Bread is one of the most widely consumed foods in the world. Among the different properties that define its quality, the aroma of bread is considered essential to its approval by consumers. Knowing ...what the compounds found in bread are, as well as the most important ones in crumb and crust, and understanding their biological sources and how they affect the final aroma of bread, could make it possible to modify the steps of bread manufacturing in order to enhance those with a positive impact and reduce those with a negative impact. The aim of this review is to provide a guideline correlating a great deal of the information now available regarding wheat bread aroma. For this purpose, a total of 326 volatile compounds reported in the literature have been included. The sensorial correlation of these compounds with the final aroma of wheat bread has also been explained, as well as the biological sources that generate them. Finally, it is shown how modifying the production stages of wheat bread could also affect the odour quality.
•A guideline with the available information of wheat bread aroma is provided.•A total of 326 volatile compounds in crumb and crust are collected in a table.•The biological origin of these compounds has been reviewed in crumb and crust.•The main factors that affect the final aroma of bread are shown.•The impact of these volatiles on the aroma perceived by consumers is presented.
Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems usually incur lower costs and demonstrate higher reliability than photovoltaic (PV) or wind systems. The most usual systems are PV–Wind–Battery and ...PV–Diesel–Battery. Energy storage is usually in batteries (normally of the lead-acid type). Another possible storage alternative, such as hydrogen, is not currently economically viable, given the high cost of the electrolyzers and fuel cells and the low efficiency in the electricity–hydrogen–electricity conversion. When the design of these systems is carried out, it is usually done resolve an optimization problem in which the Net Present Cost (NPC) is minimized or, in some cases, in relation to the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE). The correct resolution of this optimization problem is a complex task because of the high number of variables and the non-linearity in the performance of some of the system components. This paper revises the simulation and optimization techniques, as well as the tools existing that are needed to simulate and design stand-alone hybrid systems for the generation of electricity.
► Seven neonicotinoids were simultaneously determined in beeswax for the first time. ► The usefulness of fused-core columns to separate neonicotinoids was demonstrated. ► The sample clean-up was ...performed onto diatomaceous based cartridges. ► Matrix (beeswax) had an influence (ion suppression) onto the ESI-MS signals. ► Residues of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and imidacloprid were found in 11 samples.
A new method has been developed to measure seven neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in beeswax using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection. Beeswax was melted and diluted in an n-hexane/isopropanol (8:2, v/v) mixture. After this, liquid extraction with water was performed followed by a clean-up on diatomaceous material based cartridges. The compounds were eluted with acetone, and the resulting solution was evaporated until dry and reconstituted with a mixture of water and acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v). The separation of all compounds was achieved in less than 15min using a C18 reverse-phase fused-core column (Kinetex® C18, 150mm×4.6mm i.d.) and a mobile phase composed of a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode at 0.5mL/min. This method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, precision and recovery. Low limits of detection and quantification could be achieved for all analytes ranging from 0.4 to 2.3μg/kg, and from 1.5 to 7.0μg/kg, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was applied to an analysis of neonicotinoid residues in beeswax samples from apiaries located close to fruit orchards.
Purpose
Long Covid syndrome is a multiorgan condition with multiple sequelae affecting quality of life, capacity to work and daily activities. The advantages that new technologies can offer are ...presented as an opportunity in the current healthcare framework.
Objective
This research aimed to explore people with Long Covid's experiences with a digital physiotherapy practice intervention, during four weeks.
Methods
Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted by video call. Thirty‐two Long Covid participants were invited to join an in‐depth interview once the intervention was completed. Participants were queried on their intervention experiences and perceptions, as well as any lifestyle changes made, as a result of receiving digital physiotherapy practice. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.
Results
In‐depth qualitative analysis has revealed four themes that reflect participants' perceptions of digital physiotherapy intervention. The helpfulness of the exercises, interaction with the physiotherapist, the domestic use of technology and the future of digital health practice were the topics highlighted by Long Covid participants. Some improvements have been suggested including video sounds and the need to introduce face‐to‐face sessions. Participants stated that interventions were helpful and superior to printed exercise sheets, mobile phone apps and usual care received. This intervention did not present major barriers, highlighting the importance of personalized care and continuity in the provision of health services.
Conclusion
The digital physiotherapy practice is perceived by people with Long Covid as an appropriate method for the care of their health needs. Participants stated the need for this type of intervention in the public health system, where it would eliminate waiting lists, facilitate accessibility and improve existing care.
Patient and Public Contribution
Participants contributed to the interpretation of the data acquired in the interview.
Clinical Trial Registration
Trial registration NCT04742946.
Objective
Despite the fact that polarized microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing crystal arthritis, some uncertainties hamper full implementation in clinical practice. We undertook this ...study to analyze the agreement among multiple observers in crystal identification using compensated polarized microscopy, as well as to assess potential outcome modifiers.
Methods
This was a cross‐sectional, observational study with consecutive synovial fluid sampling. Samples were immediately analyzed when possible or kept refrigerated at 4°C. Five observers analyzed them separately, blinded to clinical data, using a compensated polarized optical microscope (400×), through 3 stages (ordinary, simple polarized, and compensated polarized light) to detect and identify crystals. They recorded the presence and type of crystal (no crystals, monosodium urate MSU, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate CPP). Interrater agreement was measured by Cohen's kappa. Subanalyses were performed on visualization delay and cumulative expertise. Discrepancies between each stage of the microscopy and the final decision were also examined.
Results
A total of 250 observations from 50 samples completed full assessment. Overall, κ = 0.74 (95% confidence interval 95% CI 0.64–0.84), indicating good agreement. Agreement for crystal detection was κ = 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.82), for MSU was κ = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75–1.0), and for CPP was κ = 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.82). Most of the crystal identifications were already made by ordinary light. No differences between observations made before or after 24 hours (P = 0.859) or in expertise on crystal analysis (P = 0.989) were found. Observations performed under ordinary light matched the final diagnosis in 96.8% of cases (242 of 250).
Conclusion
Compensated polarized microscopy remained consistent in detecting and identifying crystals in synovial fluid, even when examined among multiple observers, confirming its high utility for clinical practice.
A simple and fast method has been developed and validated to measure glyphosate (GLYP) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), which were previously derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate ...(FMOC-Cl), in maize plants using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to fluorescence (FLD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection. The method has shown to be consistent, reliable, precise, and efficient. Moreover, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) reached with the proposed method for GLYP and AMPA are lower than the established maximum residue levels (MRLs). The validated method was applied to quantify GLYP and AMPA in genetically modified (GM) maize foliar treated with the herbicide. It has been found that the GLYP dissipation was mainly due to the progressive dilution effect after herbicide treatment. Finally, it was also observed that the GLYP residue dissipation trend in maize shoot (leaves and stem) tissue determined by LC–ESI-MS matched that determined by liquid scintillation.
•Lifetime estimation of lead–acid batteries is a complex task.•This paper compares different models to predict battery lifetime in stand-alone systems.•We compare a weighted Ah-throughput battery ...ageing model with other models.•The battery charge controller significantly affects the lifetime of batteries.•The results show the weighted Ah-throughput model provides more accurate values.
Lifetime estimation of lead–acid batteries in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems is a complex task because it depends on the operating conditions of the batteries. In many research simulations and optimisations, the estimation of battery lifetime is error-prone, thus producing values that differ substantially from the real ones. This error can indicate that the “optimal” system selected by the optimisation tool will not be optimal. In this paper, all of the components of a PV system have been considered simultaneously to simulate the behaviour of the system. One of these important components is the battery charge controller, which significantly affects the lifetime of batteries. The results of the simulations have allowed a comparison of the most common methods of battery lifetime prediction used by simulation and/or optimisation tools with a weighted Ah-throughput method developed a few years ago. The results show that this recent method provides more accurate lifetime values. In a simulation of a real off-grid household PV system where the real battery lifetime was 6.2years, the weighted Ah-throughput model predicted a lifetime of 5.8years; however, the other methods obtained lifetimes of more than 15years. In a simulation of another PV system designed to supply the load of an alarm where the real batteries lifetime was 5.1years, the weighted Ah-throughput model predicted a lifetime of 4.4years; however, the other methods obtained lifetimes of more than nine years.
Long COVID-19 has been defined as the condition occurring in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with related symptoms lasting at least 2 months and not ...explainable by an alternative diagnosis. The practice of digital physiotherapy presents itself as a promising complementary treatment method to standard physiotherapy, playing a key role in the recovery of function in subjects who have passed the disease and who maintain some symptomatology over time. The aims of this research are to explore the effect of a digital physiotherapy intervention on functional recovery in patients diagnosed with Long COVID-19 and to identify the level of adherence to the treatment carried out. A quasi-experimental pre-post study assessed initially and at the end of the 4-week intervention the functional capacity (1-min STS and SPPB) and the adherence (software) of a total of 32 participants. After the 4-week digital physiotherapy practice intervention with an individualised and customise exercise programme, a statistically significant improvement was observed (p < 0.05) with a small to medium effect size, high adherence rates and values above the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). We consider our intervention feasible, safe and consistent with our objectives. However, further randomised clinical trials and studies with larger samples are needed to draw extrapolable conclusions. Trial registration NCT04742946.
PDF
