Cyanobacterial harmful algal proliferations (cyanoHAPs) are increasingly associated with dog and livestock deaths when benthic mats break free of their substrate and float to the surface. Fatalities ...have been linked to neurotoxicosis from anatoxins, potent alkaloids produced by certain genera of filamentous cyanobacteria. After numerous reports of dog illnesses and deaths at a popular recreation site on Lady Bird Lake, Austin, Texas in late summer 2019, water and floating mat samples were collected from several sites along the reservoir. Water quality parameters were measured and mat samples were maintained for algal isolation and DNA identification. Samples were also analyzed for cyanobacterial toxins using LC-MS. Dihydroanatoxin-a was detected in mat materials from two of the four sites (0.6-133 ng/g wet weight) while water samples remained toxin-free over the course of the sampling period; no other cyanobacterial toxins were detected. DNA sequencing analysis of cyanobacterial isolates yielded a total of 11 genera, including
,
,
, and
/
, taxa known to produce anatoxins, including dihydroanatoxin, among other cyanotoxins. Analyses indicate that low daily upriver dam discharge, higher TP and NO
concentrations, and day of the year were the main parameters associated with the presence of toxic floating cyanobacterial mats.
We report the observation of single top-quark production using 3.2 fb(-1) of ppover collision data with sqrts=1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The significance of the ...observed data is 5.0 standard deviations, and the expected sensitivity for standard model production and decay is in excess of 5.9 standard deviations. Assuming m(t) = 175 GeV/c(2), we measure a cross section of 2.3(-0.5);(+0.6)(stat + syst) pb, extract the CKM matrix-element value |V(tb)| = 0.91 + or - 0.11(stat + syst) + or - 0.07(theory), and set the limit |V(tb)| > 0.71 at the 95% C.L.
We combine six measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair (tt) production cross section (sigmatt) from data collected with the CDF and DO detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron with proton-antiproton ...collisions at radicals = 1.96 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 8.8 fb super(-1). We obtain a value of sigmatt = 7.60 + or - 0.41 pb for a top-quark mass of mt = 172.5 GeV. The contributions to the uncertainty are 0.20 pb from statistical sources, 0.29 pb from systematic sources, and 0.21 pb from the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The result is in good agreement with the standard model expectation of (ProQuest: Formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted) pb at next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to leading logarithms in perturbative QCD.
Grignard reagents undergo conjugate addition to thiochromones catalyzed by copper salts to afford 2-substituted-thiochroman-4-ones, both 2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones and thioflavanones ...(2-arylthiochroman-4-ones), in good yields with trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) as an additive. The best yields of 1,4-adducts can be attained with CuCN∙2LiCl as the copper source. Excellent yields of 2-alkyl-substituted thiochroman-4-ones and thioflavanones (2-aryl substituted) are attained with a broad range of Grignard reagents. This approach works well with both alkyl and aromatic Grignard reagents, thus providing a unified synthetic approach to privileged 2-substituted thiochroman-4-ones and a potential valuable precursor for further synthetic applications towards many pharmaceutically active molecules. The use of commercially available and/or readily prepared Grignard reagents will expedite the synthesis of a large library of both 2-alkyl substituted thiochroman-4-ones and thioflavanones for additional synthetic applications.
Lithium dialkylcuprates undergo conjugate addition to thiochromones to afford 2-alkylthiochroman-4-ones in good yields. This approach provide an efficient and general synthetic approach to privileged ...sulfur-containing structural motifs and valuable precursors for many pharmaceuticals, starting from common substrates-thiochromones. Good yields of 2-alkyl-substituted thiochroman-4-ones are attained with lithium dialkylcuprates, lithium alkylcyanocuprates or substoichiometric amount of copper salts. The use of commercially available inexpensive alkyllithium reagents will expedite the synthesis of a large library of 2-alkyl substituted thiochroman-4-ones for additional synthetic applications.
We study charged particle production (pT > 0.5 GeV/c, |η| < 0.8) in proton-antiproton collisions at total center-of-mass energies s=300 GeV, 900 GeV, and 1.96 TeV. We use the direction of the charged ...particle with the largest transverse momentum in each event to define three regions of η-φ space: "toward", "away", and "transverse." The average number and the average scalar pT sum of charged particles in the transverse region are sensitive to the modeling of the "underlying event." The transverse region is divided into a MAX and MIN transverse region, which helps separate the "hard component" (initial and final-state radiation) from the "beam-beam remnant" and multiple parton interaction components of the scattering. The center-of-mass energy dependence of the various components of the event is studied in detail. The data presented here can be used to constrain and improve QCD Monte Carlo models, resulting in more precise predictions at the LHC energies of 13 and 14 TeV.
Pennate diatoms are the main group of primary producers in transient microbial biofilms at the sediment surface in muddy intertidal systems. These microalgae produce a substantial quantity of ...extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute significantly to the cohesive properties observed in biofilms. Changes in carbohydrate content and composition and the persistence of diatom EPS were demonstrated with pulse-chase NaH super(13)CO sub(3) labeling and simultaneous detection of isotopic enrichment in polysaccharides and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in Colne Estuary, UK, biofilms over a 48 h period. Significant isotopic enrichment of glucan indicated that a large proportion of fixed carbon was initially sequestered into intracellular chrysolaminaran, and labeled carbon was also quickly used for production of the diatom PLFA 20:5omega3 and EPS. Saccharides in the EPS fractions were enriched rapidly, followed by labeling of distinct bacterial PLFAs through heterotrophic utilization of EPS within 4 h. Maximal isotopic enrichment of diatom and Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs and hot water- and hot bicarbonate- soluble EPS fractions occurred after 4 h, and super(13)C-labeling increased in Gram-positive bacterial PLFAs throughout the study period. After 48 h, PLFAs remained highly labeled relative to diatom-derived polysaccharides, indicating persistence of assimilated C in organisms within the biofilms through time and rapid turnover of polysaccharide pools within the biofilms. Coupled pulse-chase isotopic labeling and simultaneous tracking of super(13)C in polysaccharides and PLFAs directly demonstrated the flow of carbon between biofilm autotrophs and heterotrophic bacteria and the significance of diatom- derived carbohydrates in this exchange.
We present a measurement of the total decay width of the top quark using events with top-antitop quark pair candidates reconstructed in the final state with one charged lepton and four or more ...hadronic jets. We use the full Tevatron run II data set of sqrts=1.96 TeV proton-antiproton collisions recorded by the CDF II detector. The top quark mass and the mass of the hadronically decaying W boson are reconstructed for each event and compared with distributions derived from simulated signal and background samples to extract the top quark width (Γtop) and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets with in situ calibration. For a top quark mass Mtop=172.5 GeV/c2, we find 1.10<Γtop<4.05 GeV at 68% confidence level, which is in agreement with the standard model expectation of 1.3 GeV and is the most precise direct measurement of the top quark width to date.
We present a search for high-mass neutral resonances using dimuon data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb(-1) collected in ppover collisions at sqrts=1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector ...at the Fermilab Tevatron. No significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed in the dimuon invariant-mass spectrum. We set 95% confidence level upper limits on sigmaBR(pp-->X-->micromicro), where X is a boson with spin-0, 1, or 2. Using these cross section limits, we determine lower mass limits on sneutrinos in R-parity-violating supersymmetric models, Z' bosons, and Kaluza-Klein gravitons in the Randall-Sundrum model.
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