Pour un convive accompagné en établissement médico-social, le repas n’est peut-être pas si attendu que nous le pensons. Souvent standardisé, répondant à des normes contradictoires, il réduit parfois ...l’individu à une somme de pertes et déficits à renutrir.En nous intéressant au repas sous un angle « plaisir et santé », nous voulons démontrer que l’injonction du « bon repas » revêt une dimension technique qui ne fait pas sens pour tout le monde. Penser le repas sous l’angle du « moment » permet d’interroger, bien plus que la technique, les conditions solidaires humaines, dignes et responsables du vivre ensemble.Si nourrir revêt un caractère vital, se « restaurer » relève bien d’une fonction culturelle. Chacun de nous est marqué par des souvenirs autour du repas. Chaque bouchée est une émotion qui éveille les sens. Mais alors qu’est-ce que manger lorsque l’on avance en âge et que les sens perdent peu à peu de leur acuité ? « Vieillir c’est remanier son rapport au monde* » M.Billé.Dans ce rapport au monde, l’histoire, l’éducation, la culture se rejouent et s’entrechoquent.Se mettre à table peut devenir un choc culturel et la salle à manger un théâtre…de conflits. Dans cette comédie quotidienne se mêlent jeux d’acteurs et de rôles.Nous suggérons une nouvelle dynamique : humaine, technique, managériale. Elle se construit collectivement autour de l’interrogation des valeurs qui nous fondent à agir dans une action cohérente, coordonnée, solidaire et responsable.
The meal may not be as expected as we think for someone living in a nursing home or more generally in a medical environnement. Because of a great amount of contradictory standards, having a meal might reduce people to a sum of losses and deficits. The guest... object of care.By focusing on the meal from a "pleasure and health" angle, we want to demonstrate that the injunction of the "good meal" has a technical dimension that does not make sense for everyone. Thinking about the meal from the angle of the "moment" makes it possible to question, much more than the technique, the conditions of human solidarity, dignified and responsible for living together. Our communication will be organized in 3 stages.If nourishing is vital, "eating" is indeed a cultural function. Each of us is marked by memories around the meal. Every bite is an emotion that awakens the senses.But then what does eating mean when getting older and when senses gradually lose their acuity ? "To grow old is to reshuffle one's relationship with the world*" M.Billé.In this report history, education and culture are at stake.Getting to the table can become a culture shock and the dining room a conflict zone. In this daily comedy are mixed actors and roles. We suggest a new dynamic : human, technical, managerial. It is built collectively around the questioning of the values that underpin us to act in a coherent, coordinated, solidarity-based and responsible action.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the biological fluid in closest contact with the brain and thus contains proteins of neural cell origin. Hence, CSF is a biochemical window into the brain and is ...particularly attractive for the search for biomarkers of neurological diseases. However, as in the case of other biological fluids, one of the main analytical challenges in proteomic characterization of the CSF is the very wide concentration range of proteins, largely exceeding the dynamic range of current analytical approaches. Here, we used the combinatorial peptide ligand library technology (ProteoMiner) to reduce the dynamic range of protein concentration in CSF and unmask previously undetected proteins by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. This method was first applied on a large pool of CSF from different sources with the aim to better characterize the protein content of this fluid, especially for the low abundance components. We were able to identify 1212 proteins in CSF, and among these, 745 were only detected after peptide library treatment. However, additional difficulties for clinical studies of CSF are the low protein concentration of this fluid and the low volumes typically obtained after lumbar puncture, precluding the conventional use of ProteoMiner with large volume columns for treatment of patient samples. The method has thus been optimized to be compatible with low volume samples. We could show that the treatment is still efficient with this miniaturized protocol and that the dynamic range of protein concentration is actually reduced even with small amounts of beads, leading to an increase of more than 100% of the number of identified proteins in one LC-MS/MS run. Moreover, using a dedicated bioinformatics analytical work flow, we found that the method is reproducible and applicable for label-free quantification of series of samples processed in parallel.
Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles (TMMEP) is a growing field of research. The principle of this technique is to apply a mechanical force on cancer cells in order to destroy ...them thanks to magnetic particles vibrations. For this purpose, magnetic particles are injected in the tumor or exposed to cancer cells and a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is applied. This therapeutic approach is quite new and a wide range of treatment parameters are explored to date, as described in the literature. This review explains the principle of the technique, summarizes the parameters used by the different groups and reports the main
in vitro
and
in vivo
results.
Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles (TMMEP), using low frequency magnetic stimulation, is a growing research field. This review reports the main
in vitro
and
in vivo
results, summarizing the various approaches and perspectives.
Recent results have shown the ability of bone marrow cells to migrate in the brain and to acquire neuronal or glial characteristics. In vitro, bone marrow-derived MSCs can be induced by chemical ...compounds to express markers of these lineages. In an effort to set up a mouse model of such differentiation, we addressed the neuronal potentiality of mouse MSCs (mMSCs) that we recently purified. These cells expressed nestin, a specific marker of neural progenitors. Under differentiating conditions, mMSCs display a distinct neuronal shape and express neuronal markers NF-L (neurofilament-light, or neurofilament 70 kDa) and class III beta-tubulin. Moreover, differentiated mMSCs acquire neuron-like functions characterized by a cytosolic calcium rise in response to various specific neuronal activators. Finally, we further demonstrated for the first time that clonal mMSCs and their progeny are competent to differentiate along the neuronal pathway, demonstrating that these bone marrow-derived stem cells share characteristics of widely multipotent stem cells unrestricted to mesenchymal differentiation pathways.
This paper describes long-term changes in human population and vegetation cover in southern France, using summed radiocarbon probability distributions and site count data as population proxies and ...information from fossil pollen cores as a proxy for past land cover. Southern France is particularly well-suited to this type of study as a result of previous programmes of intensive survey work and excavation in advance of large-scale construction. These make it possible to calibrate the larger scale occupation patterns in the light of the visibility issues created by the burial of archaeological sites beneath alluvial sediments. For purposes of analysis, the region was divided into three biogeographical zones (BGZ), going from the Mediterranean coast to the middle Rhône valley (MRV). All the different population proxies in a given zone show broadly similar patterns of fluctuation, though with varying levels of resolution. The long-term patterns in the different zones all show significant differences from the overall regional pattern, but this is especially the case for the non-Mediterranean middle Rhône area. Cluster analysis of pollen samples has been carried out to identify the main regional land cover types through the Holocene, which are increasingly dominated by open types over time. A variety of other pollen indicators show evidence of increasing human impact through time. Measures of human impact correlate strongly with the population proxies. A series of thresholds are identified in the population–human impact trajectory that are related to other changes in the cultural sequence. The lack of independent climate data for the region means that its impact cannot currently be assessed with confidence. However, for the later periods, it is clear that the incorporation of southern France into larger regional systems played a major role in accounting for changes in land cover and settlement.
This work focuses on litho-stratigraphic and malacological studies of the fluvial deposits of the Middle Moulouya, which are used to reconstruct the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Morocco ...during the Holocene. The objectives were to deduce environmental and climatic changes from the study of fluvial deposits known for their richness in paleontological remains and their spatial and temporal variations. The chronostratigraphic framework of the fluvial record is based on the radiocarbon dating of a dozen charcoal assemblages.
Sidi Bouramdan is located in the Midelt region in the Ksabi basin (the Middle Moulouya) of Morocco. The Holocene plain morphodynamics are characterised by a cut-and-fill terrace system associated with a progressive deepening of the riverbed. At the level of Sidi Bouramdan, a geomorphological and lithological study identified five Holocene nested terraces of over 10-m sedimentary thickness, dated to between 10248 and 10649 cal BP and 782–921 cal BP. These show a strong chronostratigraphic discontinuity with formations of the middle Holocene period being locally absent, probably because they were destroyed by the evolution of the alluvial plain.
Forty-four mollusc species were identified in the malacological study of this fluvial Holocene sequence, with changes in the malacological communities reflecting environmental variations in the fluvial system. The Upper Holocene terrace T0 was characterized by marshland-preferring species, thereby revealing a wet environment. In the other three lower Late Holocene terraces, aquatic species tended to disappear, and terrestrial species predominated, indicating the appearance and development of a dry environment in phase with paleoenvironmental data from various regional marine and continental sedimentary archives.
In glioma, the acidification of the extracellular tumor microenvironment drives proliferation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, invasion and chemoresistance. Therefore, quantification of glioma ...extracellular pH (pHe) is of crucial importance. This study is focused on the application of the YbHPDO3A (ytterbium 1,4,7‐triscarboxymethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane) probe for in vivo glioma pHe quantification using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐MRI and its correlation with tumor metabolism assessed by immunohistochemistry.
The U87 glioma mouse model was used (n = 18) and MRI performed at 4.7 T. CEST‐MRI of YbHPDO3A solutions at different pH values showed two resolved CEST spectra at 71 ppm and 99 ppm, both sensitive to pH variations, allowing therefore calculation of the ratiometric curve for in vivo pH quantification. In vivo MRI sequences consisted of T2w for tumor localization, T2w* to assess YbHPDO3A biodistribution by exploiting its magnetic susceptibility effect and CEST for glioma pHe mapping. T2w* images show that YbHPDO3A extravasates in tumor in regions with damaged blood–brain barrier. The pHe is calculated only in these regions.
Hematoxylin/eosin histology and Ki‐67, CA‐IX (carbonic anhydrase 9) and NHE‐1 immunohistochemical staining were performed; their expression rates were compared with the in vivo pHe values.
On the basis of the cell proliferation marker Ki‐67, two groups were defined: one group with a lower mitotic index (MI% < 20% = mean value) and a mean pHe value of 7.00 (low‐proliferation/high‐pH group) and the other with MI% > 20% and an acidic pHe of 6.6 (high‐proliferation/low‐pH group). CA‐IX and NHE‐1 were over‐expressed in the high‐proliferation/low‐pH group (CA‐IX, 92 ± 7% versus 30 ± 13%; NHE‐1, 84 ± 8% versus 35 ± 11%), indicating an acidic/hypoxic microenvironment. These immunohistochemical results are consistent with our pHe mapping (Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.70) and provide evidence for the feasibility of the CEST‐MRI method with the YbHPDO3A probe for glioma pHe quantification at 4.7 T. Importantly, the YbHPDO3A probe has similar chemical and biological properties to the clinically approved MRI contrast agent GdHPDO3A. This makes the method promising for a clinical translation.
This study is focused on CEST MRI quantification of extracellular pH in glioma upon administration of YbHPDO3A probe, an analogue of the clinical GdHPDO3A contrast agent. The U87 glioma mouse model was used and CEST‐MRI performed at 4.7 T. Immunohistology was obtained by staining of Ki‐67, CA‐IX and NHE‐1. In vivo acidic extracellular pH values were found to be correlated with a higher expression of CA‐IX and NHE‐1 and with a higher cell proliferation, validating the feasibility of CEST‐MRI method.
Abstract Under standard culture conditions, tumor cells are exposed to 20% O2 , whereas the mean tumor oxygen levels within the tumor are much lower. We demonstrate, using low-passaged human tumor ...cell cultures established from glioma, that a reduction in the oxygen level in these cell cultures dramatically increases the percentage of CD133 expressing cells.
This paper presents the first well-dated palaeoenvironmental study from the Sarliève marsh, a unique sedimentary record in the Limagne plain of central France, where all previous studies suffered ...from unreliable chronologies. We developed an accurate radiocarbon-based age-depth model and performed high-resolution multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical analysis on a new sediment core from the heart of the sedimentary basin, improving the chronology and Holocene palaeoenvironmental interpretations. We found six potential (crypto)tephra fallouts (c. 9750, 8500, 7500, 7400, 6300, and 5800 cal yr BP) that enrich the Holocene tephrostratigraphy in Limagne, five of which were not previously documented in the sediments of the marsh. We also detected, for the first time, an array of volcanic phenomena such as degassing episodes (c. 6950 and 6050 cal yr BP), ash leaching phases (10250–9750, 8500–7400, and 5800–5100 cal yr BP), and earthquakes (c. 6800, 6600, 6050, 6100, and 1600 cal yr BP), suggesting a hitherto unsuspected period of high volcanic activity in the area between 7500 and 5800 cal yr BP. This increased activity appears to have caused a massive forcing of hydrosedimentary dynamics in the catchment in the Middle Holocene, by supplying significant volumes of fine volcanic ash to the palustrine basin, and thereby questioning the current Holocene morpho-sedimentary narrative for Limagne. The basin became a permanent freshwater lake after the Mid-Holocene climatic shift, and detrital influxes likely due to anthropogenic soil erosion appeared c. 5500 cal yr BP and grew steadily after 5000 cal yr BP, with a marked lull between 3600 and 3000 cal yr BP, perhaps because of a phase of settlement abandonments during the middle and early-late Bronze age. A series of lacustrine low-stands (c. 4750–4600, 3750–3600, 3350–3200 and 2950–2800 cal yr BP) that correlate strongly with western alpine lake records do not seem to have caused significant changes in the anthropogenic impact on soils modifying the sedimentary supply. Our results suggest that this lake could have been artificially drained c. 2550 cal yr BP, several centuries earlier than previously estimated, allowing us to hypothesize that Early Iron age societies already had substantial capacity to modify the hydraulic environment. Hydromorphic conditions developed thereafter, including complex short-lived marshy phases in late Roman times.
•We present the first accurate chronological model for the Sarliève marsh.•Six (crypto)tephra fallouts were detected in the sedimentary sequence.•Mid-Holocene volcanic activity forced hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the catchment.•Breaks in erosion and lake low-stands were detected in the Late Holocene.•The basin was drained in the Early Iron age, centuries before previously estimated.
This work is the first geomorphological analysis of La Narse de la Sauvetat, a hydromorphic basin located in the southern Limagne plain (French Massif Central) which had never been studied despite ...its great palaeoenvironmental interest. We explore the potential of its sedimentary archives to provide valuable data on Holocene geomorphic dynamics and their sensitivity to local and regional hydro-climatic changes. In order to characterize the nature and the morphostratigraphic and pedosedimentary evolution of the basin, we used an integrative approach involving geomorphological mapping, hand auger stratigraphic cross-sections, topographic analysis based on LiDAR data and stereophotogrammetric reconstruction, geophysical prospection and radiocarbon dating. Results revealed a palaeotopography fossilized under 6 m of sedimentary infilling, with a clear shift from fluvial to hydromorphic conditions circa 2800 cal BCE, separated by a level with colluvial and lacustrine features. A detailed analysis of the eastern border of the basin also suggests the existence of a former open valley in place of the current closed depression, now locked in by a topographic threshold forming a dam. The sedimentary aggradation of the basin started with an alluvial phase during the Upper Pleistocene and probably continued into the Middle and Late Holocene, consistently with regional alluvial dynamics. In the early Subboreal, a massive landslide occurred on the western slopes of the Puy-de-Corent volcanic plateau, thereby damming the valley and forming a closed depression. This episode coincided with the mid-Holocene climatic shift and an associated phase of slope instability and increased landslides in Western Europe due to changing climatic conditions. This depression evolved into a hydromorphic basin with several high energy hydro-sedimentary episodes after 2800 cal BCE; however hydro-sedimentary conditions gradually became more stable towards the Late Holocene. Around 500 cal CE, the drainage deteriorated towards palustrine conditions and caused the formation of a marsh and its consequent evolution into a shallow lake throughout the Middle Ages. This lake was drained in the late XVIIIth Century. The long-term sedimentary record of La Narse de la Sauvetat, sensitive to climatic instability periods of the Middle Holocene, makes this landslide-dammed basin a valuable site with an important potential to further development of palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeological studies.
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•A palaeovalley was found under Pleistocene and Holocene alluvio-colluvial sediments.•A landslide dammed the valley in the early Subboreal, forming a short-lived lake.•The depression became hydromorphic between 2800 cal BCE and late Antiquity.•The basin was a marsh then a shallow lake during the Middle Ages.•La Narse de la Sauvetat has high potential for further palaeoenvironmental research.
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