The proposed magnetized Iron CALorimeter detector (ICAL) to be built in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) laboratory aims to study atmospheric neutrinos and its properties such as precision ...measurements of oscillation parameters and the neutrino mass hierarchy. High energy charged current (CC) interactions of atmospheric neutrinos with the rock surrounding the detector produce so-called “rock muons” along with hadrons. While the hadron component of these events are absorbed in the rock itself, the rock muons traverse the rock and are detected in the detector. These rock muon events can be distinguished from cosmic muons only in the upward direction and can provide an independent measurement of the oscillation parameters. A simulation study of these events at the ICAL detector shows that, although reduced in significance compared to muons produced in direct CC neutrino interactions with the detector, these events are indeed sensitive to the oscillation parameters, achieving a possible
1
σ
precision of 10% and 27% in determining
Δ
m
32
2
and
sin
2
θ
23
, respectively. Hence a combination of the standard atmospheric neutrino analysis which is the main goal of ICAL, with these rock muon events, will improve the precision reach of ICAL for these parameters.
Abstract Study question What is the effect of rescue-dose progesterone in patients with low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer in frozen embryo transfer cycles? Summary answer In ...patients with low serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer, rescue dose progesterone results in significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates. What is known already Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become more common lately with many centers utilizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to electively plan embryo transfer with improved compliance rates. Serum progesterone level on the day of embryo transfer is a very simple, useful investigation which can be used as a predictor of clinical outcomes. Patients with lower progesterone levels (<5ng/ml) are associated with lower clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates. Progesterone levels of > 10ng/ml are considered optimal by various studies. There is limited data on the efficacy of progesterone supplementation in patients with low progesterone levels. Study design, size, duration This study was conducted to assess the effect of rescue dose progesterone in patients with low serum progesterone levels on the day of embryo transfer in patients with HRT-FET cycles. This was a retrospective study and data was collected from prospectively maintained records of patients undergoing treatment at Miracles IVF and fertility center, Gurgaon, India between December, 2021 to November, 2023. Participants/materials, setting, methods All were HRT-FET cycles with vaginal progesterone supplementation of 800 mg/day. Serum progesterone levels were done on day of embryo transfer and if 5-10 ng/ml, rescue dose progesterone (100 mg intramuscular) was given. Single blastocyst embryo transfer was done. Inclusion criteria: 1.Age 25-35 years, 2.Endometrial thickness >7.5mm on day of start of progesterone. Exclusion criteria: 1.Transfer day progesterone <5ng/ml, 2. BMI > 30, 3. Previously failed embryo transfer The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate. Main results and the role of chance A total of 121 patients underwent 165 cycles during the study period with 93 patients included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 35 patients (37.6%) received rescue dose progesterone (RD group) and remaining 58 patients (62.4%) received no rescue dose (NRD group) as per their serum progesterone levels. All these patients were followed as per protocol and serum bhcg was done after 14 days of embryo transfer. Patients with positive values were monitored till positive clinical pregnancy. Biochemical pregnancy rates were 20 out of 35 (57.1%), 35 out of 58 ( 60.3%) and 55 out of 93 ( 59.1%) in RD group, NRD group and overall respectively. Clinical pregnancy rates were 18 out of 35 (51.4%), 34 out of 58 ( 58.6%) and 52 out of 93 ( 55.9%) in RD group, NRD group and overall respectively. RD group had significantly improved outcomes in terms of clinical pregnancy rates which were comparable to NRD group Limitations, reasons for caution Limitations, reasons for caution: Ours was a single center retrospective study with limited sample size. Though, our study revealed comparable outcome between the two groups but large volume multicenter studies are needed for making conclusive recommendations. Wider implications of the findings This study provides an insight into the role of serum progesterone levels on the day of embryo transfer. Rescue progesterone dosage for patients with sub-optimal serum progesterone levels may help in achieving similar clinical pregnancy rates and improving overall outcomes. Trial registration number not applicable
Although solute carrier (SLC) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are critical to the absorption, distribution, and elimination of many small‐molecule drugs in children, how these ...transporters regulate pediatric drug handling remains unclear. For proper dosing and to diminish toxicity, we need a better understanding of how organ development and functional maturation, as well as developmental changes in systemic physiology, impact transporter‐mediated drug handling at pediatric developmental stages from the preterm infant through adolescence.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 94 1, 27–29. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.82
Development and characterization of single gap glass RPC Manisha; Bhatnagar, V.; Shahi, J.S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2016, Letnik:
840
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) facility is going to have a 50kton magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector for precision measurements of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos. ...The proposed ICAL detector will be a stack of magnetized iron plates (acting as target material) interleaved with glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the active detector elements. An RPC is a gaseous detector made up of two parallel electrode plates having high bulk resistivity like that of a float glass and bakelite. For the ICAL detector, glass is preferred over bakelite as it does not need any kind of surface treatment to achieve better surface uniformity and also the cost of associated electronics is reduced. Under the detector R&D efforts for the proposed glass RPC detector, a few glass RPCs of 1m × 1m dimension are fabricated procuring glass of ∼2mm thickness from one of the Indian glass manufacturers (Asahi). In the present paper, we report the characterization of RPC based on leakage current, muon detection efficiency and noise rate studies with varying gas compositions.
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general-purpose particle detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) designed to study a wide range of particles produced in high energy collisions. The ...interaction of the beams with the pipe, shielding and detector supporting materials can produce neutrons, photons, electrons and positrons, forming a common background radiation field for CMS detector. A Monte-Carlo simulation is used to predict the background rate for a newly installed detector. In the forward region, the upgrade includes Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors called GE1/1. In this study, an estimate of the GE1/1 detector response to the background radiation is presented. The flux of background radiation is predicted using the FLUKA framework and the response of the detector is predicted using the GEANT4 framework. A comparison with actual GEM slice data is used as validation.
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