Background
Allergen testing is used to select antigens included in the desensitisation vaccine. Intradermal skin test (IDT) is the gold standard in cats, yet allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E ...serological testing (ASIS) is often used. Feline data are lacking regarding the agreement between IDT and ASIS results.
Hypothesis/Objectives
The first objective of the study was to establish a colony of cats with naturally acquired feline atopic syndrome (FAS). Further objectives were to define their hypersensitivity disorder to detail the allergen tests results, and to assess similarity between the allergen tests.
Animals
Thirty‐five cats with FAS and 10 control cats.
Materials and Methods
Enrolled cats went through a five phase‐screening and quarantine process before joining the colony. An elimination diet trial was performed on all FAS cats. ASIS and IDT were consecutively performed on all cats under sedation.
Results
Reactions to 34 allergens were compiled for the 45 cats. Global sensitivity and specificity of ASIS were 34.7% and 78.9%, respectively. Only flea (ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0.48, p < 0.001) allergens had a significant intraclass correlation (weak agreement). Two FAS cats had negative tests including one cat with a concomitant food allergy.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
This study depicts the first reported colony of cats with naturally acquired FAS. This is the first feline study to compare and show the poor agreement between allergen tests with a panel of 34 allergens. This colony also harbours two cats with FAS with negative allergen tests. These may represent the first described cats with an intrinsic form of atopic syndrome.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Allergentests werde eingesetzt, um Antigene, die in der Immuntherapie inkludiert werden, auszuwählen. Bei den Katzen ist der Intradermaltest (IDT) der goldene Standard, allerdings werden serologische Untersuchungen (ASIS) auf Allergen‐spezifisches Immunglobulin (Ig) E oft verwendet. Es gibt bei den Katzen keine Daten, die eine Übereinstimmung zwischen IDT und ASIS‐Ergebnissen beschreiben.
Hypothese/Ziele
Das erste Ziel dieser Studie war es, eine Katzenkolonie mit natürlich‐erworbenem felinen atopischem Syndrom (FAS) zu gründen. Weitere Ziele waren ihre Hypersensibilität zu definieren, um die Ergebnisse der Allergentests zu detaillieren und um eine Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Allergietests zu erfassen.
Tiere
Fünfunddreißig Katzen mit FAS und 10 Kontrollkatzen.
Materialien und Methoden
Ausgewählte Katzen durchliefen ein fünf Phasen‐Screening und einen Quarantäneprozess, bevor sie in die Kolonie aufgenommen wurden. Eine Eliminationsdiät wurde bei allen FAS Katzen durchgeführt. ASIS und IDT wurden in der Folge bei allen Katzen unter Sedierung durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden die Reaktionen auf 34 Allergene bei 45 Katzen erfasst. Die gesamte Sensibilität und Spezifität des ASIS betrug 34,7% bzw 78,9%. Nur Floh (ICC = 0,26, p = 0,040) und Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC= 0,48, p < 0,001) Allergene zeigten eine signifikante Intraklassen Korrelation (schwache Übereinstimmung). Zwei FAS Katzen hatten negative Tests, darunter war eine Katze mit einer gleichzeitigen Futtermittelallergie.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Diese Studie beschreibt die erste publizierte Kolonie von Katzen mit natürlich‐erworbenem FAS. Es handelt sich hierbei um die erste feline Studie, die die schwache Übereinstimmung zwischen Allergentests mit einem Panel von 34 Allergenen vergleicht. In dieser Kolonie waren auch zwei Katzen mit FAS mit negativen Allergietests. Dabei könnte es sich um die ersten beschriebenen Katzen handeln, die eine intrinsische Form des atopischen Syndroms aufweisen.
摘要
背景
过敏原检测用于选择脱敏疫苗中的抗原。皮内试验(IDT)是猫的金标准，但过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白(Ig)E血清学试验(ASIS)经常被使用。缺乏关于IDT和ASIS结果之间一致性的猫数据。
假设/目的
本研究的第一个目的是建立一个自然发病的猫特应性综合征(FAS)的病患群体。进一步的目的是定义其超敏反应疾病，详细说明过敏原测试结果，并评估过敏原测试之间的相似性。
动物
35只FAS患猫和10只对照猫。
材料和方法
被招募的猫在入组之前经历了五个阶段的筛查和检疫过程。对所有FAS猫进行食物排出试验。对所有处于镇静状态的猫接连进行ASIS和IDT。
结果
收集了45只猫对34种过敏原的反应。ASIS的总体敏感性和特异性分别为34.7%和78.9%。只有跳蚤(ICC=0.26，p=0.040)和屋尘螨(ICC=0.48，p<0.001)过敏原具有显著的组内相关性(弱一致性)。两只FAS猫的检测结果呈阴性，其中一只猫伴有食物过敏。
结论和临床相关性
本研究首次报道了自然发病的FAS患猫群体。这是第一项关于猫的研究，比较并显示过敏原测试与34种过敏原之间的一致性差。该群体还存在两只过敏原检测呈阴性的FAS猫。这些可能代表了首批被描述的特应性综合征患猫。
Résumé
Contexte
Les tests allergologiques sont utilisés pour sélectionner les antigènes inclus dans l’immunothérapie de désensibilisation. Les tests cutanés intradermiques (IDT) constituent l'étalon‐or chez le chat, mais les tests sérologique dosant les immunoglobulines (Ig)E spécifiques de l'allergène (ASIS) sont souvent utilisés. On manque de données sur les chats concernant la concordance entre les résultats de l'IDT et ceux de l'ASIS.
Hypothèse/Objectifs
Le premier objectif de l'étude est de constituer une colonie de chats atteints du syndrome atopique félin (SAF) acquis naturellement. Les autres objectifs sont de définir leur trouble d'hypersensibilité, de détailler les résultats des tests allergènes et d'évaluer la similarité entre les tests allergologiques.
Animaux
Trente‐cinq chats atteints du syndrome atopique félin et dix chats témoins.
Matériels et méthodes
Les chats recrutés sont soumis à un processus de sélection et de quarantaine en cinq phases avant de rejoindre la colonie. Un régime alimentaire d’éviction est réalisé sur tous les chats atteints de SAF. L'ASIS et l'IDT sont effectués consécutivement sur tous les chats sous sédation.
Résultats
Les réactions à 34 allergènes sont compilées pour les 45 chats. La sensibilité et la spécificité globales de l'ASIS sont respectivement de 34,7 % et 78,9 %. Seuls les allergènes de puces (ICC = 0,26, p = 0,040) et de Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (ICC = 0,48, p < 0,001) présentent une corrélation intraclasse significative (accord faible). Deux chats atteints de SAF ont obtenu des tests négatifs, dont un chat avec une allergie alimentaire concomitante.
Conclusions et pertinence clinique
Cette étude décrit la première colonie de chats présentant un SAF acquis naturellement. Il s'agit de la première étude féline à comparer et à montrer la faible concordance entre les tests allergologiques avec un panel de 34 allergènes. Cette colonie abrite également deux chats atteints de SAF dont les tests allergologiques sont négatifs. Il pourrait s'agir des premiers chats décrits avec une forme intrinsèque de syndrome atopique.
要約
背景
アレルゲン検査は減感作ワクチンに含まれる抗原の選択に用いられる。猫では皮内テスト(IDT)がゴールド・スタンダードであるが、アレルゲン特異的免疫グロブリン(Ig)E血清学的検査(ASIS)がしばしば用いられる。IDTとASISの結果の一致に関する猫のデータは不足している。
仮説/目的
研究の第一の目的は、自然に獲得した猫アトピー症候群(FAS)の猫のコロニーを確立することであった。さらなる目的は、過敏症の定義、アレルゲン検査結果の詳細、およびアレルゲン検査間の類似性の評価であった。
供試動物
FAS猫35頭および対照猫10頭。
材料と方法
登録猫はコロニーに加わる前に5段階のスクリーニングと検疫を受けた。すべてのFAS猫に除去食試験を実施した。ASISとIDTを鎮静下で全猫に連続して実施した。
結果
45頭の猫について34のアレルゲンに対する反応が集計された。ASISの全般的な感度は34.7%、特異度は78.9%であった。ノミ(ICC = 0.26, p = 0.040)とDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(ICC=0.48,p<0.001)のアレルゲンだけが有意なクラス内相関を示した(弱い一致)。食物アレルギーを併発した猫1頭を含む2頭のFAS猫は陰性であった。
結論と臨床的意義
本研究は、自然発症FASを有する猫のコロニーを初めて報告したものであった。34のアレルゲン・パネルを用いたアレルゲン検査間の一致性の低さを比較した最初のネコの研究であった。このコロニーにはアレルゲン検査陰性のFAS猫2頭もいる。これらは初めて報告された本質的なアトピー症候群のネコである可能性があった。
Resumo
Contexto
O teste alérgico é usado para selecionar os antígenos a serem incluídos na vacina de dessensibilização. O teste cutâneo intradérmico (IDT) é o padrão‐ouro em gatos, mas o teste sorológico de imunoglobulina (Ig)E alérgeno‐específica (ASIS) é frequentemente utlizado. Faltam dados sobre felinos em relação à concordância entre os resultados do IDT e do ASIS.
Hipótese/Objetivos
O primeiro objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer uma colônia de gatos com síndrome atópica felina (SAF) adquirida naturalmente. Outros objectivos eram definir o seu distúrbio de hipersensibilidade, detalhar os resultados dos testes de alérgicos e avaliar a semelhança entre os mesmos.
Animais
Trinta e cinco gatos com FAS e 10 gatos controle.
Materiais e Métodos
Os gatos inclusos passaram por um processo de triagem e quarentena em cinco fases antes de ingressarem na colônia. Um ensaio de dieta de eliminação foi realizado em todos os gatos com SAF. ASIS e IDT foram realizados consecutivamente em todos os gatos sob sedação.
Resultados
As reações a 34 alérgenos foram compiladas para os 45 gatos. A sensibilidade e a especificidade globais da ASIS foram de 34,7% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Apenas os alérgenos pulgas (CCI = 0,26, p = 0,040) e Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (CCI = 0,48, p < 0,001) tiveram correlação intraclasse significativa (concordância fraca). Dois gatos com SAF tiveram testes negativos, incluindo um gato com alergia alimentar concomitante.
Conclusões e relevância clínica
Este estudo retrata a primeira colônia relatada de gatos com SAF adquirida naturalmente. Este é o primeiro estudo felino a comparar e mostrar a fraca concordância entre os testes alérgicoa com um painel de 34 alérgenos. Esta colônia também abriga dois gatos com SAF com testes de alérgenos negativos. Estes podem representar os primeiros gatos descritos com uma forma intrínseca de síndrome atópica.
Resumen
Introducción
Las pruebas de alérgenos se utilizan para seleccionar los antígenos incluidos en la vacuna desensibilizante. La prueba cutánea intradérmica (IDT) es el estándar de referencia en gatos, aunque a menudo se utilizan pruebas serológicas de inmunoglobulina (Ig)E (Ig)E (ASIS) específicas para alérgenos. Faltan datos felinos sobre la concordancia entre los resultados de IDT y ASIS.
Hipótesis/Objetivos
El primer objetivo del estudio fue establecer una colonia de gatos con síndrome atópico felino (FAS) adquirido de forma natural. Otros objetivos eran definir su trastorno de hipersensibilidad para detallar los resultados de las pruebas de alérgenos y evaluar la similitud entre las pruebas de alérgenos.
Animales
Treinta y cinco gatos con FAS y 10 gatos control.
Materiales y métodos
Los gatos inscritos pasaron por un proceso de cuarentena y selección de cinco fases antes de unirse a la colonia. Se realizó una prueba de dieta de eliminación en todos los gatos con FAS. ASIS e IDT se realizar
A 7-year-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog had sudden onset of right-sided epistaxis. Diagnostic tests revealed Type III von Willebrand's disease and primary hypothyroidism leading to an acute ...hypothyroid crisis and acquired factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. Levothyroxine therapy normalized the serum thyroxine and FVIII concentrations. The delayed onset of disease and the reversible FVIII deficiency that was corrected with levothyroxine therapy, support a role for hypothyroidism in the pathogenesis of this dog's sudden bleeding tendency as has been seen with hypothyroidism in humans.
Windscapes affect energy costs for flying animals, but animals can adjust their behavior to accommodate wind-induced energy costs. Theory predicts that flying animals should decrease air speed to ...compensate for increased tailwind speed and increase air speed to compensate for increased crosswind speed. In addition, animals are expected to vary their foraging effort in time and space to maximize energy efficiency across variable windscapes.
We examined the influence of wind on seabird (thick-billed murre Uria lomvia and black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla) foraging behavior. Airspeed and mechanical flight costs (dynamic body acceleration and wing beat frequency) increased with headwind speed during commuting flights. As predicted, birds adjusted their airspeed to compensate for crosswinds and to reduce the effect of a headwind, but they could not completely compensate for the latter. As we were able to account for the effect of sampling frequency and wind speed, we accurately estimated commuting flight speed with no wind as 16.6 ms(?1) (murres) and 10.6 ms(?1) (kittiwakes). High winds decreased delivery rates of schooling fish (murres), energy (murres) and food (kittiwakes) but did not impact daily energy expenditure or chick growth rates. During high winds, murres switched from feeding their offspring with schooling fish, which required substantial above-water searching, to amphipods, which required less above-water searching.
Adults buffered the adverse effect of high winds on chick growth rates by switching to other food sources during windy days or increasing food delivery rates when weather improved.
•Medications for opioid use disorder reduced overdose deaths post-release.•Providing access to all three medications was superior to XR-naltrexone alone.•Access to all three medications reduced ...post-release overdose deaths by 32%.
We examined the impact of expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in a unified prison and jail system on post-release, opioid-related overdose mortality.
We developed a microsimulation model to simulate a population of 55,000 persons at risk of opioid-related overdose mortality in Rhode Island. The effect of an extended-release (XR) naltrexone only intervention and the effect of providing access to all three MOUD (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, and XR-naltrexone) at release from incarceration on cumulative overdose death over eight years (2017–2024) were compared to the standard of care (i.e., limited access to MOUD).
In the standard of care scenario, the model predicted 2385 opioid-related overdose deaths between 2017 and 2024. An XR-naltrexone intervention averted 103 deaths (4.3% reduction), and access to all three MOUD averted 139 deaths (5.8% reduction). Among those with prior year incarceration, an XR-naltrexone only intervention and access to all three MOUD reduced overdose deaths by 22.8% and 31.6%, respectively.
Expanded access to MOUD in prison and jail settings can reduce overdose mortality in a general, at-risk population. However, the real-world impact of this approach will vary by levels of incarceration, treatment enrollment, and post-release retention.
PDF
