The global market has a high demand for premium edible grade groundnut, particularly for table use. India, in particular, exhibits significant potential for exporting confectionary grade large seeded ...groundnut. The environment plays a significant impact in influencing the expression of seed traits, which subsequently affects the confectionary quality of groundnut genotypes. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in India are prominent producers of high-quality groundnuts specifically used for confectionary purposes. The current study was conducted with 43 confectionery groundnut genotypes at Junagadh, Gujarat, and Bikaner, Rajasthan, with the goals of understanding genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) effects and identifying stable, high yielding confectionery quality groundnut genotypes using AMMI and GGE biplot models. Pod yield per plant (PYP), number of pods per plant (NPP), hundred kernel weight (HKW), and shelling percent (SP) were estimated. The interplay between the environment and genotype has had a notable impact on the manifestation of confectionary grade characteristics in peanuts. The results from the Interaction Principal Component Analysis (IPCA) indicate that HKW contributed 76.68% and 18.95% towards the Global Environmental Index (GEI) through IPCA1 and IPCA2, respectively. Similarly, NPP contributed 87.52% and 8.65%, PYP contributed 95.87% and 2.1%, and SP contributed 77.4% and 16.22% towards GEI through IPCA1 and IPCA2, respectively. Based on the ranking of genotypes, the ideal genotypes were PBS 29079B for HKW, PBS 29230 for NPP. The genotypes PBS 29233 and PBS 29230 exhibited superior performance and stability in terms of pod yield, hundred kernel weight, number of pods per plant, and shelling percentage across various sites. These breeding lines have the potential to be developed for the purpose of producing confectionary grade groundnut with larger seeds, in order to fulfil the growing demand for export.
Single-electron transistors (SETs), which operate by quantum-mechanically controlled coulomb blockade and the single-electron tunneling effect, are promising candidate future nanoelectronic devices. ...A physics-based analytical model is developed to study the current and quantum capacitance of a SET with an island made of monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe
2
) nanoribbon in an armchair pattern. It is noteworthy that the SET current is not degraded much in the coulomb blockade region, whereas outside this region, the SET current decreases with varying width of the nanoribbon, presumably due to the greater width of the potential well in the island that lowers the tunneling rate. Since atomically thin nanoribbon possesses quantum capacitance, which might cause further degradation in the SET performance, its influences are also studied. A three-band nearest-neighbor tight-binding model is applied to assimilate the details and information of the energy band formation into the quantum capacitance estimation.
An improvement of solid-state fluorescence from a luminous nanocomposite made from corn-starch-based bioplastic by adding intentionally Cu-doped carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has been reported. An ...affordable, environmentally sustainable, one-step hydrothermal technique was employed to synthesize CQDs from
Brassica juncea
flower extract. The morphological, structural, and physicochemical characteristics of the material were investigated. The quasi-circular shaped CQDs have been found to have a size distribution of 2–5 nm, to have yellow-greenish fluorescence upon UV stimulation, to have excellent photostability, and to be highly water soluble, with a quantum yield of up to 18.4%. Interestingly, the fluorescence spectra of intentionally Cu-doped CQDs (hereafter N, Ca, Cu-doped CQDs) were found to be brighter after 280 nm illumination than unintentional one. Furthermore, as a solid-phase dispersion matrix of CQDs, the environmentally benign and biodegradable bioplastic is appealing. As a result, this work demonstrated the effect of Cu-doping on solid-state fluorescence in the down-conversion of UVC tubes via a composite constructed by inserting CQDs into the solid-state matrix of corn-starch-based bioplastic nanocomposite, which demonstrated vivid greenish-yellow emission in the electroluminescent spectra with CIE chromatic coordinates (0.33, 0.58 vs. 0.31, 0.67).
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•We report a simple, cost-effective, eco-sustainable synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots derived from precursor Cissus quadrangularis.•The as-synthesized nitrogen doped-CQDs ...demonstrated a homogeneous size distribution (4–9 nm), green fluorescent nature, great photo-stability, excellent water solubility, and a quantum yield of around 5 %.•A biodegradable wheat-starch-based bioplastic was employed to fabricate an N-doped CQDs@bioplastic composite to demonstrate its potential applications in quantum dot-based optical displays and down-conversion light emitting diodes.•The influence of different CQD concentrations and pH sensitivity were investigated further utilizing fabricated optical displays and LEDs.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-based composites as luminous down-conversion materials are becoming more popular due to several advantages such as steady fluorescence, ease of functionalization, tailoring of emission in the visible range, and so on. We report an inexpensive and environmentally sustainable synthesis of fluorescent nitrogen doped-CQDs produced from Cissus quadrangularis, a low-cost plant precursor with therapeutic value. The morphological, structural, and physicochemical features of the material were carefully investigated. Under UV stimulation (365 nm), almost spherical shaped N-CQDs with an average diameter of 5.1 nm were discovered to generate yellow-green fluorescence, have excellent photostability, and strong water solubility, with a quantum yield of up to 5 %. Furthermore, as a solid-phase dispersion matrix for CQDs, ecologically friendly and biodegradable bioplastic is appealing. The down-conversion of solid-state fluorescence of LEDs and UVC tubes was demonstrated by creating a nanocomposite by inserting N-CQDs into the solid matrix of a wheat starch-based bioplastic. Furthermore, employing constructed quantum dot-based optical displays, down-converted LEDs, and UVC tubes, the impacts of varied CQD concentrations and pH sensitivity were examined.
The biomemristor has gained considerable attention because of its exceptional scalability, remarkable flexibility, simplicity of processing, and low manufacturing cost. Natural biomaterial-based ...memristors have been demonstrated for prospective application due to their sustainability, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, degradability, and biocompatibility. Hence, the leaf extract of the traditional medicinal tree neem (
Azadirachta indica
) was employed in this study to efficiently synthesize a biomaterials-inspired thin film for biomemristor applications. Various morphological, compositional, structural, surface functional, optical, and thermogravimetric analyses were performed on neem thin film. Satisfactory bipolar, reversible and repeatable resistive switching characteristics were obtained. Furthermore, phototunable resistive switching behaviours were examined by embedding carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with neem to develop a CQDs@neem composite biomemristor, which resulted in a 16% reduction in SET voltage and a 2.6% rise in RESET voltage. Satisfactory memristive behaviour was achieved, including appropriate endurance, retention, and a stable resistance ratio between high and low resistance states. The underlying current conduction mechanisms were explored. Finally, a method involving the formation/annihilation of an Ag metal filament and an ionized molecular vacancy filament is proposed to explain the resistive switching behaviour of CQDs@neem composite memristors.
The use of naturally produced biomaterials to develop various electronic devices addresses the long-term demand for bioelectronics. Natural biomaterial-based memristors have been proven for potential ...applications due to their sustainability, non-toxicity, ecological friendly, degradability, and biocompatibility. Hence, in this study, a biomaterials-inspired thin film was successfully synthesized from the leaf extract of the traditional medicinal tree, neem (
Azadirachta indica
) for prospective biomemristor applications that had not before been investigated. The electronic-grade thin film of neem exhibits up to 75% transparency over the majority of the visible spectrum. The various physiochemical, morphological, chemical and topographic characteristics of the deposited neem thin film have been investigated by XRD, FESEM, EDX, AFM and FTIR. Thermal stability of the neem film was further examined through thermogravimetric analysis. The fabricated FTO/Neem/Ag biomemristor demonstrated a reasonable bipolar, repeatable and non-volatile resistive switching along with a low yet stable resistance ratio between high and low resistance states, as well as acceptable endurance and retention characteristics. Using cyclic voltammetry, the physicochemical aspects were investigated further, and the underlying plausible memristive switching mechanisms were discussed. In addition, a feasible conduction mechanism is provided. Neem was also probed to demonstrate its transitory nature as an economical and eco-friendly non-volatile memory device.
Implementing biocompatible and biodegradable information storage would be a giant leap toward next-generation green electronics. Natural biomaterial-based memristors, with their proven prospective ...applications due to their sustainable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, degradable, and biocompatible characteristics, will not only save our environment from harmful chemicals and e-wastes while also allowing the electronic industry to grow. In this work, a biomaterials-inspired thin film was successfully created from the leaf extract of the traditional medicinal herb giloy (
Tinospora cordifolia
) for biomemristor applications. The electronic-grade giloy thin film spin coated on FTO/glass using aqueous giloy solution exhibits remarkable transparency over the majority of the visible spectral range. A reasonable bipolar reversible and non-volatile resistive switching behaviour was obtained. In addition, incorporating carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with giloy to generate a CQDs@giloy composite film resulted in phototunable resistive switching characteristics with a 16% decrease in SET voltage. A reasonable memristive behaviour such as proper endurance, retention and a steady resistance ratio between high and low resistance states over 100 consecutive switching cycles and 100 flexing cycles was obtained. The conduction mechanisms were analysed. Finally, a mechanism in combination with the formation/annihilation of an Ag metal filament and ionized molecular vacancy filament is proposed to explain the resistive switching behaviour.
The antiquity and decline of the Bronze Age Harappan civilization in the Indus-Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys is an enigma in archaeology. Weakening of the monsoon after ~5 ka BP (and droughts ...throughout the Asia) is a strong contender for the Harappan collapse, although controversy exists about the synchroneity of climate change and collapse of civilization. One reason for this controversy is lack of a continuous record of cultural levels and palaeomonsoon change in close proximity. We report a high resolution oxygen isotope (δ(18)O) record of animal teeth-bone phosphates from an archaeological trench itself at Bhirrana, NW India, preserving all cultural levels of this civilization. Bhirrana was part of a high concentration of settlements along the dried up mythical Vedic river valley 'Saraswati', an extension of Ghaggar river in the Thar desert. Isotope and archaeological data suggest that the pre-Harappans started inhabiting this area along the mighty Ghaggar-Hakra rivers fed by intensified monsoon from 9 to 7 ka BP. The monsoon monotonically declined after 7 ka yet the settlements continued to survive from early to mature Harappan time. Our study suggests that other cause like change in subsistence strategy by shifting crop patterns rather than climate change was responsible for Harappan collapse.
A theoretical investigation of the thermal conductivity of lightly Sr- and Zn-doped La
2
CuO
4
high temperature superconductor cuprates has been analyzed auspiciously. We used a quantum dynamical ...technique to develop the symbol of relaxation time and other scattering processes from frequency (energy) line widths in this formulation. The primary focus of this study is the effect of phonon-dopant atom scattering on the thermal conductivity of doped La
2
CuO
4
, as well as other dominant scattering mechanisms such as electron–phonon, cubic and quartic anharmonic phonon, cubic and quartic phonon interference, and phonon-magnon, among others. An acceptable level of agreement between theory and experiment has been reached.
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