Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) with 2700 μm 2 of emitter area are characterized for model verification using an active load-pull measurement system. The simulation and measurement results ...(up to 26 dBm) are reported and compared in terms of output power level and power-added efficiency under variable operating conditions. These measurements are performed with the aim of designing power amplifiers for mobile communications.
In a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) domain, one-to-one and facility backup are the two main local backup techniques. Research so far has only addressed the computation of single backup LSPs. ...However, an operator is in general in need of a backup solution, i.e. a set of backup LSPs for the whole domain. This paper presents four algorithms for computing a backup solution for the facility backup technique, three of which are extensions of well-known path computation algorithms and one of which is a novel algorithm named maximum protection first (MPF). MPF aims at minimizing the number of configuration entries and the number of backup paths. It is shown that MPF outperforms the other three algorithms with respect to these criteria.
•This Clinical Practice Guideline provides management recommendations for patients with brain metastases from solid tumours.•The guideline covers clinical and pathological diagnosis, staging and risk ...assessment, treatment and follow-up.•Treatment and management algorithms are provided.•The author panel encompasses a multidisciplinary group of experts from different institutions and countries in Europe.•Recommendations are based on available scientific data and the authors’ collective expert opinion.
An original measurement system for nonlinear microwave power transistor characterization, using six-port reflectometers, is presented. It allows independent active tuning of the output impedances at ...f/sub 0/ and 2f/sub 0/ (multiharmonic load-pull) and variation of the source impedance at the input port at f/sub 0/ (source-pull). Experimental results are shown for a commercial GaAs MESFET power transistor.
Large signal activities at ENST paris Berghoff, G.; Deshours, F.; Bergeault, E. ...
1996 Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics,
1996-Aug.
Conference Proceeding
Load-Pull measurements are essential to characterize power devices accurately. This paper presents recent and current load-pull measurement systems and projects at ENST Paris. The activities ...presented here cover comparative measurements of a 1 W high power transistor and the development of a multiharmonic load-pull system based on the sixport technique, including new solutions for control software and on-wafer calibration.
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