L’objectif de notre travail c’est d’évaluer l’apport en iode dans la région de Sidi Bel Abbes en Algérie pour mieux cerner la pathologie du goitre endémique chez cette population. Nous avons menés ...une étude de l’iode urinaire chez un groupe de 82 enfants scolarisés dans la région de Sidi Bel Abbes. L’enquête a été effectuée durant les mois de mars et mai 2010. La mesure de l’iode urinaire a été réalisée à l’aide d’une réaction de Sandell-Kolthoff modifiée, dans laquelle l’iodure agit comme catalyseur dans la réduction de sulfate d’ammonium cérique en céreux par l’arsenic et il est détecté par la vitesse de disparition de la couleur (Dunn et al., 1993). Les résultats de l’iode urinaire ont été comparés aux normes définies par l’organisation mondiale de la santé et le conseil international pour la lutte contre les troubles dus à une carence en iode (OMS/UNICEF/ICIDD, 1994). La médiane et la moyenne ont été exprimées en μg d’iode par litre d’urine. La médiane des résultats de l’iodurie de ces enfants était de 166 μg d’iode par litre qui correspond à un apport en iode quotidien suffisant selon la classification de l’organisation mondiale de la santé et le conseil international pour la lutte contre les troubles dus à une carence en iode. La moyenne de l’iode urinaire était de 172,117 μg par litre. Dans ce cas, l’étiologie du goitre dans cette région reste a déterminée.
The characterization of powder flow properties is often required for reliable design and proper operation of industrial processes. The effect of the state of compaction and bed voidage on bulk solids ...flowability is probably the most critical area of understanding. The goal of the present study is to compare traditional characterization techniques with methodologies provided by the FT4 Powder Rheometer (Freeman Technology). The data from six different methods, covering low to high stress levels, were compared to examine the hypothetical relationships between them. These techniques were also evaluated with regard to their ability to discriminate between different powders. To make a comparison of the testing methods, a range of seven materials was selected to cover the entire range of fine powders, i.e., from nanoparticles to group B powders.
The results showed that the characterization techniques clearly have different working ranges depending on the level of cohesiveness of the powder. The powder rheometer was found to allow quick and reproducible measurements of the powder response to various environments. The different blade testing methods provided data that were in good agreement with traditional characterization techniques. However, the powder rheometer measurements were difficult to interpret because they depend on many physical properties and environmental parameters. They were particularly useful to compare similar materials but did not allow good discrimination between very different materials. A more detailed understanding of the physical phenomena involved in blade testing techniques is still needed.
Finally, this study showed that powders and bulk materials cannot be viewed as invariant entities. Their flow properties cannot be predicted by only one indicator. The connection of several characterization methods is required to ensure a complete understanding of the powder flow properties over a wide range of conditions. This approach allows better insight into the powder/process relationship.
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•The state of compaction greatly affects the powder flow properties.•The powder rheometer FT4 allows quick and reproducible measurements.•The characterization methods have different working ranges.•The combination of several characterization methods is required.
Objective:To examine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus(E.globulus).Methods:The essential oils of this plant were obtained by the ...hydrodistillation method.The inhibitory effects of this essential oil were tested against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)by using agar disc diffusion and dilution broth methods.Results:The results obtained showed that essential oil of the leaves of E.globulus has antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria(E.coli)as well as gram positive bacteria(S.aureus).Conclusion:The encouraging results indicate the essential oil of E.globulus leaves might be exploited as natural antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by these two germs,and could be useful in understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines.
We study shadow aspects of superentropic black holes in four dimensions. Using Hamilton-Jacobi formalism, we first get the null geodesic equations. In the celestial coordinate framework relying on ...with fixed positions of observers, we investigate the shadow behaviors in terms of the mass and the cosmological scale variation parameters. Among others, we obtain ellipse shaped geometries contrary to usual black hole solutions. Modifying the ordinary relations describing geometrical observables, we discuss the size and the shape deformation parameters of these non-trivial geometric forms. Due to horizonless limits associated whit certain mass values, we explore the shadow of the naked singularity of such black holes.
We investigate the shadow behaviors of the superentropic black holes in arbitrary dimensions. Using the Hamilton–Jacobi mechanism, we first obtain the associated null geodesic equations of motion. By ...help of a spheric stereographic projection, we discuss the shadows in terms of one-dimensional real curves. Fixing the mass parameter
m
, we obtain certain shapes being remarkably different than four dimensional geometric configurations. We then study theirs behaviors by varying the black hole mass parameter. We show that the shadows undergo certain geometric transitions depending on the spacetime dimension. In terms of a critical value
m
c
, we find that the four dimensional shadows exhibit three configurations being the D-shape, the cardioid and the naked singularity associated with
m
>
m
c
,
m
=
m
c
and
m
<
m
c
, respectively. We reveal that the D-shape passes to the naked singularity via a critical curve called cardioid. In higher dimensions, however, we show that such transitional behaviors are removed.
We explore a link between AdS black hole thermodynamics and the deflection angle variation. Using the elliptic function analysis, we first study the phase structure of RN-AdS solutions in terms of ...optical aspects. Precisely, we find that the stable and the unstable phases can be derived from thermal variations of the deflection angle. Then, we investigate the Hawking-Page transition from the Gibbs energy optical dependence. Among others, we reveal that the large black hole/small black hole transition occurs at a specific value of the deflection angle. The finding results, being confirmed by the help of the Ruppeiner metric of the phase state space, indicate that the deflection angle can be exploited to unveil data on thermodynamics of AdS black holes.
Septic shock is characterized by dysregulation of the host response to infection, with circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. We hypothesized that therapy with hydrocortisone plus ...fludrocortisone or with drotrecogin alfa (activated), which can modulate the host response, would improve the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock.
In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we evaluated the effect of hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone therapy, drotrecogin alfa (activated), the combination of the three drugs, or their respective placebos. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included mortality at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and hospital discharge and at day 28 and day 180 and the number of days alive and free of vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, or organ failure. After drotrecogin alfa (activated) was withdrawn from the market, the trial continued with a two-group parallel design. The analysis compared patients who received hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone with those who did not (placebo group).
Among the 1241 patients included in the trial, the 90-day mortality was 43.0% (264 of 614 patients) in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group and 49.1% (308 of 627 patients) in the placebo group (P=0.03). The relative risk of death in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.99). Mortality was significantly lower in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group than in the placebo group at ICU discharge (35.4% vs. 41.0%, P=0.04), hospital discharge (39.0% vs. 45.3%, P=0.02), and day 180 (46.6% vs. 52.5%, P=0.04) but not at day 28 (33.7% and 38.9%, respectively; P=0.06). The number of vasopressor-free days to day 28 was significantly higher in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group than in the placebo group (17 vs. 15 days, P<0.001), as was the number of organ-failure-free days (14 vs. 12 days, P=0.003). The number of ventilator-free days was similar in the two groups (11 days in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group and 10 in the placebo group, P=0.07). The rate of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups, but hyperglycemia was more common in hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group.
In this trial involving patients with septic shock, 90-day all-cause mortality was lower among those who received hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2007 of the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; APROCCHSS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00625209 .).
We study the shadow behaviors of five dimensional (5D) black holes embedded in type IIB superstring/supergravity inspired spacetimes by considering solutions with and without rotations. Geometrical ...properties as shapes and sizes are analyzed in terms of the D3-brane number and the rotation parameter. Concretely, we find that the shapes are indeed significantly distorted by such physical parameters and the size of the shadows decreases with the brane or “color” number and the rotation. Then, we investigate geometrical observables and energy emission rate aspects.
In this paper, we construct the slowly rotating case of an asymptotically flat supermassive black hole embedded in dark matter using Newman–Janis procedure. Our analysis is carried with respect to ...the involved parameters including the halo total mass
M
and the galaxy’s lengthscale
a
0
. Concretly, we investigate the dark matter impact on the effective potential and the photon sphere. In particular, we find that the lengthscale
a
0
controles such potential values. Indeed, for low
a
0
values, we find that the halo total mass
M
decreases the potential values significantly while for high
a
0
values such impact is diluted. Regarding the shadow aspects, we show that the shadow size is much smaller for high values of
a
0
while the opposite effect is observed when the halo total mass
M
is increased. By comparing our case to the slowly rotating case, we notice that the former exhibits a shadow shifted from its center to the left side. Finally, we compute the deflection angle in the weak-limit approximation and inspect the dark matter parameters influence. By ploting such quantity, we observe that one should expect lower bending angle values for black holes in galactic nuclei.
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