Obesity and Aging: General Aspects Dyleva, Yu. A.; Belik, E. V.; Gruzdeva, O. V.
Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology,
03/2023, Letnik:
59, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes, and cancer; it also reduces ...life expectancy by up to 20 years, increasing the risk of premature death. It has been shown that obesity-associated metabolic changes are similar to those observed in aging. For example, obesity and aging share a similar range of phenotypes, such as genome disintegration, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immune system, and systemic inflammation. The commonality of mechanisms may underlie the acceleration of aging processes, both at molecular and systemic levels. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity can provide deeper insight into the processes that contribute to aging-related metabolic dysfunction. The present review addresses the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity and aging, as well as the issue of how obesity can activate aging, initiating the early onset of aging-related chronic diseases.
An avalanche silicon photodiode has been developed for the near IR, visible, UV and VUV light ranges. The external quantum efficiency has been studied in the 114–170 and 210–1100 nm ranges. It has ...been demonstrated that the avalanche photodiode reaches the quantum yield of 29 to 9300 electrons/photon at the 160 nm wavelength and bias voltage of 190–303 V, respectively.
We have designed a silicon avalanche photodiode for detecting vacuum ultraviolet radiation. The external quantum yield of a silicon avalanche photodiode has been investigated in the wavelength range ...of 120–170 nm. It is shown that the avalanche photodiode has an external quantum yield of 24–150 electrons/photons at a reverse bias voltage of 230–345 V. Testing of this avalanche photodiode with pulsed illumination at wavelengths of 280 and 340 nm has shown performance corresponding to a transmission band no narrower than 25 MHz.
•The detailed P–T phase diagram of BiMnO3 was established.•We found three monoclinic modifications of BiMnO3 at pressure and temperature.•A suppression of monoclinic C2/c phase have been observed ...under pressure.•We found a new orthorhombic Imma phase of BiMnO3 at P>20GPa.
Structural phase transitions in BiMnO3 were studied by means of energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction in the pressure 0–4GPa and temperature 300–900K ranges, and also by means of angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy at high pressures up to 50GPa and ambient temperature. The P–T phase diagram of BiMnO3 was constructed. A suppression of the transition temperatures between monoclinic C2/c and orthorhombic Pnma phases was observed under pressure. The temperature and pressure dependencies of lattice parameters were obtained. A new orthorhombic Imma phase was observed at P>20GPa. The lattice dynamics calculations were performed for the analysis of the Raman spectra of BiMnO3.
The aim of our study was to study the effect of prebiotic components on the quality indicators of enriched yogurt. Yogurt was produced by fermenting pasteurized normalized milk with yoghurt ...sourdough, which included lyophilically dried strains of Streptococcus thrmophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bactidiochemia sulphonidae with the addition of lactobacillus cultivar and yeast lactobacillus complex ), in addition, in order to enrich the product with vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds, mashed potatoes from blueberries and dogwood were used. In the course of the study, we evaluated organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators, carried out a comparative analysis of the content of vitamins and trace elements in a traditional and enriched product. It was established that enrichment of yogurt with a prebiotic complex and fruit and berry puree contributed to the improvement of quality indicators, due to an increase in nutritional value, an increase in the content of vitamins (C, B1, B2, E and PP) and microelements (Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe). The prebiotic properties and immunogenic effects of wheat bran and yeast cell wall components, as well as the polyphenolic compounds of blueberries and cornel berries, make it possible to use yogurt as an adaptogenic product with probiotic, prebiotic neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties.
Aim.
To evaluate the prevalence of leptin resistance (LR) and its clinical and prognostic value in association with metabolic disorders and features of the proinflammatory state in the hospital ...period of myocardial infarction.
Materials and methods.
The study included 114 men diagnosed with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). On day 1 and 12 of MI, the levels of leptin and leptin receptor were measured in patients, and the free leptin index (FLI) was calculated. Leptin resistance (LR) was recorded at leptin > 6.45 ng / ml and FLI > 25. A comparative analysis of clinical and anamnestic characteristics, biochemical parameters, and cardiovascular prognosis was carried out between patients with and without LR. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package and SPSS 17.0 for Windows
.
Results.
The prevalence of LR in the hospital period of MI was 64%. LR was associated with cardiovascular pathology in the family history, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The presence of LR was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and interleukin (IL)-6 on day 1 of MI and by a significant rise in insulin, C-peptide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) throughout the hospital stay. Patients with LR were characterized by multi-vessel and more severe lesions of the coronary bed and were more often subject to early post-infarction angina, recurrent MI, rhythm and conduction disturbances during hospital stay for MI.
Conclusion.
Patients with MI are characterized by high prevalence of LR during the hospital stay. LR is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic disorders, formation of insulin resistance, and increased proinflammatory and prothrombogenic factors. The identified features in the presence of LR probably contribute to the development of adverse cardiovascular events in the hospital period of MI.
In the years 2017–2020, 104 young or adult Demoiselle Cranes (
Anthropoides virgo
) were tracked with GPS-GSM transmitters in Ukraine, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Eight flyways from different parts of ...the Demoiselle Crane distribution range were specified, with key areas for each flyway identified. In the European part of the range, cranes from different breeding groups followed two flyways using the same route in the fall and spring. The Azov–Black Sea breeding group wintered in Chad, while the Caspian, Volga–Ural, and Cis-Ural breeding groups spent winters in Sudan. Demoiselle Cranes from the Asian part of the range excluding the Trans-Urals carried out a circular migration. In the fall, they used six main flyways to northwestern India arriving there from the north, northeast, and east. In the spring, they flew firstly in a narrow front to the western tip of the Tien Shan Mountains, and then flew out like a fan to the north, northeast, and east. At wintering grounds and summer gatherings, gene flow can occur between cranes of different breeding groups. The migration period consisted of two stages: trophic, when cranes accumulate energy resources, and transit, when they make a long active flight without replenishing energy reserves. Fall migration took place over a short time. With migration route lengths totaling 2170 to 5600 km, the distance of the transit migration varied from 1900 to 4600 km, and their duration lasted from seven to 13 days. This is obviously a period that the Demoiselle Crane is capable of overcoming without essential replenishment of the energy costs, due to the resources accumulated before starting the transit migration. The spring migration of adults was more extended, with shorter daily flights and a longer rest at transit migratory stopovers, this probably being necessary to save energy before the breeding period. Some young cranes returned to their places of birth with their parents in the spring, while others made a transit flight to the first places of a long trophic migratory stopovers located in the southern part of the steppe zone. Some of them spend the whole summer in these territories, while others gradually move to their birthplaces, arriving 1–1.5 months later than adults do. Some young birds visit their birthplaces only after the second winter. Young birds from Transbaikalia and probably from the Altai and Khakassia made two transit flights with a long rest approximately in the middle of the flyway.
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