Hydrolytic lignin is one of the non-demanded carbon materials. Its CO2-assisted conversion is an important way to utilize it. The use of the catalysts prepared by metal deposition on the surface of ...hydrolytic lignin makes it possible to apply milder conditions of the conversion process with CO2 and to improve the economic indicators. The development of methods of deposition of the active phase is a problem of high importance for any heterogeneous catalytic processes. This work aimed at investigating the influence of the conditions of iron deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin on the process of CO2-assisted conversion of lignin. Different Fe precursors (Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3), solvents (water, isopropanol, acetone, and ethanol), and concentrations of the solution were used; the properties of Fe/lignin composites were estimated by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD methods and catalytic tests. All the prepared samples demonstrate a higher conversion compared to starting lignin itself in the carbon dioxide-assisted conversion process. The carbon dioxide conversion was up to 66% at 800 °C for the sample prepared from Fe(NO3)3 using a twofold water volume compared to incipient wetness water volume as a solvent (vs. 39% for pure lignin).
To meet the increasing needs of fuels, especially non-fossil fuels, the production of “bio-oil” is proposed and many efforts have been undertaken to find effective ways to transform bio-wastes into ...valuable substances to obtain the fuels and simultaneously reduce carbon wastes, including CO2. This work is devoted to the gasification of sugar cane bagasse to produce CO in the process assisted by CO2. The metals were varied (Fe, Co, or Ni), along with their amounts, in order to find the optimal catalyst composition. The materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron diffraction, and were tested in the process of CO2-assisted gasification. The catalysts based on Co and Ni demonstrate the best activity among the investigated systems: the conversion of CO2 reached 88% at ~800 °C (vs. 20% for the pure sugarcane bagasse). These samples contain metallic Co or Ni, while Fe is in oxide form.
CO2-assisted gasification of carbon-based waste materials is one of the processes that both utilises waste carbon chemicals and produces CO, which is a highly sought after raw material. In this work, ...we aimed at finding and clarifying the synergistic effects of simultaneous potassium and Fe, Co, or Ni-driven catalysis. To reveal the behaviour of such systems, a series with different potassium loadings and a fixed second metal loading of 5 wt.% was prepared. The following methods were applied for this purpose: SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, electron diffraction, and catalytic tests. The most active sample was found to be 3 wt.% K and 5 wt.% Co- or Fe-loaded hydrolysis lignin. The attained CO2 conversion was up to 92%, while the pure lignin sample demonstrated only 62% conversion under the same conditions.
In this work, hydrolysis lignin with nickel compounds deposited on the surface was prepared. The resulting material was introduced into the process of carbon dioxide assisted conversion and the ...catalytic activity of the deposited nickel compounds in this reaction was evaluated. Use of the obtained catalytic system increases CO2 conversion by more than 30% in the temperature range 450–800 °C. After the conversion process, the material was subjected to a study using a variety of physico-chemical analysis methods (TEM, SEM-EDX, and X-ray phase analysis). Physico-chemical methods of analysis of a sample calcined at 300 °C to decompose nickel nitrate revealed NiO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 16.9 nm.
To meet the increasing needs of fuels, especially non-fossil fuels, the production of “bio-oil” is proposed and many efforts have been undertaken to find effective ways to transform bio-wastes into ...valuable substances to obtain the fuels and simultaneously reduce carbon wastes, including COsub.2. This work is devoted to the gasification of sugar cane bagasse to produce CO in the process assisted by COsub.2. The metals were varied (Fe, Co, or Ni), along with their amounts, in order to find the optimal catalyst composition. The materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron diffraction, and were tested in the process of COsub.2-assisted gasification. The catalysts based on Co and Ni demonstrate the best activity among the investigated systems: the conversion of COsub.2 reached 88% at ~800 °C (vs. 20% for the pure sugarcane bagasse). These samples contain metallic Co or Ni, while Fe is in oxide form.
COsub.2-assisted gasification of carbon-based waste materials is one of the processes that both utilises waste carbon chemicals and produces CO, which is a highly sought after raw material. In this ...work, we aimed at finding and clarifying the synergistic effects of simultaneous potassium and Fe, Co, or Ni-driven catalysis. To reveal the behaviour of such systems, a series with different potassium loadings and a fixed second metal loading of 5 wt.% was prepared. The following methods were applied for this purpose: SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, electron diffraction, and catalytic tests. The most active sample was found to be 3 wt.% K and 5 wt.% Co- or Fe-loaded hydrolysis lignin. The attained COsub.2 conversion was up to 92%, while the pure lignin sample demonstrated only 62% conversion under the same conditions.
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The effect of the nature of the metal (Fe and Co) deposited on the surface of hydrolysis lignin, as well as the metal content (1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%), on the process of dry catalytic ...lignin reforming has been studied. The use of the catalyst led to a twofold increase in the conversion of carbon dioxide at temperatures of 500–800 °C, while both metals showed similar activity. The maximum specific catalytic effect is achieved when supporting 7 wt% of active metals.
Hydrolytic lignin is one of the non-demanded carbon materials. Its CO
-assisted conversion is an important way to utilize it. The use of the catalysts prepared by metal deposition on the surface of ...hydrolytic lignin makes it possible to apply milder conditions of the conversion process with CO
and to improve the economic indicators. The development of methods of deposition of the active phase is a problem of high importance for any heterogeneous catalytic processes. This work aimed at investigating the influence of the conditions of iron deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin on the process of CO
-assisted conversion of lignin. Different Fe precursors (Fe(NO
)
, FeSO
, Fe
(SO
)
), solvents (water, isopropanol, acetone, and ethanol), and concentrations of the solution were used; the properties of Fe/lignin composites were estimated by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD methods and catalytic tests. All the prepared samples demonstrate a higher conversion compared to starting lignin itself in the carbon dioxide-assisted conversion process. The carbon dioxide conversion was up to 66% at 800 °C for the sample prepared from Fe(NO
)
using a twofold water volume compared to incipient wetness water volume as a solvent (vs. 39% for pure lignin).
