Julijan Odpadnik je bil rimski cesar, ki je v četrtem stoletju, ko se je krščanstvo pod Konstantinom že uveljavilo, skušal preobrniti zgodovino nazaj v čas poganstva. Njegova vladavina je bila kratka ...in nepričakovana, zanjo pa so bile značilne verske reforme in vojaški pohod nad Perzijo. Krščanski pisci ga prikazujejo negativno, za poganskega zgodovinopisca Amijana Marcelina pa je predstavljal podobo idealnega vladarja. V svojem zgodovinopisnem delu Res gestae je Julijana prikazal kot izbranca bogov. Kljub občudovanju mu ni prizanesel s kritiko, je pa načrtno zmanjševal pomen verskih in drugih zadev, ki bi lahko škodovale njegovi podobi. Da bi mu povečal veljavo, ga je primerjal z mnogimi slavnimi osebami iz grške in rimske preteklosti, prejšnjega cesarja Konstancija in Julijanovega brata Gala pa je prikazal izrazito negativno. Kljub naklonjenosti bogov pa je Julijan na pohodu proti Perziji zavrnil vsa svarilna znamenja, kar ga je stalo življenja. Njegovo smrt Amijan vzporeja s Sokratovo smrtjo in ga s tem prikaže kot vladarja filozofa, kar se ujema z Julijanovim lastnim idealom.
Marine (blue) biotechnology is an emerging field enabling the valorization of new products and processes with massive potential for innovation and economic growth. In the Mediterranean region, this ...innovation potential is not exploited as well as in other European regions due to a lack of a clear identification of the different value chains and the high fragmentation of business innovation initiatives. As a result, several opportunities to create an innovative society are being missed. To address this problem, eight Northern Mediterranean countries (Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) established five national blue biotechnology hubs to identify and address the bottlenecks that prevent the development of marine biotechnology in the region. Following a three-step approach (1. Analysis: setting the scene; 2. Transfer: identification of promising value chains; 3. Capitalization: community creation), we identified the three value chains that are most promising for the Northern Mediterranean region: algae production for added-value compounds, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and valorization aquaculture/fisheries/processing by-products, unavoidable/unwanted catches and discards. The potential for the development and the technical and non-technical skills that are necessary to advance in this exciting field were identified through several stakeholder events which provided valuable insight and feedback that should be addressed for marine biotechnology in the Northern Mediterranean region to reach its full potential.
The increasing and rapid development in technologies, infrastructures, computational power, data availability and information flow has enabled rapid scientific advances. These entail ...transdisciplinary collaborations that maximize sharing of data and knowledge and, consequently, results, and possible technology transfer. However, in emerging scientific fields it is sometimes difficult to provide all necessary expertise within existing collaborative circles. This is especially true for marine biotechnology that directly addresses global societal challenges. This article describes the creation of a platform dedicated to facilitating the formation of short or mid-term collaborative networks in marine biotechnology. This online platform (
https://www.ocean4biotech.eu/map/
) enables experts (researchers and members of the marine biotechnology community in general) to have the possibility to showcase their expertise with the aim of being integrated into new collaborations/consortia on the one hand, or to use it as a search tool to complement the expertise in planned/running collaborations, on the other. The platform was created within the Ocean4Biotech (European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology) Action, funded under the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). To build the platform, an inquiry was developed to identify experts in marine biotechnology and its adjunct fields, to define their expertise, to highlight their infrastructures and facilities and to pinpoint the main bottlenecks in this field. The inquiry was open to all experts in the broad field of marine biotechnology, including non-members of the consortium. The inquiry (
https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/single/UKVsBNtD
) remains open for insertion of additional expertise and the resulting interactive map can be used as a display and search tool for establishing new collaborations.
PDF
