Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation with ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Tulsa Dental ...Specialties, Tulsa, OK), ProTaper Gold (PTG; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), and XP-endo Shaper (XP; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) instruments using micro–computed tomographic (CT) analysis. Methods Forty extracted human mandibular premolars having single-canal and straight root were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups ( n = 10) according to the different nickel-titanium systems used for root canal preparation: PTU, PTG, SAF, and XP. In the SAF and XP groups, the canals were first prepared with a K-file until #25 at the working length, and then the SAF or XP files were used. The specimens were scanned using high-resolution micro–computed tomographic imaging before and after root canal preparation. Afterward, preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional images of the teeth were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. For each group, the number of microcracks was determined as a percentage rate. The McNemar test was used to determine significant differences before and after instrumentation. The level of significance was set at P ≤ .05. Results The PTU system significantly increased the percentage rate of microcracks compared with preoperative specimens ( P < .05). No new dentinal microcracks were observed in the PTG, SAF, or XP groups. Conclusions Root canal preparations with the PTG, SAF, and XP systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks on straight root canals of mandibular premolars.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation with HyFlex CM (Coltène/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland), HyFlex EDM ...(Coltène/Whaledent), Vortex Blue (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), and TRUShape (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties) systems using micro–computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis.
Forty human mandibular incisors with 1 and straight root canals were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 10) and 1 control group for root canal preparation: group 1, HyFlex CM; group 2, HyFlex EDM; group 3, Vortex Blue; and group 4, TRUShape. The specimens were scanned using high-resolution micro-CT imaging before and after root canal preparation. Afterward, preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional images of the teeth were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. The number of microcracks was determined as a percentage for each group.
Before and after canal preparation, 36,152 cross-sectional images were examined. Four thousand four hundred fifty-two (12.31%) dentinal defects were observed. No new microcracks were observed after root canal instrumentation with the tested systems.
Root canal preparation with the HyFlex CM, HyFlex EDM, Vortex Blue, and TRUShape systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks on straight root canals of mandibular incisors.
•This is the first study to evaluate the presence of dentin defects before and after root canal preparation with new heat-treated instruments using micro–computed tomographic imaging.•Root canal preparation with HyFlex CM, HyFlex EDM, Vortex Blue, and TRUShape systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks.•General dentists and endodontists should know that new heat-treated file systems may be less likely to cause microcracks than traditional nickel-titanium file systems.
Educators’ interest in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) has been increasing. In parallel with implementations of TPACK-based activities taking place in different settings, efforts ...for assessing effectiveness of those activities and understanding the overall TPACK framework have also been under investigation. In this study, the main purpose has been placed on understanding the TPACK framework and its dynamics that contribute to effective TPACK development. More specifically, through preservice teachers’ experiences we have explored the nature of relationships among the TPACK components. To do this, a TPACK instrument was developed and the data were analyzed by using multi-stage approaches. Results briefly indicated that all correlations among the components were significant. In the structural equation modeling analyses, TPK and TCK’s impact were statistically powerful contributors to explaining TPACK variance. In addition, and most important, our results suggest that second-level knowledge basis (TPK, TCK, PCK) had a stronger impact than core knowledge basis on predicting TPACK development. TCK in the structural model stands out as the mediator knowledge base. Finally, indirect relationships among some of the TPACK components were found to be of considerable importance.
Evaluation of range of motion (ROM) is integral to assessment of the musculoskeletal system, is required in health fitness and pathologic conditions, and is used as an objective outcome measure. ...Several methods are described to check ROM, each with advantages and disadvantages. Hence, this study introduces a new device using a smartphone goniometer to measure ankle joint ROM.
To test the reliability of smartphone goniometry in the ankle joint by comparing it with the universal goniometer (UG) and to assess interrater and intrarater reliability for the smartphone goniometer record (SGR) application.
Fifty-eight healthy volunteers (29 men and 29 women aged 18-30 years) underwent SGR and UG measurement of ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Two examiners measured ankle joint ROM. Descriptive statistics were calculated for descriptive and anthropometric variables, as were intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
There were 58 usable data sets. For measuring ankle dorsiflexion ROM, both instruments showed excellent interrater reliability: UG (ICC = 0.87) and SGR (ICC = 0.89). Intrarater reliability was excellent in both instruments in ankle dorsiflexion: UG and SGR (mean ICC = 0.91). For measuring ankle plantarflexion, both instruments showed excellent interrater reliability: UG (ICC = 0.76) and SGR (ICC = 0.82). Intrarater reliability was excellent in both instruments in ankle plantarflexion: UG (mean ICC = 0.85) and SGR (mean ICC = 0.82).
Smartphone-based goniometers can be used to assess active ROM of the ankle joint because they can achieve a high degree of intrarater and interrater reliability.
The seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is a significant agricultural pest and increasingly studied model of sexual conflict. Males possess genital spines that increase the transfer of seminal fluid ...proteins (SFPs) into the female body. As SFPs alter female behaviour and physiology, they are likely to modulate reproduction and sexual conflict in this species. Here, we identified SFPs using proteomics combined with a de novo transcriptome. A prior 2D‐sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified male accessory gland protein spots that were probably transferred to the female at mating. Proteomic analysis of these spots identified 98 proteins, a majority of which were also present within ejaculates collected from females. Standard annotation workflows revealed common functional groups for SFPs, including proteases and metabolic proteins. Transcriptomic analysis found 84 transcripts differentially expressed between the sexes. Notably, genes encoding 15 proteins were highly expressed in male abdomens and only negligibly expressed within females. Most of these sequences corresponded to ‘unknown’ proteins (nine of 15) and may represent rapidly evolving SFPs novel to seed beetles. Our combined analyses highlight 44 proteins for which there is strong evidence that they are SFPs. These results can inform further investigation, to better understand the molecular mechanisms of sexual conflict in seed beetles.
Introduction: Biological changes in human metabolism due to daylight and heat are expressed as circadian rhythm, and its classification according to individuals and their genetic differences is ...called chronotype. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies examining the relationship between circadian rhythm and birth. Purpose: This study’s first aim was to investigate the relationship between the chronotypes of mothers and time of birth, season, meridians in which they were born, and the gender of their babies. Its second aim was to examine the relationship between the birth times and chronotypes of pregnant women and the time of their deliveries. Method: The study was conducted among women presented to Alanya Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic between 01.02.2022 and 31.03.2022. The study included 147 women remembering the date and time of delivery. Participants were selected among the mothers who gave a normal birth, did not have labor induction, whose birth started with spontaneous contractions, and had a healthy pregnancy. A questionnaire form including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric information, and Horne and Östberg's Morningness- Eveningness scale were applied face to face. One-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, and logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. Results: The chronotypes of the participants revealed that 45 women (30.6%) were morning type, 90 women were intermediate type (61.2%), and 12 women were evening type (8.2%). No difference was found between the chronotype scores of the mothers and the birth hours of their babies (p = .324). There was no difference between mothers' chronotype scores and birth meridians (p = .842). In addition, no significant relationship was found between the mothers' own birth hours and the birth hours of their babies (p= .050). Conclusion: There was no relationship between birth time, season, gender, birth meridian, and chronotype. The limitation of the study may be related to the recall bias, the effect of confounding factors, and the sample size. However, we think it is an interesting field in terms of providing a different perspective on the differences in performance and mood of people with further studies regarding chronotype.
Giriş: İnsan metabolizmasının karanlık ve ısıya bağlı olarak gösterdiği biyolojik değişikliklere sirkadiyen ritim, bireysel ve genetik farklılıklara göre sınıflandırılması da kronotip olarak ifade edilmektedir. Son yıllarda sirkadiyen ritim ile doğum arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalarda artış görülmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı annelerin kronotipleri ile annenin doğum saati, mevsimi, meridyeni ve bebeklerinin cinsiyetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. İkincil amacımız gebelerin kendi doğum saatleri ve kronotipleri ile yaptıkları doğumların saatleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırma 01.02.2022- 31.03.2022 tarihleri arasında Alanya Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğine başvuran kadınlar arasında yapılmıştır. Doğum tarihini, saatini hatırlayan, doğumu spontan kasılmalarla başlayan, doğum indüksiyonu yapılmayan, sezeryan olmayan ve sağlıklı bir gebelik geçiren normal doğum yapan 147 kadın çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik özellikleri, obstetrik bilgileri ve Horne ve Östberg’in Sabahçıl-Akşamçıl ölçeğini içeren anket formu yüz yüze şekilde uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Oneway ANOVA, Kİ-KARE ve lojistik regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların kronotipleri sabahçıl tip 45 kadın (% 30.6), ara tip 90 kadın (% 61.2), akşamcıl tip 12 kadın (% 8.2) olarak belirlenmiştir. Annelerin kronotip puanları ile bebeklerinin doğum saatleri arasında yapılan analizde fark bulunamamıştır (p = .324). Annelerin kronotip puanları ile doğum meridyenleri arasında da fark saptanmamıştır (p = .842). Annelerin kendi doğum saatleri ile bebeklerinin doğum saatleri arasında eşitlik saptanmıştır 0Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarında doğum saati, mevsim, cinsiyet, doğum meridyeni ile kronotip arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Çalışmanın sınırlılığı hatırlama yanlılığı, kafa karıştırıcı faktörlerin etkisi ve örneklem büyüklüğü ile ilgili olabilir. Ancak kronotip ile çalışmaların ve bilginin artışı ile kişilerin performans ve duygu durum konusundaki farklılıklarına farklı bir bakış açısı sunması açısından ilgi çekici bir alan olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
In this paper, we obtain the weighted mean and weighted Gaussian curvatures of surfaces of revolution in Galilean 3-space with density $e^{a_{1}x^{2}+a_{2}y^{2}+a_{3}z^{2}}$, $a_{1},a_{2},a_{3} \in ...R$ not all zero. Also, we investigate some cases of weighted minimal surfaces of revolution according to $a_{i},$ $i=1,2,3$ and weighted flat surfaces of revolution.
There is an increased airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it has been suggested that there may also be problem in the apoptosis and renewal of ...cells. However, there are limited human airway cell studies, in particular those from larger airways such as bronchi. We cultured primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from bronchial explants of smokers (
n
= 6) without COPD and smokers with COPD (
n
= 8). Apoptosis was studied by fluorescence activated cell sorting. qRT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression for proteins involving apoptosis including p21
CIP1/WAF1
, p53, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Although there was no difference in the rate of viable cells between cells from smokers and COPDs, the level of early apoptotic cells was significantly increased in COPD cells mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) = 4.86 ± 3.2 %,
p
= 0.015 as compared to smokers (mean ± SEM = 2.71 ± 1.62 %). In contrast, the rate of late apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in COPD cells (mean ± SEM = 9.82 ± 5.71 %) comparing to smokers (mean ± SEM = 15.21 ± 5.08 %,
p
= 0.003). Although expression of mRNA for p21
CIP1/WAF1
and caspase-9 was similar in both groups, p53 and caspase-8 mRNA expression was significantly greater in COPD cells. These findings suggest that HBEC apoptosis is increased in COPD, and that this involves p53 and caspase-8 pathways.
Objectives: To determine the effect of different gutta-percha solvents (chloroform, Endosolv E, orange oil, and eucalyptol) on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate cements (CSCs; white ...mineral trioxide aggregate WMTA; capsule-form mineral trioxide aggregate CMTA, and Biodentine). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were sectioned into 3-mm-thick slices. The canal lumens were enlarged for 1.35-mm-diameter standardized cavities. The samples were randomly divided into five groups (n = 30) according to the solvent type: G1, chloroform; G2, Endosolv E; G3, eucalyptol; G4, orange oil; G5, no solvent (control). After application of the solvents for 5 min, the specimens were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): (i) WMTA, (ii) CMTA, and (iii) Biodentine. The push-out bond strength was measured. Two-way ANOVA analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for analyses (P = 0.05). Results: The highest push-out bond strength was observed in the Biodentine (P < 0.05), and the values of WMTA and CMTA were not significantly different in all solvent groups (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the gutta-percha solvents and control group in WMTA (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Gutta-percha solvents used during retreatment decreased the bond strength of Biodentine and CMTA to root dentin. The bond strength of WMTA was not affected by the use of gutta-percha solvents.
In the present paper, we obtain the parametric representation of an embankment surface and give an example for it. We define the notions of embankmentlike surfaces and tubembankmentlike surfaces. ...Furthermore, we create some embankmentlike and tubembankmentlike surface examples with the aid of different directrix and draw these directrix and surfaces. Also, we find the Gaussian, mean and second Gaussian curvatures of these surfaces and draw the Gaussian, mean and second Gaussian curvature functions' graphics and the variations of Gaussian, mean and second Gaussian curvatures on related surfaces with the aid of Mathematica.
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