•Dry milling in planetary ball mill altered structural rice starch properties.•FTIR spectra evidenced changes in the crystalline structure of rice starch.•Structural changes had impact on rheological ...behavior and stability of the starch.•Physicochemical properties varied with milling energy and starch concentration.
The effects of milling energy (0.26–4.08 kJ/g) on starch structure, flow behavior and syneresis of starch dispersions (4–8% w/v) were investigated. Crystallinity loss of starch (XRD analysis) during milling could be mathematically related with the increase of 1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1 FT-IR intensity ratio (Ri) and it was also reflected by the changes in the shape and surface roughness of starch granules (SEM micrographs). Starch dispersions showed a Newtonian or pseudoplastic flow pattern dependent on starch concentration and milling energy. Consistency of starch dispersions (4 and 6%) remained constant during refrigerated storage only for severely milled starch. Syneresis diminished with increasing milling energy and starch concentration; it could be minimized (4% and 4.08 kJ/g) or completely eliminated (8% and 1.04 kJ/g). Significant correlations of Ri with consistency index and syneresis were found. Ball milling notably improved the suitability of starch as an ingredient in fluid or viscous foodstuffs.
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Fish commercial transport is an ordinary practice in the aquaculture industry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 48 h transport stress on stress response of meagre (
) juveniles. ...Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Real-Time PCR were used to evaluate muscle cortisol levels and to assess glucocorticoid receptor (
) gene expression in fish muscle and liver, respectively. Presence and localization of various oxidative stress markers were investigated in different tissues by immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in muscle cortisol levels was observed after loading but a significant decrease occurred after 16 h from departure even without returning to control levels. Molecular analysis on stress response revealed an increase in muscle
expression after fish loading that started decreasing during the travel returning to the control level at the end of the transport. Instead, no differences in liver
expression were observed along the different sampling points. Immunostaining for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine (NT) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) antibodies was detected in several organs. Notably, a higher NT immunostaining intensity was evident in skin and gills of the transported animals with respect to controls. Results demonstrated that cortisol and
are useful indicators of stressful conditions in transported fish.
ABSTRACT
During recent years, research on meat quality in poultry has aimed to evaluate the presence and consequences of breast myopathies as well as the factors which can affect their occurrence by ...modifying the growth rate. A total of 900 broiler chickens were reared until slaughter (48 D) to evaluate the effect of 2 genetic lines (A vs. B) and feeding plans (ad libitum AL, early restricted ER, from 13 to 23 D of age, and late restricted LR, from 27 to 37 D of age; restriction rate: 80%) on performance, meat quality, and breast muscle myopathies. Calsequestrin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions, and muscle fiber degeneration (MFD) were recorded at 22, 36, and 48 D. Chickens in the AL treatment had greater final live (P < 0.01) and carcass weights and proportion of pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.04) compared to chickens in the LR treatment, whereas chickens in the ER treatment had intermediate final live (3,454 g) and carcass weights, and proportion of pectoralis major muscle (25.6%). Chickens of line A were heavier than chickens of line B (P < 0.001), and had a greater feed conversion rate. Chickens of line A also had a greater dressing out percentage (P < 0.001), but a lower proportion of pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.04), as well as a greater meat pH (P < 0.001), meat cooking losses (P < 0.01), and shear force of the pectoralis major muscle (P = 0.03). Calsequestrin and VEGF mRNA were significantly lower in ER and LR chickens compared to AL chickens after feed restriction and during refeeding (P < 0.05). MFD scores increased with chicken age (P < 0.001) and differed between genetic lines (P < 0.001). Neither feeding plan nor genetic line affected the occurrence of white striping or wooden breast condition.
This work focused on rice‐based egg noodles for Western consumers, whose preference for the egg option was corroborated by a survey. A constrained mixture design was used to investigate the effect of ...functional ingredients (FIs: gum, egg, and modified starch) on noodle quality, adopting egg noodles with 3.2% of guar gum as control. The substitution percentage of rice flour by modified starch was restricted (up to 12.5%) according to dough machinability and noodle extensibility. No differences were found in the Fourier transform infrared spectra of experimental design formulations. The synergistic effects among the FIs evidenced by response surface methodology analysis played a key role in the noodle attributes. Satisfactory values of water absorption (123%) and cooking loss (3.6%) were obtained by combining the minimum amount of gum (50% less than the control) with 10.9% of starch and 13.0% of egg. The extensibility of the optimum noodles was similar to that of the control.
Novelty impact statement
The use of a survey turned out to be an easy and practical tool to satisfactorily know the preference of consumers for egg‐noodles. This preliminary survey allowed us to select the proper ingredient, and thereby save time and resources. The incorporation of a novel ingredient such as physically modified rice starch was of great interest. Such ingredient allows for clean labeling and avoids the production of chemical waste. In addition, the gum content could be reduced by half due to the synergy of the starch with the egg and gum.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was applied to measure the Tg of rice IRGA 424 at different moisture content values (9.3%–22.3% wet basis). To conduct temperature sweeps, the samples were heated at ...a rate of 2°C/min from 20 to 120°C keeping frequency to 1 Hz. Tg was measured both from the E″ peak temperature (Tgmidpoint) and from the tan (δ) peak temperature (Tgendset). Tgmidpoint and Tgendset increased from 31.8 to 86.6°C and 42.1 to 104.7°C, respectively, as moisture content decreased from 22.3 to 9.3%. Six models were tested for their ability to predict Tg as a function of the moisture content. As all residuals were normally distributed and homoskedastic, standard metrics were used to assess the fitted models. Goodness of fit by these models was established by comparing the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of the estimate (SEE), and mean relative deviation (MRD). The Gordon–Taylor linearized equation was the most accurate in predicting Tg. To predict Tg from the moisture content of the rice samples, a new expression was proposed. For the conditions considered in this work, the developed equation satisfactorily predicts the Tg of rice IRGA 424 without needing prior linearization.
DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) was applied to measure the Tg of rice IRGA 424 at different moisture content values (9.3%–22.3% wet basis). Six models were tested for their ability to predict Tg as a function of the moisture content. For the conditions considered in this work, a new proposed equation predicts satisfactorily the Tg of rice IRGA 424 without needing a previous linearization.
The temperate aquatic environment is affected by two primary components of season, temperature and photoperiod, during the annual cycle. Many organisms respond to seasonal change physiologically, ...behaviorally or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonality on cortisol, hematological and innate immune parameters in European sea bass reared under traditional semi-intensive aquaculture. Sea bass (
Dicentrarchus labrax) were reared in an outdoor pond and serum cortisol, hematocrit, leucocrit, serum lysozyme activity and total glutathione were bimonthly monitored over a 14-months period. The effect of seasonality was observed for all parameters carried out, with generally higher values in summer and lower in winter. These results could improve the understanding of the influence of seasonal cues on the immune system and hematological parameters in fish in order to optimize the husbandry practices.
► We investigated the effects of seasonality on hematological parameters in sea bass. ► We correlated stress and hematological parameters to temperature and photoperiod. ► All parameters carried out showed marked seasonal variations.
Tongue abscesses are rare conditions that usually follow mucosal disruption due to mechanical trauma or foreign body impaction. They typically manifest abruptly as a rapidly growing, hard mass or ...swelling in the context of tongue muscles; the patient frequently complains of pain, difficulties in swallowing or speaking, and fever. Nonetheless, the features of its presentation, together with accurate clinical evaluation, blood tests, and appropriate imaging tests, are usually sufficient to easily discern a tongue abscess from a malignancy. However, in rare cases, they may occur with slowly progressing and subtle symptoms, nuanced objective and laboratory findings, and inconclusive radiological evidence, leading to difficult differential diagnosis with submucosal malignancy. Herein, we review the literature, available on Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus, on publications reporting tongue abscesses, with atypical presentation suggesting an oral tumor. Our review confirms that tongue abscesses may manifest as a slowly growing and moderately painful swelling without purulent discharge and minimal mucosal inflammation; in this case, they may constitute an actual diagnostic challenge with potentially severe impact on correct management. Atypical tongue abscesses must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of tongue malignancy with submucosal extension, even when other diagnostic elements suggest a neoplasia; in this case, a deep biopsy under general anesthesia is essential for differential diagnosis, and simultaneous drainage of the necrotic and abscessual material may resolve the condition.
Background
In minority of cases, the clinical recovery of the neolarynx after open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) can be challenging, possibly affecting the final functional outcome.
...Methods
One hundred and twenty‐three patients who underwent OPHLs were selected. A series of clinical preoperative independent variables were considered. All patients were monitored for the following dependent outcome variables: sequelae; need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy positioning; days before tracheal cannula removal and nasogastric tube removal; and length of hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant associations between preoperative clinical variables and outcomes variables.
Results
Multivariate analysis confirmed age, cT classification, body mass index, and smoking habits as significant prognostic factors for worse functional and clinical recovery outcomes.
Conclusions
Knowing what variables are significantly associated with worse clinical and functional outcomes can guide clinicians in defining the best surgical choice not only from an oncological perspective, but also for a better postoperative recovery.
The present study aimed to investigate the acute response of gilthead seabream (
) juveniles exposed to temperature, salinity and ammonia stress. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate cortisol ...levels, whereas insulin-like growth factors (
and
), myostatin (
), heat-shock protein 70 (
) and glucocorticoid receptor (
) gene expression was assessed trough Real-Time PCR. The presence and localization of IGF-I and HSP70 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In all the stress conditions, a significant increase in cortisol levels was observed reaching higher values in the thermic and chemical stress groups. Regarding fish growth markers,
gene expression was significantly higher only in fish subjected to heat shock stress while, at 60 min,
gene expression was significantly lower in all the stressed groups. Temperature and ammonia changes resulted in a higher
gene expression. Molecular analyses on stress response evidenced a time dependent increase in
gene expression, that was significantly higher at 60 min in fish exposed to heat shock and chemical stress. Furthermore, the same experimental groups were characterized by a significantly higher
gene expression respect to the control one. Immunostaining for IGF-I and HSP70 antibodies was observed in skin, gills, liver, and digestive system of gilthead seabream juveniles.
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