Stem cells have the capacity to replicate and produce cell lines that differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells may be harvested from various sites and are named adult stem cells or ...embryonic stem cells based on their origin. Owing to their self renewing capabilities, they are used to correct large defects caused by diseases, trauma or surgery. However, they are limited by ethical and moral considerations as well as difficulty in isolation, culturing and implantation. Dental stem cells retain the property of differentiation into neurogenic, adipogenic and odontogenic components and are used in the reconstruction of orofacial structures. Scaffolding impregnated with bone morphogenic proteins and growth factors is essential prior to stem cell implantation. This 3D scaffolding with biomatrix is then introduced into the clinical site to facilitate regeneration of tissues. In the maxillofacial region, stem cells may be derived from the pulp, apical papilla, dental follicle, periodontal ligament, deciduous teeth and mucosa. They can be used for bioengineering of pulp and periapical tissues, soft tissues, bone, temporomandibular joint and periodontium. A multi-speciality approach involving cell biologists, pharmacologists and bioengineers is required to harness the vast potential of stem cell therapy and to obtain reliable treatment outcomes in the future.
Dens invaginatus: A report of two cases Asan, Mohamed Faizal; Babu, G. Subhas; Bhat, Supriya ...
Gülhane tıp dergisi,
03/2021, Letnik:
63, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Dens invaginatus is an uncommon developmental anomaly of teeth arising due to the invagination of the dental papilla. The affected teeth show an infolding of enamel and dentine even sometimes ...extending into the root causing perforation. The malformation exhibits a wide variety of presentation. On the other hand, it can affect any teeth including primary, permanent and supernumerary teeth. The frequently affected teeth are maxillary lateral incisors. It usually results in pulpal necrosis when the invagination is extending into the pulp chamber. In most cases, it is diagnosed as an incidental finding in a routine dental examination as an alteration of the crown structure or as a radiographic finding. An early prophylactic approach is the most effective means of treatment. However, endodontic management of the affected tooth is often required.
Objective: Oral cancer remains a substantial health burden worldwide despite creditable developments in its prevention, detection, and treatment. The early detection of oral cancer offers high ...chances of survival and improves response to therapy making overall healthcare affordable. The aim and objective of this study were to compare and correlate serum and saliva ferritin levels in healthy subjects, oral potentially malignant disorders, and subjects with oral cancer and to assess the role of saliva as a valuable diagnostic tool. Methods: Totally 30 participants each in 3 groups comprising healthy subjects, oral potentially malignant disorders, and oral cancer constituted the sample size. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was employed for serum and saliva ferritin levels. Results: The respective mean serum ferritin and saliva ferritin levels were increased significantly in subjects with oral cancer (296.62 + or - 82.54 ng/mL and 80.44 + or - 12.94 ng/mL, respectively) and decreased significantly in oral potentially malignant disorders (69.83 + or - 17.39 ng/mL and 17.49 + or - 5.40 ng/mL, respectively) with a highly significant P <.001 when compared to that of healthy subjects, (116.15 + or - 21.19 ng/mL and 38.47 + or - 8.08 ng/mL), P <.001. All the 3 groups had a significant positive correlation between serum and saliva ferritin levels; healthy controls (r = 0.622), oral potentially malignant disorders (r = 0.878), and oral cancer (r = 0.668). Conclusion: The encouraging results of the present study demonstrate the potential involvement of ferritin in the pathogenesis of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. Further, the study favors saliva, as a reliable and non-invasive diagnostic tool providing a cost-effective approach for screening large populations. Keywords: Ferritin, oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders, saliva, serum
Abstract
Background
Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an FDA approved antibiotic with antimycobacterial activity. BDQ resistance has been observed in several Mycobacterium species. High-level resistance is due to ...mutations in ATP synthase. Low -level resistance is attributed to drug efflux. Previously, we suggested that the MmpSL5 efflux system mediates BDQ resistance in M. intracellulare. Here, we examine the role of MmpT5 in transcriptional regulation of mmpSL5 and BDQ resistance.
Methods
In this study, mmpSL5-mmpT5 genes were cloned from 2 pre-treatment (wild-type mmpT5) and 2 relapse (mutant mmpT5) isolates of M. intracellulare and transformed into M. smegmatis. BDQ MICs were determined as well as cell survival after 24 hours exposure to an inhibitory concentration (0.07 µg/mL) of BDQ. Transcription of the M. intracellulare mmpT5 and mmpSL5 promoters was monitored with luciferase reporter gene fusions in the presence of wild-type and mutant alleles of mmpT5. Single and multigene constructs were created using the MoClo system, and transformed into E. coli DH5α. Constructs containing the M. tuberculosis rv0678 gene, which mediates low-level BDQ resistance in M. tuberculosis, were also examined.
Results
The BDQ MIC for the M. smegmatis control strain, and all strains containing mmpSL5-mmpT5 constructs, was 0.007 µg/mL. Even so, strains containing mutant mmpT5 alleles showed enhanced survival after 24 hours exposure to 0.007 µg/mL BDQ. Bacterial colonies associated with mutant mmpT5 alleles exhibited altered morphology relative to wild-type strains. Transcription of mmpSL5 was repressed by wild-type mmpT5, but neither mutant mmpT5 nor rv0678 repressed transcription. The mmpT5 luciferase reporter was not active.
Conclusion
MmpT5 represses transcription of mmpSL5 whereas the operon is dysregulated by mmpT5 mutations. Although Rv0678 regulates mmpSL expression in M. tuberculosis, it cannot repress the M. intracellulare mmpSL5 genes. The mmpSL5-mmpT5 genes have no impact on the BDQ MIC for M. smegmatis, but constructs containing mutant mmpT5 alleles do enhance bacterial survival. The altered morphology of these colonies suggests that BDQ resistance is mediated by cell wall changes in combination with drug efflux.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
Abstract
Background and Aims:
The aim of this study was to estimate the detoxification status of serum and saliva by assessing the serum and salivary Vitamin C in oral potentially malignant disorders ...and oral cancer. Subjects and
Methods:
A total of 90 subjects, 30 subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders, 30 subjects with oral cancer, and 30 healthy subjects (controls) were included in the study. Serum and saliva were collected and levels of Vitamin C were assessed. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA test for the comparison between the groups. Post hoc Tukey's analysis was used for the comparison of the two study groups to the control group. Correlation between the groups was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient test.
Results:
The mean serum and salivary Vitamin C levels were decreased significantly in potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer when compared to healthy subjects.
Conclusions:
As significant reduction of Vitamin C is seen in saliva, it can be stated that saliva can be used as a reliable, noninvasive biomarker in diagnosis and management of potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.
An erupted compound odontome - a rare occurrence KA, Fazil; Castelino, Renita; Babu, Subhas ...
Inönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi dergisi,
3/2017, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odontome in very rare instances erupts into the oral
cavity. It was Rumel et al in nineteen eighty who first
explained a case of an erupted odontome. Paul Broca in
1867 first used the phrase odontoma ...and defined it as
tumors produced by the excessive growth of complete
dental tissue (1). The phrase “odontoma” refers to any
tumor of odontogenic origin. They are considered as
developmental abnormalities rather than a true neoplasm
(2). The likely etiologies proposed are local trauma, genetic
susceptibility and infection (3).
The maxillonasal dysplasia Madi, Medhini; Babu, Subhas; Bhat, Supriya ...
Inönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi dergisi,
3/2017, Letnik:
24, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Maxillonasal dysplasia also called Binder’s syndrome is
a congenital deformity characterized by nasomaxillary
hypoplasia that is attributed to underdeveloped mid-facial
skeleton (1). They have a ...characteristic appearance that
is effortlessly identifiable (2). Binder, who first defined this
syndrome as a distinct clinical entity in 1962, attributed
the cause of this syndrome to the disturbance of the
prosencephalic induction center during embryonic life (3).
Noyes in 1939 described the salient features of Binder’s
syndrome (4). Binder reported 3 cases and presented 6
characteristic features for this syndrome (5). Arhinoid
face, abnormal position of the nasal bones, intermaxillary
hypoplasia with consecutive malocclusion, reduced or
absent anterior nasal spine, atrophy of the nasal mucosa
and absence of the frontal sinus.
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