The 2016 Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome was convened to build an international, multidisciplinary consensus on the diagnosis and management of patients with FAI ...syndrome. 22 panel members and 1 patient from 9 countries and 5 different specialties participated in a 1-day consensus meeting on 29 June 2016. Prior to the meeting, 6 questions were agreed on, and recent relevant systematic reviews and seminal literature were circulated. Panel members gave presentations on the topics of the agreed questions at Sports Hip 2016, an open meeting held in the UK on 27-29 June. Presentations were followed by open discussion. At the 1-day consensus meeting, panel members developed statements in response to each question through open discussion; members then scored their level of agreement with each response on a scale of 0-10. Substantial agreement (range 9.5-10) was reached for each of the 6 consensus questions, and the associated terminology was agreed on. The term 'femoroacetabular impingement syndrome' was introduced to reflect the central role of patients' symptoms in the disorder. To reach a diagnosis, patients should have appropriate symptoms, positive clinical signs and imaging findings. Suitable treatments are conservative care, rehabilitation, and arthroscopic or open surgery. Current understanding of prognosis and topics for future research were discussed. The 2016 Warwick Agreement on FAI syndrome is an international multidisciplinary agreement on the diagnosis, treatment principles and key terminology relating to FAI syndrome.Author note The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome has been endorsed by the following 25 clinical societies: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports and Exercise Medicine (ACPSEM), Australasian College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP), Austian Sports Physiotherapists, British Association of Sports and Exercise Medicine (BASEM), British Association of Sport Rehabilitators and Trainers (BASRaT), Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (CASEM), Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF), European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians (ECOSEP), European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA), Finnish Sports Physiotherapist Association (SUFT), German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy (IFSPT), International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA), Groupo di Interesse Specialistico dell'A.I.F.I., Norwegian Association of Sports Medicine and Physical Activity (NIMF), Norwegian Sports Physiotherapy Association (FFI), Society of Sports Therapists (SST), South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Sports Medicine Australia (SMA), Sports Doctors Australia (SDrA), Sports Physiotherapy New Zealand (SPNZ), Swedish Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine (SFAIM), Swiss Society of Sports Medicine (SGMS/SGSM), Swiss Sports Physiotherapy Association (SSPA).
Complex stellar winds from evolved stars
Stars less than eight times the mass of the Sun end their lives as planetary nebulae, structures of ionized gas thrown off by the star and heated by the ...exposed stellar core. Planetary nebulae are often bipolar in shape or contain complex morphological features such as rings or spirals. Decin
et al.
observed the stellar winds of 14 stars during their asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of stellar evolution, which immediately precedes the planetary nebula phase. They found morphologies in the AGB winds similar to planetary nebulae and demonstrated that they are produced by the influence of a binary companion on the AGB wind.
Science
, this issue p.
1497
Complex morphologies in the winds of asymptotic giant branch stars and planetary nebulae are produced by binary interactions.
Binary interactions dominate the evolution of massive stars, but their role is less clear for low- and intermediate-mass stars. The evolution of a spherical wind from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star into a nonspherical planetary nebula (PN) could be due to binary interactions. We observed a sample of AGB stars with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and found that their winds exhibit distinct nonspherical geometries with morphological similarities to planetary nebulae (PNe). We infer that the same physics shapes both AGB winds and PNe; additionally, the morphology and AGB mass-loss rate are correlated. These characteristics can be explained by binary interaction. We propose an evolutionary scenario for AGB morphologies that is consistent with observed phenomena in AGB stars and PNe.
Determining the architecture of multi-planetary systems is one of the cornerstones of understanding planet formation and evolution. Resonant systems are especially important as the fragility of their ...orbital configuration ensures that no significant scattering or collisional event has taken place since the earliest formation phase when the parent protoplanetary disc was still present. In this context, TOI-178 has been the subject of particular attention since the first TESS observations hinted at the possible presence of a near 2:3:3 resonant chain. Here we report the results of observations from CHEOPS, ESPRESSO, NGTS, and SPECULOOS with the aim of deciphering the peculiar orbital architecture of the system. We show that TOI-178 harbours at least six planets in the super-Earth to mini-Neptune regimes, with radii ranging from 1.152
−0.070
+0.073
to 2.87
−0.13
+0.14
Earth radii and periods of 1.91, 3.24, 6.56, 9.96, 15.23, and 20.71 days. All planets but the innermost one form a 2:4:6:9:12 chain of Laplace resonances, and the planetary densities show important variations from planet to planet, jumping from 1.02
−0.23
+0.28
to 0.177
−0.061
+0.055
times the Earth’s density between planets
c
and
d
. Using Bayesian interior structure retrieval models, we show that the amount of gas in the planets does not vary in a monotonous way, contrary to what one would expect from simple formation and evolution models and unlike other known systems in a chain of Laplace resonances. The brightness of TOI-178 (
H
= 8.76 mag,
J
= 9.37 mag,
V
= 11.95 mag) allows for a precise characterisation of its orbital architecture as well as of the physical nature of the six presently known transiting planets it harbours. The peculiar orbital configuration and the diversity in average density among the planets in the system will enable the study of interior planetary structures and atmospheric evolution, providing important clues on the formation of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.
Context.
The detection of a super-Earth and three mini-Neptunes transiting the bright (
V
= 9.2 mag) star HD 108236 (also known as TOI-1233) was recently reported on the basis of TESS and ...ground-based light curves.
Aims.
We perform a first characterisation of the HD 108236 planetary system through high-precision CHEOPS photometry and improve the transit ephemerides and system parameters.
Methods.
We characterise the host star through spectroscopic analysis and derive the radius with the infrared flux method. We constrain the stellar mass and age by combining the results obtained from two sets of stellar evolutionary tracks. We analyse the available TESS light curves and one CHEOPS transit light curve for each known planet in the system.
Results.
We find that HD 108236 is a Sun-like star with
R
⋆
= 0.877 ± 0.008
R
⊙
,
M
⋆
= 0.869
−0.048
+0.050
M
⊙
, and an age of 6.7
−5.1
+4.0
Gyr. We report the serendipitous detection of an additional planet, HD 108236 f, in one of the CHEOPS light curves. For this planet, the combined analysis of the TESS and CHEOPS light curves leads to a tentative orbital period of about 29.5 days. From the light curve analysis, we obtain radii of 1.615 ± 0.051, 2.071 ± 0.052, 2.539
−0.065
+0.062
, 3.083 ± 0.052, and 2.017
−0.057
+0.052
R
⊕
for planets HD 108236 b to HD 108236 f, respectively. These values are in agreement with previous TESS-based estimates, but with an improved precision of about a factor of two. We perform a stability analysis of the system, concluding that the planetary orbits most likely have eccentricities smaller than 0.1. We also employ a planetary atmospheric evolution framework to constrain the masses of the five planets, concluding that HD 108236 b and HD 108236 c should have an Earth-like density, while the outer planets should host a low mean molecular weight envelope.
Conclusions.
The detection of the fifth planet makes HD 108236 the third system brighter than
V
= 10 mag to host more than four transiting planets. The longer time span enables us to significantly improve the orbital ephemerides such that the uncertainty on the transit times will be of the order of minutes for the years to come. A comparison of the results obtained from the TESS and CHEOPS light curves indicates that for a
V
~ 9 mag solar-like star and a transit signal of ~500 ppm, one CHEOPS transit light curve ensures the same level of photometric precision as eight TESS transits combined, although this conclusion depends on the length and position of the gaps in the light curve.
•Intermittent PV power is modelled by a stochastic dynamical jump-diffusion equation.•The response of a laboratory set up is assessed for different PV power jump rates.•A battery-and-inverter-based ...technique suppresses the PV-induced fluctuations.
The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) power has recently increased in electric distribution grids. However, the stochastic properties of solar energy, such as intermittency (i.e. the presence of a correlated high frequency of large fluctuations), can negatively affect power quality and cause grid instabilities, especially in microgrids. In this study, we differentiate the diffusive and jumpy characteristics of solar power and introduce a stochastic dynamical jump-diffusion equation to model non-gaussian PV power. Using the obtained dynamical equation, we generate new synthetic data sets with varying jump rates. Finally, we implement a straightforward filtering method, i.e. a combination of an inverter and a battery storage system to show the applicability of our proposed stochastic method.
AU Mic is a young planetary system with a resolved debris disc showing signs of planet formation and two transiting warm Neptunes near mean-motion resonances. Here we analyse three transits of AU Mic ...b observed with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS), supplemented with sector 1 and 27 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry, and the All-Sky Automated Survey from the ground. The refined orbital period of AU Mic b is 8.462995 ± 0.000003 d, whereas the stellar rotational period is
P
rot
= 4.8367 ± 0.0006 d. The two periods indicate a 7:4 spin–orbit commensurability at a precision of 0.1%. Therefore, all transits are observed in front of one of the four possible stellar central longitudes. This is strongly supported by the observation that the same complex star-spot pattern is seen in the second and third CHEOPS visits that were separated by four orbits (and seven stellar rotations). Using a bootstrap analysis we find that flares and star spots reduce the accuracy of transit parameters by up to 10% in the planet-to-star radius ratio and the accuracy on transit time by 3–4 min. Nevertheless, occulted stellar spot features independently confirm the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of at least 4 min. We find that the outer companion, AU Mic c, may cause the observed TTVs.
Purpose
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominantly inherited tumor predisposition syndrome. One of the most common tumors are central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas. ...Recommendations on the initiation and continuation of the screening and surveillance program for CNS tumors in pediatric VHL patients are based on small case series and thus low evidence level. To derive more robust screening recommendations, we report on the largest monocentric pediatric cohort of VHL patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis on a pediatric cohort of 99 VHL patients consulted at our VHL center from 1992 to 2023. Clinical, surgical, genetic, and imaging data were collected and statistically analyzed.
Results
42 patients (50% male) developed CNS hemangioblastomas, of whom 18 patients (56% male) underwent hemangioblastoma surgery (mean age at first surgery: 14.9 ± 1.9 years; range 10.2–17). The first asymptomatic patient was operated on at the age of 13.2 years due to tumor progress. Truncating
VHL
mutation carriers had a significantly higher manifestation rate (HR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9–7.4,
p
< 0.0001) and surgery rate (HR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–8.9,
p
= 0.02) compared with missense mutation carriers.
Conclusion
We recommend starting MRI imaging at the age of 12 years with examination intervals every (1-) 2 years depending on CNS involvement. Special attention should be paid to patients with truncating variants. Affected families should be educated regularly on potential tumor-associated symptoms to enable timely MRI imaging and eventually intervention, as CNS hemangioblastoma may develop before screening begins.
German clinical trials Register registration number
DRKS00029553, date of registration 08/16/2022, retrospectively registered.
Phosphorus utilization (PU) has received considerable attention in poultry nutrition. However, reliable estimates of genetic parameters for PU and related traits have largely not been reported until ...now; however, these are needed to assess whether selection for an improved PU would result in selection response. A large Japanese quail F2 cross was generated and 888 F2 individuals were phenotyped for PU, bodyweight gain (BWG), and feed per gain (F:G). Because it can reasonably be assumed that the interrelationships between these traits are complex, structural equation models were used. The structural coefficient λij
describes the rate of change of trait i with respect to trait j for a model with a recursive effect of trait j on trait i. Three recursive structural coefficients (λF:G,PU
, λBWG,PU
, λBWG,F:G
) were selected a priori based on biological knowledge. The model was fitted using ASReml software. Standard errors of estimated variance components and genetic parameters were approximated using the delta method. The heritability of PU, F:G, and BWG were 0.136, 0.118, and 0.092. The structural coefficient
${\hat \lambda _{F:G,PU}} = - 0.177$
indicates that an increase in PU leads to reduced and thus improved F:G. The estimate
${\hat \lambda _{\it{BWG},F:G}} = - 0.963$
indicates that improved F:G leads to an increase in BWG. The overall effect of PU on BWG was
${\hat \lambda _{\it{BWG},PU}} + {\hat \lambda _{F:G,PU}} \times {\hat \lambda _{\it{BWG},F:G}} = 0.374,$
i.e. an increase in PU of 1% leads to an increase of BWG of 0.374 g in the data collection period, which spanned five days. The phenotypic and genetic correlations were negative between PU and F:G as well as between BWG and F:G and were positive between PU and BWG. These correlations are driven by direct genetic effects (pleiotropic genes or genes being in linkage disequilibrium) as well as by indirect genetic effects (genes affecting trait j affected indirectly trait i). The application of structural equation models contributed to our understanding of the complex biological relationship between PU, F:G, and BWG in quails. PU shows a heritability that is sufficient to achieve a selection response when breeding for this very-hard-to-measure trait.
Abstract
We present the first quiet Sun spectropolarimetric observations obtained with the Visible SpectroPolarimeter at the 4 m Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. We recorded observations in a ...wavelength range that includes the magnetically sensitive Fe
i
6301.5/6302.5 Å doublet. With an estimated spatial resolution of 0.″08, this represents the highest spatial resolution full-vector spectropolarimetric observations ever obtained of the quiet Sun. We identified 53 small-scale magnetic elements, including 47 magnetic loops and four unipolar magnetic patches, with linear and circular polarization detected in all of them. Of particular interest is a magnetic element in which the polarity of the magnetic vector appears to change three times in only 400 km and which has linear polarization signals throughout. We find complex Stokes
V
profiles at the polarity inversion lines of magnetic loops and discover degenerate solutions, as we are unable to conclusively determine whether these arise due to gradients in the atmospheric parameters or smearing of opposite-polarity signals. We analyze a granule that notably has linear and circular polarization signals throughout, providing an opportunity to explore its magnetic properties. On this small scale, we see the magnetic field strength range from 25 G at the granular boundary to 2 kG in the intergranular lane (IGL) and sanity-check the values with the weak and strong field approximations. A value of 2 kG in the IGL is among the highest measurements ever recorded for the internetwork.
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