El objetivo de este trabajo fue la obtención de zonas físicas óptimas para los cultivos de arroz (Oriza sativa L.), maíz (Zea mays L.) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum oficinarum L.). Se determinaron los ...requerimientos edáficos y climáticos de dichos cultivos. Se superpusieron mapas geopedológicos y climáticos de 14 cantones que conforman la cuenca baja del río Guayas, a través de un Sistema de información Geográfica (SIG), obteniéndose como resultado el mapa agroecológico, y que mediante la aplicación de un lenguaje estructurado de consulta, a los atributos del mapa, y teniendo de base los requerimientos edafo-climáticos de los cultivos, se obtuvieron las zonas con condiciones aptas para cada uno de los mismos: 50 682 ha (7,3 % del área de estudio) para el cultivo de arroz, 103 992 ha (15 %) para el cultivo de maíz y 24 188 ha (3,5 %) para el cultivo de caña de azúcar. Se concluyó que la zonificación es una herramienta que permite gestionar el territorio, mediante el correcto manejo de los recursos, combinando los requerimientos climáticos y edáficos de los cultivos con los estudios de suelos, definiendo zonas homogéneas que reúnen características óptimas que permitan aumentar la producción por unidad de superficie, en tierras con verdadera vocación agrícola.
Cystic hygroma and the importance in its prenatal diagnosis Arévalo Suárez, Yuli Alexandra; Espinosa Benítez, Quenia Lorena; Masabanda Poaquiza, Patricia Elisabeth ...
Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies,
07/2023, Letnik:
4, Številka:
SI1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Introduction: Cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that presents as single cavities filled with fluid, more frequently at the cervical level and can be associated with ...genetic syndromes and malformations. Objective: To carry out a systematic review through the study of cystic hygroma and its importance in its prenatal diagnosis. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review of the studies focused on cystic hygroma was carried out. Literature search techniques included search engines such as Medline (Pubmed), Scielo, Elseiver. A total of 20 items are included. Results: Cystic hygromas are endothelial cell-covered cysts that arise from lymphatic malformations. Many of them affect the cervical lymph nodes and occur in the neck region. Other preferred locations are the axilla, mediastinum, groin, and retroperitoneal area, where these cystic lesions are present at birth. Conclusions: The importance of prenatal diagnosis methods are fundamental to know the potential problems that the R.N. after his birth.
A Amazônia é o maior reservatório terrestre de carbono no Planeta, revelando sua importância na compreensão e gestão do balanço global de carbono. A maior porcentagem deste carbono encontra-se ...armazenada na biomassa vegetal das florestas, que apresenta uma distribuição espacial e temporal heterogênea, dependendo consideravelmente da diversidade e dinâmica complexa dos ecossistemas amazônicos. Modelar sua distribuição espacial com maior exatidão tem-se tornado um desafio atual para a comunidade científica, já que contribui na redução das incertezas abrangidas na estimativa de emissões de carbono derivadas da mudança no uso e cobertura da terra. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes. A primeira etapa refere-se à modelagem da distribuição espacial de biomassa acima do solo utilizando diferentes técnicas geoestatísticas através da integração e análise de dados obtidos em diferentes escalas (campo, cartográfico e de sensores orbitais de alta resolução espacial), com a finalidade de encontrar a melhor metodologia que se ajuste à realidade da Amazônia equatoriana. O resultado desta primeira etapa do trabalho mostrou que a modelagem da biomassa através da regressão geograficamente ponderada-krigagem (RGP-K) conseguiu explicar a heterogeneidade da biomassa acima do solo (BAS) melhorando as estimativas. Adicionalmente, as estimativas de BAS calculadas neste trabalho em escala local ou nacional foram comparadas com estimativas de BAS em escala regional publicadas na literatura (BACCINI et al., 2012; SAATCHI et al., 2011). Os resultados desta comparação indicaram que os valores de BAS estimados em escala regional são consideravelmente maiores em comparação com valores estimados em escala nacional. Assim, as estimativas de estoques de carbono podem variar até 13\% do conteúdo total de carbono na área de estudo utilizando os mapas de BAS gerados e mencionados neste estudo. Este valor pode-se tornar maior quando a quantificação é feita para cada formação vegetal. Portanto, o uso de imagens de alta resolução espacial ajuda a melhorar as estimativas de BAS pelo fato de conseguir discriminar com maior detalhe os diferentes tipos de formações vegetais abrangidos na floresta amazônica. O total de carbono acima do solo estocado na vegetação natural da área de estudo para o ano 2011 foi de 0,35 Pg C (resultado da modelagem a partir da RGP-K). Já, na segunda etapa desta pesquisa calcula-se as emissões de carbono derivadas do desmatamento na área de estudo, quantificado um total de 32 Tg C liberados no período de 1990-2011, com uma média anual de 1,6 Tg C a$^{-1}$. Esta informação torna-se uma base metodológica para elaborar e melhorar os níveis de referência de emissões de carbono florestais no Equador, o que permita atender aos requisitos dos programas REDD+ na mitigação da mudança climática.
The Amazon is the highest terrestrial carbon sink on the Planet, reveling its importance in the understanding and management of the global carbon budget. The most percentage of this carbon is stored in the forest biomass. That biomass presents a heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution that depends considerably of the Amazon ecosystems diversity and complex dynamics. Nowadays, modelling the spatial distribution of forest biomass with higher accuracy is a challenge for the scientific community, since it helps to reduce the uncertainties associates with the carbon emissions from land use and land cover change. In this context, this research was divided in two parts. The first part relates to modeling the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass using geo-statistical techniques through the integration and analysis of data obtained at different scales (field, cartography and high spatial resolution satellite sensors) in order to find the best methodology that fits the reality of the Ecuadorian Amazon. The results of the first stage of this work showed that the aboveground biomass (AGB) heterogeneity could be modelling through the Geographical Weight Regression-Kriging (GWR-K), improving the estimates accuracy. Additionally, AGB estimates calculated in this work for a local or national scale were compared with BAS estimates for a regional scale published in the literature (BACCINI et al., 2012; SAATCHI et al., 2011). The results of this analyses revealed that the AGB estimated for a regional scale are considerably higher than the estimates calculated for a national scale. Thus, differences among carbon stocks estimates based on different biomass data sources can be on the order of 13\% using the biomass maps generated and listed in this study. This value could be higher when the quantification is made for each vegetation type. Hence, the use of high spatial resolution images helps improve estimates of BAS by the fact that they can discriminate with more detail the different vegetation types in the Amazon rainforest. Results indicate that the total amount of aboveground carbon stored in natural vegetation of the study area for 2011 was 0.35 Pg C (result of GWR-K modeling). In the second part of this research was combined estimates of aboveground carbon stocks with regional deforestation rates to estimate carbon emissions. Thus, the total gross carbon emission across study area to be 32 Tg C over the period 1990 - 2011, with an annual average of 1.6 Tg C $^{a-1}$. This information becomes a reference for reporting and improve the Ecuadors Forest Reference Emission Level for Deforestation and thus meet the requirements of REDD+ programs to successful mitigation of climate change.
A series of highly ordered mesoporous Cr2O3 were prepared through the nanocasting pathway from decomposition of chromium(VI) oxide using KIT-6 as a hard template. The effects of the calcination ...temperature on the crystal structure, textural parameters and magnetic properties of the material were investigated. It was found that with increasing calcination temperature, surface area and pore volume of the mesoporous Cr2O3 decreased slightly. Unpredictably, increasing calcination temperature also influences the lattice parameters of the Cr2O3 crystal, and this rearrangement in the lattice parameter leads to changes in the value of the Néel temperature. A spin-flop transition has been observed at a magnetic field smaller than that of bulk material.
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). TREM2 plays a critical role in microglial activation, ...survival, and phagocytosis; however, the pathophysiological role of sTREM2 in AD is not well understood. Understanding the role of sTREM2 in AD may reveal new pathological mechanisms and lead to the identification of therapeutic targets. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic modifiers of CSF sTREM2 obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Common variants in the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (
) gene region were associated with CSF sTREM2 concentrations (rs1582763;
= 1.15 × 10
); this was replicated in independent datasets. The variants associated with increased CSF sTREM2 concentrations were associated with reduced AD risk and delayed age at onset of disease. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1582763 modified expression of the
and
genes in multiple tissues, suggesting that one or both of these genes are important for modulating sTREM2 production. Using human macrophages as a proxy for microglia, we found that MS4A4A and TREM2 colocalized on lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, that sTREM2 increased with
overexpression, and that silencing of
reduced sTREM2 production. These genetic, molecular, and cellular findings suggest that MS4A4A modulates sTREM2. These findings also provide a mechanistic explanation for the original GWAS signal in the
locus for AD risk and indicate that TREM2 may be involved in AD pathogenesis not only in
risk-variant carriers but also in those with sporadic disease.
Abstract
The diverse functions of WASP, the deficiency of which causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), remain poorly defined. We generated three isogenic WAS models using patient induced pluripotent ...stem cells and genome editing. These models recapitulated WAS phenotypes and revealed that WASP deficiency causes an upregulation of numerous RNA splicing factors and widespread altered splicing. Loss of WASP binding to splicing factor gene promoters frequently leads to aberrant epigenetic activation. WASP interacts with dozens of nuclear speckle constituents and constrains SRSF2 mobility. Using an optogenetic system, we showed that WASP forms phase-separated condensates that encompasses SRSF2, nascent RNA and active Pol II. The role of WASP in gene body condensates is corroborated by ChIPseq and RIPseq. Together our data reveal that WASP is a nexus regulator of RNA splicing that controls the transcription of splicing factors epigenetically and the dynamics of the splicing machinery through liquid-liquid phase separation.
Objective
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite multiple studies addressing healthcare disparities, disparate outcomes in LN ...persist. We investigate herein the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and LN as well as the association between SES, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and treatment response.
Methods
Patients were selected from the Southern California Lupus Registry (SCOLR), a registry enrolling all-comers with SLE. Analysis was completed on individuals with public vs. private insurance. Insurance and ethnicity were used as surrogate variables for SES, and we tested differences in means.
Results
After adjusting for age and sex, public insurance was independently associated with the prevalence of LN. Analysis of 35 patients revealed greater proteinuria and mean SLEDAI in patients with public insurance at baseline and 6 months. Baseline, 6-, and 12-month SLEDAI means were significantly lower in Asian/Pacific Islanders (PI) compared to others. While non-Hispanic Whites demonstrated mean SLEDAI improvement over 6 months, Asians/PI, Blacks, and Hispanics demonstrated worsened disease activity on average.
Conclusion
Low SES, when defined by insurance, is associated with greater adverse outcomes in SLE. This is the first regional study that compares differences in treatment response in LN patients with low SES as well as association of SES with long-term outcomes in SLE and LN in southern California.
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