Aims
The aims of this study were to: (i) estimate the effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and sulphuric acid‐based fertilizer (SA), at reducing levels of generic Escherichia coli in surface ...irrigation water and on produce and surface soil in open produce fields; and (ii) describe the population dynamics of generic E. coli in produce fields.
Methods and Results
Spinach and cantaloupe plots were randomly assigned to control, UV or SA treatment groups. Irrigation water was inoculated with Rifampicin‐resistant E. coli prior to treatment. More than 75% of UV‐ and SA‐treated tank water samples had counts below the detection limit, compared to a mean count of 3·3 Log10 CFU per ml before treatment. Levels of Rifampicin‐resistant E. coli in soil and produce both increased and decreased over 10–15 days after irrigation, depending on the plot and time‐period.
Conclusions
UV and SA treatments effectively reduce the levels of E. coli in surface irrigation water. Their effectiveness at reducing contamination on produce was dependent on environmental conditions. Applying wait‐times after irrigation and prior to harvest is not a reliable means of mitigating against contaminated produce.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The results are of timely importance for the agricultural industry as new FSMA guidelines require producers to demonstrate a low microbial load in irrigation water or allow producers to apply a wait‐time to mitigate the risk of contaminated produce.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between elementary and secondary teachers’ background characteristics and constructs of self-efficacy, using the Teachers’ Sense ...of Efficacy Scale – TSES, during a difficult economic period for Greece and other European countries.
Design/methodology/approach
– Equation modeling techniques were used to examine the construct validity of Greek version of TSES and second to examine teachers’ self-efficacy profile in primary and secondary schools during a difficult economic period for Greece and other European countries.
Findings
– The findings of the study, using the equation modeling techniques, revealed that a multidimensional first-order three-factor model fits well to the data using multiple-group analysis, the results of the study indicate that background characteristics, such as teachers’ gender, teaching experience, educational level (elementary and secondary level) and age affect their self-efficacy factors (efficacy in student engagement, efficacy in instructional strategies and efficacy in classroom management).
Research limitations/implications
– The data of the specific analysis is based on centralized education systems during a difficult economic period. For improvement, future research using longitudinal approaches may give further important factors across different academic years and across the same individuals. Further research is also required in order to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and students’ achievement.
Originality/value
– The originality and value of the current manuscript highlights the confirmation and the interpretation of latent factors measuring elementary and secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy (TSES) based on a centralized educational system.
Latest Technological Advances with MCP-PMTs Lehmann, A; Belias, A; Dzhygadlo, R ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
11/2022, Letnik:
2374, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper discusses the most recent advances with 2-inch MCP-PMTs. The status in terms of lifetime, detection efficiency, rate capability, time resolution, and gain behavior in magnetic fields are ...summarized. Significant progress in collection (CE) and quantum efficiency (QE) led to an excellent detection efficiency DQE = QE*CE of ∼30%. With a new DAQ setup up to several hundred anode pixels can be read out simultaneously in 3D allowing a glance “inside the PMT”. Parameters like dark count rates and ion afterpulsing are measurable as a function of the incident photon position as well as the temporal and spacial spread of recoil electrons and electronic and charge-sharing crosstalk even inside a magnetic field.
Excellent particle identification (PID) will be essential for the PANDA experiment at FAIR. The Barrel DIRC will separate kaons and pions with at least 3 s.d. for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c and polar ...angles between 22 and 140 deg. After successful validation of the final design in the CERN PS/T9 beam line, the tendering process for the two most time- and cost-intensive items, radiator bars and MCP-PMTs, started in 2018. In Sep. 2019 Nikon was selected to build the fused silica bars and successfully completed the series production of 112 bars in Feb. 2021. Measurements of the mechanical quality of the bars were performed by Nikon and the optical quality was evaluated at GSI. In Dec. 2020, the contract for the fabrication of the MCP-PMTs was awarded to PHOTONIS and the delivery of the first-of-series MCP-PMTs is expected in July 2021. We present the design of the PANDA Barrel DIRC as well as the status of the component series production and the result of the quality assurance measurements.
Abstract
The mass and flow fields from June 2006 to May 2009 in the Calypso Deep (bottom depth ~5.2 km) are investigated using eddy-resolving surface-to-bottom hydrography (station grid spacing ...~0.2°) and two tall moorings yielding current-meter records at depths from 700 m to near bottom. A salty warm lens (excess core salinity and temperature are ~0.01 and 0.025°C relative to the surrounding water) of Cretan Deep Water with a core at ~3000 m and a horizontal (vertical) scale of ~50 km (1.5 km) is identified in June 2006 to be locked over the trough. The lens coincides with local maxima in dissolved oxygen. In October 2006 the salinity content of the lens and of all deeper layers is increased; the oxygen maxima are shifted to the bottom layers, indicating an episodic intrusion of higher-density ventilated Adriatic water. The circulation changes from anticyclonic at all depths in June 2006 to cyclonic below ~2.5 km in October 2006, whereas after January 2007 it is cyclonic at all instrumented depths. The measured currents are weak (mean speeds < 5 cm s
−1
) and persistent in direction, being mostly along the bottom topography at all current-meter depths. After October 2006, the lens erodes due to salt/heat loss caused predominantly by lateral (intrusive) mixing, which works from the outside toward the lens center. The horizontal diffusivity is on the order of ~10 m
2
s
−1
, near the center of the lens, and ~10
2
to 10
3
m
2
s
−1
, at its periphery, with an average error ~15 times the diffusivity value. In the deepest part of the trough and in periods of predominance of vertical mixing the vertical diffusivity at 4400 m is ~(4 ± 3) × 10
−3
m
2
s
−1
.
A valuable functionality for sensor networks, distributed in large volumes is the capability to characterize and analyze the data traffic at wire speed and monitor the data prior to committing to ...permanent storage. As a demonstrator we use a reconfigurable hardware router for real-time monitoring of data before their transmission to further processing and storage. The reconfigurable hardware router is based on the NetFPGA platform. In this study we report on the hardware implementation to monitor web-based network applications and compare our results with a software based network analyzer.
The shore station of a deep-sea neutrino telescope hosts the on-shore DAQ system and any other system required for sustained operation and control of the telescope. We present design choices of the ...on-shore DAQ system, which is independent of the actual implementations in the deep-sea readout systems. The realization of this design is possible with commercially available components only.
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