BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The lack of safe and effective treatments for obesity has increased interest in natural products that may serve as alternative therapies. From this perspective, we have ...analysed the effects of daidzein, one of the main soy isoflavones, on diet‐induced obesity in rats.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats made obese after exposure to a very (60%) high fat‐content diet were treated with daidzein (50 mg·kg−1) for 14 days. The dose was selected on the basis of the acute effects of this isoflavone on a feeding test. After 14 days, animals were killed and plasma, white and brown adipose tissue, muscle and liver studied for the levels and expression of metabolites, proteins and genes relevant to lipid metabolism.
KEY RESULTS A single treatment (acute) with daidzein dose‐dependently reduced food intake. Chronic treatment (daily for 14 days) reduced weight gain and fat content in liver, accompanied by high leptin and low adiponectin levels in plasma. While skeletal muscle was weakly affected by treatment, both adipose tissue and liver displayed marked changes after treatment with daidzein, affecting transcription factors and lipogenic enzymes, particularly stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1, a pivotal enzyme in obesity. Expression of uncoupling protein 1, an important enzyme for thermogenesis, was increased in brown adipose tissue after daidzein treatment.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results support the use of isoflavones in diet‐induced obesity, especially when hepatic steatosis is present and open a new field of use for these natural products.
Disease management guidelines that consider clinical and epidemiological approaches of RMSF have existed in Panama since 2019 4. ...it is necessary to correctly understand the ecological, ...epidemiological and clinical features to establish diagnosis and treatment of patients and countrywide surveillance. Furthermore, both D. andersoni and D. variabilis are distributed in specific environments in the Nearctic zone (North America), and not in the Neotropical zone, a biogeographic region that extends from southern Florida, central Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Antilles 3. ...R. sanguineus is a complex of species (R. sanguineus s.l.) and not an only taxon; these species are only related to dogs under intra-domiciliary conditions 4. ...in the published article, Daza et al., established that “None of the patients reported a history of insect bites” and “None of the patients reported a history of contact with ticks or other insect bites”; nevertheless, ticks are not insects and no insect is related to the transmission of RMSF.
The clinical and pathologic characterisation of two fatal cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in rural (El Valle) and urban (City of Panama) Panama are described. Clinical and autopsy findings were ...non-specific, but the molecular analysis was used to identify Rickettsia rickettsii in both cases. No ticks were collected in El Valle, while in the urban case, R. rickettsii was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., representing the first molecular finding in this tick in Panama and Central America.
By the use of extensive numerical simulations, we show that the nearest-neighbor energy-level spacing distribution P(s) and the entropic eigenfunction localization length of the adjacency matrices of ...Erdős-Rényi (ER) fully random networks are universal for fixed average degree ξ≡αN (α and N being the average network connectivity and the network size, respectively). We also demonstrate that the Brody distribution characterizes well P(s) in the transition from α=0, when the vertices in the network are isolated, to α=1, when the network is fully connected. Moreover, we explore the validity of our findings when relaxing the randomness of our network model and show that, in contrast to standard ER networks, ER networks with diagonal disorder also show universality. Finally, we also discuss the spectral and eigenfunction properties of small-world networks.
Transmission measurements through three-port microwave graphs are performed, in analogy to three-terminal voltage drop devices with orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic symmetry. The terminal used as ...a probe is symmetrically located between two chaotic subgraphs, and each graph is connected to one port, the input and the output, respectively. The analysis of the experimental data clearly exhibits the weak localization and antilocalization phenomena. We find a good agreement with theoretical predictions, provided that the effects of dissipation and imperfect coupling to the ports are taken into account.
The theoretical description of the physics of multi-jets in hadronic collisions at high energies is based on “merging” methods, which combine short-timescale production of jets with long-timescale ...evolution of partonic showers. We point out potential implications of the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions on the structure of multi-jet states at high energies, and in particular on the theoretical systematics associated with multi-jet merging. To analyze this, we propose a new merging methodology, and illustrate its impact by comparing our theoretical results with experimental measurements for Z-boson + jets production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
The Landauer-Büttiker formalism establishes an equivalence between the electrical conduction through a device, e.g., a quantum dot, and the transmission. Guided by this analogy we perform ...transmission measurements through three-port microwave graphs with orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic symmetry, thus mimicking three-terminal voltage drop devices. One of the ports is placed as input and a second one as output, while a third port is used as a probe. Analytical predictions show good agreement with the measurements in the presence of orthogonal and unitary symmetries, provided that the absorption and the influence of the coupling port are taken into account. The symplectic symmetry is realized in specifically designed graphs mimicking spin-1/2 systems. Again a good agreement between experiment and theory is found. For the symplectic case the results are marginally sensitive to absorption and coupling strength of the port, in contrast to the orthogonal and unitary case.
CASCADE3 A Monte Carlo event generator based on TMDs Baranov, S.; Bermudez Martinez, A.; Estevez Banos, L. I. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2021, Letnik:
81, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The
Cascade3
Monte Carlo event generator based on Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) parton densities is described. Hard processes which are generated in collinear factorization with LO multileg or ...NLO parton level generators are extended by adding transverse momenta to the initial partons according to TMD densities and applying dedicated TMD parton showers and hadronization. Processes with off-shell kinematics within
k
t
-factorization, either internally implemented or from external packages via LHE files, can be processed for parton showering and hadronization. The initial state parton shower is tied to the TMD parton distribution, with all parameters fixed by the TMD distribution.
Collinear and transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton densities are obtained from fits to precision measurements of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross sections at HERA. The parton densities are ...evolved by Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution with next-to-leading-order (NLO) splitting functions using the parton branching method, allowing one to determine simultaneously collinear and TMD densities for all flavors over a wide range in x, μ2 and kt, relevant for predictions at the LHC. The DIS cross section is computed from the parton densities using perturbative NLO coefficient functions. Parton densities satisfying angular ordering conditions are presented. Two sets of parton densities are obtained, differing in the renormalization scale choice for the argument in the strong coupling αs. This is taken to be either the evolution scale μ or the transverse momentum qt. While both choices yield similarly good χ2 values for the fit to DIS measurements, the gluon density especially turns out to differ between the two sets. The TMD densities are used to predict the transverse momentum spectrum of Z bosons at the LHC.
We introduce a power-law banded random matrix model for the third of the three classical Wigner–Dyson ensembles, i.e., the symplectic ensemble. A detailed analysis of the statistical properties of ...its eigenvectors and eigenvalues, at criticality, is presented. This ensemble is relevant for time-reversal symmetric systems with strong spin–orbit interaction. For the sake of completeness, we also review the statistical properties of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the power-law banded random matrix model in the presence and absence of time reversal invariance, previously considered in the literature. Our results show a good agreement with heuristic relations for the eigenstate and eigenenergy statistics at criticality, proposed in previous studies. Therefore, we provide a full picture of the power-law banded random matrix model corresponding to the three classical Wigner–Dyson ensembles.
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