The fifth-generation wireless networks (5G) have an extremely low latency together with hundred times higher data transmission speed as compared to the existing 4G network. In healthcare, the ...ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLT) feature of 5G will offer faster internet connectivity for massive objects and medical devices, with greater bandwidth and super coverage and availability. 5G is not a single technology or standard, but rather a combination of cutting-edge technologies, including big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, virtual reality, machine learning, and deep learning, supercomputing and Internet of Things as well as digital security capabilities like blockchain. Together they will create an integrated ecosystem which will change medical education, telemedicine, smart ambulance and emergency services, care of the elderly and the patients recuperating in their homes, remote physiotherapy support and even remote surgery.
High‐entropy materials, especially high‐entropy alloys and oxides, have gained significant interest over the years due to their unique structural characteristics and correlated possibilities for ...tailoring of functional properties. The developments in the area of high‐entropy oxides are highlighted here, with emphasis placed on their fundamental understanding, including entropy‐dominated phase‐stabilization effects and prospective applications, e.g., in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Critical comments on the different classes of high‐entropy oxides are made and the underlying principles for the observed properties are summarized. The diversity of materials design, provided by the entropy‐mediated phase‐stabilization concept, allows engineering of new oxide candidates for practical applications, warranting further studies in this emerging field of materials science.
High‐entropy oxides have gained significant interest over the years due to their chemical complexity, and they provide a novel strategy for materials design to tailor properties for targeted applications. The entropy‐based stabilization concept not only renders the possibility of influencing the phase stability of a multicationic system, but also affects their functional properties.
•Heavy metals in Tea Factory Coal Ash reduced due to vermicomposting.•Compost quality and earthworm reproduction was satisfactory.•Metal exposure increased metallothionein content in earthworm ...intestine.•Gut metal content was higher in Eisenia fetida than Lampito mauritii.
Earthworms can accumulate heavy metals in their intestines to a great extent. Impact of feed materials and duration of metal exposure on natural activity of earthworms are rather unclear; this investigation therefore addresses the impact of metal rich Tea Factory Coal Ash (TFCA) on reproduction, composting and metal accumulation ability of Eisenia fetida and Lampito mauritii. Earthworm count and cocoon production increased significantly during vermicomposting. pH of the vermicomposted mixtures shifted toward neutrality, total organic C decreased substantially and total N enhanced significantly compared to composting. High heavy metal (Mn, Zn, Cu, As) accumulation was recorded in the intestine of both the earthworm species. Moreover, gradual increase in the metal-inducible metallothionein concentration indicated the causal mechanism of metal accumulation in these species. TFCA+cow dung (CD) (1:1) were most favorable feed mixture for E. fetida and TFCA+CD (1:2) were good for L. mauritii in regard to metal accumulation and compost quality.
In recent years, the concept of entropy stabilization of crystal structures in oxide systems has led to an increased research activity in the field of "high entropy oxides". These compounds comprise ...the incorporation of multiple metal cations into single-phase crystal structures and interactions among the various metal cations leading to interesting novel and unexpected properties. Here, we report on the reversible lithium storage properties of the high entropy oxides, the underlying mechanisms governing these properties, and the influence of entropy stabilization on the electrochemical behavior. It is found that the stabilization effect of entropy brings significant benefits for the storage capacity retention of high entropy oxides and greatly improves the cycling stability. Additionally, it is observed that the electrochemical behavior of the high entropy oxides depends on each of the metal cations present, thus providing the opportunity to tailor the electrochemical properties by simply changing the elemental composition.
Owing to their robust Li-ion storage properties induced by the entropy stabilization effect, transition-metal-based high entropy oxides are considered promising electrode materials for use in Li-ion ...batteries. In this work, full-cells comprising (Co0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2)O anode and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode were assembled to explore their potential for practical applications. The cycling performance was studied by different electrochemical experiments. The cells were found to deliver an initial specific discharge capacity of 446 mAh g−1, which was maintained at 300 and 256 mAh g−1 after 50 and 100 cycles, respectively, and they showed stable cyclability even at specific currents of 1.6 A g−1. More importantly, high specific energy and power densities of about 240 Wh kg−1 and 320 W kg−1 were achieved. Additionally, pouch cells of total capacity 2.5 mAh were built and successfully employed as a power source.
•First application of high entropy oxides as a viable anode active material for Li-ion full-cells•Even non-optimized NCM111//TM-HEO pouch and coin-cells exhibit promising cycling performance at various current loads.•Specific energy densities as high as 240 Wh kg−1 can be achieved readily.
Using first-principles density functional calculations, we show that a transition-metal (TM)-doped defected graphene sheet with periodic repetition of a C atom vacancy (Vc) can be used as a promising ...system for hydrogen storage. The TM atoms adsorbed above and below the defected site are found to have a strong bonding to the graphene sheet, thereby circumventing the problem of TM clustering, which is the main impediment for efficient hydrogen storage in nanostructure systems. The results reveal that, when the vacancy-modulated graphene sheet is decorated on both sides by a combination of less than half-filled (TM1) and more than half-filled (TM2) elements, it results in the adsorption of molecular hydrogen with a binding energy lying in the desirable energy window. Among all the different TM1−TM2 combinations at a C vacancy site, Fe−Ti turns out to be the best choice where five H2 molecules get attached on each pair. To underscore the stability of these hydrogenated systems, we have performed an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation for a fully decorated defected graphene structure. The results show that, at room temperature, the system is stable with a gravimetric efficiency of 5.1 wt % of hydrogen, whereas desorption starts only at ∼400 K.
A simplified design procedure for foundations of offshore wind turbines is often useful as it can provide the types and sizes of foundation required to carry out financial viability analysis of a ...project and can also be used for tender design. This paper presents a simplified way of carrying out the design of monopiles based on necessary data (i.e. the least amount of data), namely site characteristics (wind speed at reference height, wind turbulence intensity, water depth, wave height and wave period), turbine characteristics (rated power, rated wind speed, rotor diameter, cut-in and cut-out speed, mass of the rotor-nacelle-assembly) and ground profile (soil stiffness variation with depth and soil stiffness at one diameter depth). Other data that may be required for final detailed design are also discussed. A flowchart of the design process is also presented for visualisation of the rather complex multi-disciplinary analysis. Where possible, validation of the proposed method is carried out based on field data and references/guidance are also drawn from codes of practice and certification bodies. The calculation procedures that are required can be easily carried out either through a series of spreadsheets or simple hand calculations. An example problem emulating the design of foundations for London Array wind farm is taken to demonstrate the proposed calculation procedure. The data used for the calculations are obtained from publicly available sources and the example shows that the simplified method arrives at a similar foundation to the one actually used in the project.
•Step by step methodology for monopile design.•Flowchart of the whole design process highlighting interdependency.•Long term tilt calculation shown.•Foundation flexibility and dynamics considered.
A swarm of volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTEs) started in May 2018 at the east of Mayotte. In addition, in the following month, long-period earthquakes (LPEs) also started occurring at this swarm ...zone, transmitting long-period (LP) waves whose records in broadband seismographs are analyzed. Since then, 251 LPEs of magnitude (
M
s) between 3.2 and 4.9 have occurred. The LPE occurrence was maximum during October 2018; the occurrence decreased significantly from June 2019 and continued to January 2022. Prior to the VTE swarm, two more LPEs, each of magnitude 3.2, occurred in the same zone in May 2010 and January 2018. Records of many LPEs show that the amplitude of LP waves is small at the beginning, attains maximum by 3–5 min and decreases thereafter. However, there are other LPEs showing waves with a repeated increase and decrease in amplitude. The LP waves are of duration of about 26 min and consist of monochromatic Rayleigh waves with a period between 14.52 s and 15.63 s. The increase and decrease in the period happened simultaneously with the increase and decrease in the number of LPEs. An increase in period was noted in January 2018 prior to the volcano-tectonic activity that started in May 2018. Comparisons of synthetic and observed seismograms show that a LP waveform depicts amplitude-varying monochromatic oscillation of a volcanic fluid-filled resonator; varieties of amplitude variation pattern of an oscillation are noted for different LPEs. To explain such amplitude-varying oscillation, we need to refine the existing fluid mechanics in the resonator.
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