9‐3.4; P = 0.033), low protein C < 30% (HR 2.1; CI 1.5‐2.8; P = 0.017), ATIII (HR 1.4; CI 1.7‐3.1; P = 0.052) and tPA (HR 1.5; CI 1.1‐2.4; P = 0.052) were predictors of mortality at day 28. Protein C activity <30% (HR 1.3; CI 1.0‐2.9; P = 0.042) and tPA >20 ng/mL (HR 1.2; CI 1.1‐2.1; P = 0.040) predicted mortality when adjusted for age, gender and baseline MELD.
Conclusions
Dynamic coagulation derangements, measured by TEG, determine the likelihood of bleeding and mortality in ACLF.
Endogenous heparinoids or heparin-like effects (HLEs) can cause coagulation failure in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis. We performed a prospective study of the association between HLE and bleeding ...events, sepsis, and outcomes of patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.
Our final analysis comprised 78 patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (44.3 ± 11.7 years; all male; discriminant function >32) who presented without sepsis at a single center in India from August 2015 through August 2016. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 3, and 7 after presentation and assessed by a global coagulation assay; by SONOCLOT (global and heparinase treated); and in assays for factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, protein C, and antithrombin. Patients were followed for sepsis, bleeding and outcome. The primary outcome was association of HLE with survival 28 days after presentation.
HLEs were observed in 32 patients (41%) at day 0, 27 patients (34.6%) at day 3, and 28 patients (35.9%) patients at day 7. Factors associated with mortality at day 0 were factor VIII activity >160% (hazard ratio HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4-9.5; P = .026), level of protein C <34% (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.8; P = .037), antithrombin activity <28% (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.1; P = .008) and international normalized ratio >2.6 (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.8-9.7; P = .010). In multivariate analyses, only factor VIII activity (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-7.8; P = .046), international normalized ratio (1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3; P = .039), level of protein C (HR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.1; P = .052) and model for end-stage liver disease score (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.9-10.2; P = .042) were associated with mortality. Episodes of epistaxis, hemorrhoid bleeding, hemoperitoneum, and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 10.2%, 12.3%, 3.4%, and 4.5% of patients respectively. The presence of HLE at day 0 increased the risk of sepsis (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.2-4.3; P = .002), bleeding (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3; P = .004) and death (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7; P = .044).
In a prospective study of patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis, we associated HLE with coagulation abnormalities, risk of sepsis, and mortality. Clinicaltrials.govNCT02307409.
