Cytokinin response regulators (RRs) are a family of transcription factors, which function as a signal output of the cytokinin two-component signaling pathway, play an essential role in plant growth ...and development. They have been identified in many plants, but little is known in grape. Also, how RRs meditated cytokinin signal pathway in grape berry set process is unclear. In this study, employing the tools of bioinformatics we identified the 32 genes of RRs in grape (
Vitis vinifera
), which distributed on 14 chromosomes, and they were divided into three group based on phylogenic analysis and conserved domain, including 14 A-type, 11 B-type and 7 pseudo-type RRs. We present a complete studied of response regulators gene family in grape, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, conserved motif organization, gene structure. The expression of 32
VviRRs
in control and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea CPPU treatment was explored using RNA-seq data, 9
VviRRs
differential genes (DEGs) were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification after CPPU treatment. Our results provided a foundation for better understanding the mechanism of cytokinin mediated berry set which will be beneficial to make use of synthetic plant growth regulator in cultivation practice.
The aim of the study is to investigate the radiosensitivity of CD44+/CD24+ cervical cancer cells and to explore its mechanism of radiotherapy resistance. Moreover, we further to test whether the ...CD44+/CD24+ cervical cancer cells had the characteristics of stem cells.
The human squamous cell carcinoma SiHa cells were cultured in vitro, and CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells were sorted by FACS analysis. CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells and the parental SiHa cells were given several fractionated irradiation at a cumulative dose of 8 Gy, 16 Gy, 30 Gy, respectively. Survival curves were obtained and fitted using clonogenic assays, and the radiosensitivity of tumor cells was compared according to the radiobiological parameters, including Do, Dq, N and SF 2. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis were determined using Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. The ultrastructural changes in cells with apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell apoptosis rate was determined by FCAS analysis. DNA "ladder" in apoptotic cells was detected by gel electrophoresis. The mRNA levels of cell apoptosis-related genes were detected by RT-PCR assay. Balling capacities of CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells and parental SiHa cells were detected by suspension culture without FBS. The in vivo tumorigenicity was detected by inoculating CD44+/CD24+ SiHa and parental SiHa cells into nude mice.
The FACS analysis results demonstrated that there was a concomitant increase in the percentage of CD44+/CD24+ cells as the increasing irradiation doses. Colony formation assay results showed that the colony formation rate of CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells was significantly higher than that of parental SiHa cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the data from Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA fragment gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy and FACS analysis showed that CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells had no cell apoptosis after irradiation treatment. RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of bcl-2, surviving and OCT4 were significantly higher in CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells than that of parental SiHa cells (p < 0.01). CD44+/CD24+ SiHa cells could form more compact cell spheres with a larger volume than that of parental SiHa cells (p < 0.05). CD44+/CD24+ cervical cancer cells had more potent tumorigenicity than that of parental cervical cancer cells.
CD44+/CD24+ cervical cancer resist cell apoptosis induced by irradiation therapy and possessed the characteristics of stem cells.
Detonation-synthesized nanocrystalline diamond is a novel carbon material. Its increased electrical conductivity, due to the features of giant specific surface area and large numbers of surface ...defects as well as the cluster structure, makes it possible to be used as an electrode material. Nanodiamond powder electrodes were fabricated and the electrochemistry was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance measurement. The results show that nanodiamond powder electrode is electrochemically stable in KCl electrolytes over a wide potential range (−
1.2–2.0 V). The electrode reaction is quasi-reversible in 0.1 M KCl containing the ferricyanide–ferrocyanide redox couple. The electrode reaction rate constant
k is estimated to be 2.87
×
10
−
3
cm/s. The peak current increases linearly with the rising of the concentration of Fe(CN)
6
3−/4−. The AC impedance spectra have been analyzed and an equivalent circuit proposed.
Solid-state tellurium (Te) is used as an n-type dopant of AlInP grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The carrier concentration proportionally increases with increasing Te beam equivalent pressure ...(BEP) up to a high doping density of 1 x 10 super(19) cm super(-3). The incorporation of Te into AlInP results in a mirror-like surface at a moderate doping density due to its surfactant effect, while the surface roughness increased with a further rising of Te doping concentration. Furthermore, for the same In and Al flux ratio, the increase of the Te flux leads to a decreased In-content, but little effect on the alloy's disorder is observed. The highly Te-doped AlInP was used in a GaAs solar cell as a window layer. As compared with the solar cell with the Si-doped AlInP window layer, the device with the Te-doped AlInP window layer exhibits the higher efficiency and an extended increase under concentrated solar illumination, due to the benefits of the higher doping density in the Te-doped epilayer.
The beta-barrel mitochondrial outer membrane protein voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial functions and the control of apoptosis. It ...appears to be a convergence point for a diversity of cell survival and cell death signals, which was mediated by its association with various ligands and proteins. In this study, the binding behavior of VDAC-1 with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were studied by spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking. The results showed that ATP and NADH bound to VDAC-1 in equimolar amounts. The association constants of VDAC-1 with ATP and NADH were 1.93 × 10
4
and 1.15 × 10
4
L mol
−1
at 20 °C, respectively. The data from the spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking studies revealed that ATP and NADH could bind to the nucleotide binding sites of VDAC-1 through electrostatic interactions. The structural difference and flexible feature in ligands could affect the binding affinity to VDAC-1, which provides useful help in the design and discovery of lead compounds for the treatment of VDAC-1 related diseases.
Recognition and binding of voltage-dependent anion channel-1 with ATP and NADH by spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking.
Platinum nanoparticles supported on undoped nanodiamond (ND) with an average particle size of 50 nm were prepared using a microwave-heating polyol method. This method involves the addition of ...different amounts of chloroplatinic acid in the synthesis solution to obtain different Pt mass percentages. The Pt/ND catalysts were characterized by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The small and uniform Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersed on ND supports. The mean size of the Pt particles was 4–5 nm. The effect of Pt loading on catalytic performance was investigated. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Pt/ND catalysts prepared with proper Pt mass percentage exhibited a significantly high electrocatalytic activity for methanol electrooxidation.
► Undoped nanodiamond (ND) is used as a new stable catalytic support material. ► Pt particles are loaded on ND’s surface with microwave-assisted polyol method. ► Pt particles are small and uniform in size, and highly dispersed on ND supports. ► Pt/ND exhibits a good electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation.
Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to define the clinical features and the surgical technique of unilateral hemilaminectomy for treating intramedullary cavernous malformations. ...Materials and methods Retrospective chart was performed in 16 patients with histologically diagnosed intramedullary cavernous malformations. All patients were treated with unilateral hemilaminectomy and microsurgical resection of the malformations. The pre- and postoperative neurological state was evaluated using Frankel scale. Results There were nine females and seven males (mean age 38 years) harbouring symptomatic intramedullary cavernous malformations. The annual retrospective haemorrhage rate was 3.1% per patient/year. All cavernous malformations were completely resected. Twelve of 16 patients experienced the improvement of the neurological state and in four patients, clinical features remained unchanged during the follow-up period. Static and dynamic plain radiograph film showed none of them had spinal deformity or spinal instability. Conclusion According to the defined bleeding risk, symptomatic and MRI-morphologically growing intramedullary cavernous malformations should be totally surgically removed, to avoid the recurrence and rebleeding of the residue. A least traumatic myelotomy, as well as a meticulous microsurgical technique and the intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring, together with selection of a minimally invasive microsurgical approach (hemilaminectomy), leads to a favourable outcome and prevents additional morbidity.
In this study, a micromechanics model has been proposed for predicting the effects of particle size and aggregation on elastic properties of nanocomposites, and the interphase between the particle ...and matrix is also taken into account. Inherent characteristics of nanoparticle, such as small size and high surface area ratio, make nanoparticle in a state of unstable energy and easy to agglomerate in matrix. The analytical expressions for the effective elastic modulus of nanocomposites are derived, which can consider the effect of particle agglomeration. The dispersion state or degree of agglomeration of nanoparticle and the thickness and stiffness of interphase are known to have a significant influence on nanocomposites. The results show that the increase of particle radius and agglomeration volume fractions reduces the elastic stiffness of nanocomposites. Moreover, the composite reinforcement can be improved by increases of interphase thickness and stiffness.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are considered as potential structural materials for aerospace and defense applications where impacts are recurrently encountered. The dynamic mechanical properties and the ...underlying deformation and damage mechanisms are significant for safety assessment and structural design optimization, but are underinvestigated. In this work, two types of plate impact experiments, i.e., shock compression and spallation, are performed on typical quaternary CoCrFeNi HEA (at%), to investigate its dynamic mechanical properties and microscopic deformation/damage mechanisms. Free-surface velocity histories are measured to evaluate the mechanical properties and damage processes, including the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL; ∼0.8 GPa), spall strength (∼3.2 GPa) and pullback rates. The spall strength of the CoCrFeNi HEA is higher than those of most medium- and high-entropy alloys ever reported, except for the Al0.1CoCrFeNi HEA. The deformed samples are characterized with scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Shock-induced dislocation slip and deformation twinning dominate plastic deformation. With increasing impact velocity, dislocation density increases significantly and twin bundles appear instead of individual twins. For incipient spallation, voids nucleate preferentially at grain boundaries, especially at grain boundary triple junctions. Damage in the CoCrFeNi HEA is ductile in nature.
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•CoCrFeNi HEA demonstrates an excellent spall strength-ductility combination.•Nano-twin bundles, rather than individual nano-twins, apper at uf = 901 m s−1.•Voids nucleate at grain boundaries, especially at grain boundary triple junctions.•Heterogeneous-structured dimples reveal ductile damage in CoCrFeNi HEA.
As an invasive cancer, breast cancer is the most common tumour in women and is with high mortality. To study the mechanisms of HER2-positive breast cancer, we analyzed microarray of GSE52194.
...GSE52194 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus including 5 HER2-positive breast cancer samples and 3 normal breast samples. Using cuffdiff software, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were screened. Functions of the DEGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape and modules of the PPI network were screened by CFinder. Moreover, lncRNA-DEG pairs were screened.
Total 209 lncRNA transcriptions were predicted, and 996 differentially expressed transcriptions were screened. Besides, FOS had interaction relationships with EGR1 and SOD2 separately in module E and F of the PPI network for the DEGs. Moreover, there were many lncRNA-DEG pairs (e.g. TCONS_00003876-EGR1, TCONS_00003876-FOS, lnc-HOXC4-3:1-FOS, lnc-HOXC4-3:1-BCL6B, lnc-TEAD4-1:1-FOS and lnc-TEAD4-1:1-BCL6B), meanwhile, co-expressed DEGs of TCONS_00003876, lnc-HOXC4-3:1 and lnc-TEAD4-1:1 were enriched in p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and cancer-related pathways, respectively.
ANXA1, EGR1, BCL6, SOD2, FOS, TCONS_00003876, lnc-HOXC4-3:1 and lnc-TEAD4-1:1 might play a role in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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