The first complete calculation of the next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections to four-lepton production at the LHC is presented, where all off-shell effects of intermediate Z bosons and photons ...are taken into account. Focusing on the mixed final state μ^{+}μ^{-}e^{+}e^{-}, we study differential cross sections that are particularly interesting for Higgs boson analyses. The electroweak corrections are divided into photonic and purely weak corrections. The former exhibit patterns familiar from similar W- or Z-boson production processes with very large radiative tails near resonances and kinematical shoulders. The weak corrections are of the generic size of 5% and show interesting variations, in particular, a sign change between the regions of resonant Z-pair production and the Higgs signal.
We present a computer library for the numerical evaluation of colour-ordered n-gluon amplitudes at one-loop order in pure Yang–Mills theory. The library uses the recently developed technique of ...generalised unitarity. Running in double precision the library yields reliable results for up to 14 gluons with only a small fraction of events requiring a re-evaluation using extended floating point arithmetic. We believe that the library presented here provides an important contribution to future LHC phenomenology. The program may also prove useful in cross checking results obtained by other methods. In addition, the code provides a sample implementation which may serve as a starting point for further developments.
Program title:NGluon
Catalogue identifier: AEIZ_v1_0
Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEIZ_v1_0.html
Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queenʼs University, Belfast, N. Ireland
Licensing provisions: GNU Public License
No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 30 677
No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 334 896
Distribution format: tar.gz
Programming language: C++
Computer: Any computer platform supported by the GNU compiler suite.
Operating system: No specific requirements – tested on Scientific Linux 5.2.
RAM: Depending on the complexity, for realistic applications like 10 gluon production in double precision below 10 MB.
Classification: 11.5
External routines: QCDLoop (http://qcdloop.fnal.gov/), qd (http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/mpdist/)
Nature of problem: Evaluation of next-to-leading order corrections for gluon scattering amplitudes in pure gauge theory.
Solution method: Purely numerical approach based on tree amplitudes obtained via Berends–Giele recursion combined with unitarity method.
Restrictions: Running in double precision the number of gluons should not exceed 14.
Running time: Depending on the number of external gluons between less than a millisecond (4 gluons) up to a 1 s (14 gluons) per phase space point.
► We present a c++ code computing one-loop multi-gluon amplitudes in Yang–Mills. ► We use newly developed generalised unitarity methods for a fast implementation. ► An arbitrary number of gluons can be computed using multiple precision. ► Results are numerically stable in double precision for <14 gluons.
To identify the dose-volume parameters that predict the risk of chest wall (CW) pain and/or rib fracture after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy.
From a combined, larger multi-institution ...experience, 60 consecutive patients treated with three to five fractions of stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary or metastatic peripheral lung lesions were reviewed. CW pain was assessed using the Common Toxicity Criteria for pain. Peripheral lung lesions were defined as those located within 2.5 cm of the CW. A minimal point dose of 20 Gy to the CW was required. The CW volume receiving >or=20, >or=30, >or=40, >or=50, and >or=60 Gy was determined and related to the risk of CW toxicity.
Of the 60 patients, 17 experienced Grade 3 CW pain and five rib fractures. The median interval to the onset of severe pain and/or fracture was 7.1 months. The risk of CW toxicity was fitted to the median effective concentration dose-response model. The CW volume receiving 30 Gy best predicted the risk of severe CW pain and/or rib fracture (R(2) = 0.9552). A volume threshold of 30 cm(3) was observed before severe pain and/or rib fracture was reported. A 30% risk of developing severe CW toxicity correlated with a CW volume of 35 cm(3) receiving 30 Gy.
The development of CW toxicity is clinically relevant, and the CW should be considered an organ at risk in treatment planning. The CW volume receiving 30 Gy in three to five fractions should be limited to <30 cm(3), if possible, to reduce the risk of toxicity without compromising tumor coverage.
Lead halide perovskites are increasingly considered for applications beyond photovoltaics, for example, light emission and detection, where an ability to pattern and prototype microscale geometries ...can facilitate the incorporation of this class of materials into devices. Here we demonstrate laser direct write of lead halide perovskites, a remarkably simple procedure that takes advantage of the inverse dependence between perovskite solubility and temperature by using a laser to induce localized heating of an absorbing substrate. We demonstrate arbitrary pattern formation of crystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 on a range of substrates and fabricate and characterize a microscale photodetector using this approach. This direct write methodology provides a path forward for the prototyping and production of perovskite-based devices.
T116 Biedermann, B
European journal of cancer supplements,
11/2015, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The work describes advantages of our latest instrument developments in flow cytometry and microscopy. Characteristics of newly launched flow cytometer, which uses acoustic focusing to align the cells ...in the focus of the laser for analysis, allows to analyze samples at a much higher throughput rate without losing precision and sensitivity. This opens up new possibilities regarding sample preparation and analysis. These advantages we want to demonstrate on 2 examples, whole blood analysis and rare event analysis. Analysis of biological samples in the most physiologic state with minimal sample preparation and manipulation is a key objective to any workflow. However as whole blood samples generally require significant manipulation, such as wash/centrifugation steps and/or red blood cell lysis, we have developed multiple no-lyse, no-wash assays to minimize these manipulation steps to obtain more physiological results. Here we show how we utilize the rapid sample collection capabilities of the our instrument to characterize phagocyte function in human whole blood with a phagocytosis/phagosome acidification assay and also a dihydrorhodamine 123 superoxide production assay, in a no-lyse, no wash format. Another area where our technology can shift boundaries is the field of rare event analysis. Due to the low frequency of the target cell population a large number of total events (in the range of several millions) need to be acquired. Simply due to the enormous amount of data that needs to be acquired, time becomes a very limiting factor for rare event analysis. As Acoustic Focusing allows analyzing samples at an approximately 10× higher throughput rate without scarifying data quality and maintaining a low coincidence rate, it pushes the limits what can be done in this field. As an example we will show the characterization of human iNKT cells. In addition to flow cytometry we want to show how modern microscopes help to perform a variety of routine and specialty applications.
Experimental models of neuroendocrine tumor disease are scarce, with only a few existing neuroendocrine tumor cell lines of pancreatic origin (panNET). Their molecular characterization has so far ...focused on the neuroendocrine phenotype and cancer-related mutations, while a transcription-based assessment of their developmental origin and malignant potential is lacking. In this study, we performed immunoblotting and qPCR analysis of neuroendocrine, epithelial, developmental endocrine-related genes as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of microRNAs (miRs) on three panNET cell lines, BON-1, QGP-1, and NT-3. All three lines displayed a neuroendocrine and epithelial phenotype; however, while insulinoma-derived NT-3 cells preferentially expressed markers of mature functional pancreatic β-cells (i.e.,
,
), both BON-1 and QGP-1 displayed high expression of genes associated with immature or non-functional β/δ-cells genes (i.e.,
), or pancreatic endocrine progenitors (i.e.,
). NGS-based identification of miRs in BON-1 and QGP-1 cells revealed the presence of all six members of the miR-17-92 cluster, which have been implicated in b-cell function and differentiation, but also have roles in cancer being both oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Notably, both BON-1 and QGP-1 cells expressed several miRs known to be negatively associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion or metastasis. Moreover, both cell lines failed to exhibit migratory activity in vitro. Taken together, NT-3 cells resemble mature functional β-cells, while both BON-1 and QGP-1 are more similar to immature/non-functional pancreatic β/δ-cells or pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Based on the recent identification of three transcriptional subtypes in panNETs, NT-3 cells resemble the "islet/insulinoma tumors" (IT) subtype, while BON-1 and QGP-1 cells were tentatively classified as "metastasis-like/primary" (MLP). Our results provide a comprehensive characterization of three panNET cell lines and demonstrate their relevance as neuroendocrine tumor models.
The thermal boundary conductance across solid-solid interfaces can be affected by the physical properties of the solid boundary. Atomic composition, disorder, and bonding between materials can result ...in large deviations in the phonon scattering mechanisms contributing to thermal boundary conductance. Theoretical and computational studies have suggested that the mixing of atoms around an interface can lead to an increase in thermal boundary conductance by creating a region with an average vibrational spectra of the two materials forming the interface. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that ion irradiation and subsequent modification of atoms at solid surfaces can increase the thermal boundary conductance across solid interfaces due to a change in the acoustic impedance of the surface. We measure the thermal boundary conductance between thin aluminum films and silicon substrates with native silicon dioxide layers that have been subjected to proton irradiation and post-irradiation surface cleaning procedures. The thermal boundary conductance across the Al/native oxide/Si interfacial region increases with an increase in proton dose. Supported with statistical simulations, we hypothesize that ion beam mixing of the native oxide and silicon substrate within ~ 2.2 nm of the silicon surface results in the observed increase in thermal boundary conductance. This ion mixing leads to the spatial gradation of the silicon native oxide into the silicon substrate, which alters the acoustic impedance and vibrational characteristics at the interface of the aluminum film and native oxide/silicon substrate. We confirm this assertion with picosecond acoustic analyses. Our results demonstrate that under specific conditions, a "more disordered and defected" interfacial region can have a lower resistance than a more "perfect" interface.
The nonlinear Fano effect Govorov, A. O; Kroner, M; Remi, S ...
Nature (London),
01/2008, Letnik:
451, Številka:
7176
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Fano effect is ubiquitous in the spectroscopy of, for instance, atoms, bulk solids and semiconductor heterostructures. It arises when quantum interference takes place between two competing ...optical pathways, one connecting the energy ground state and an excited discrete state, the other connecting the ground state with a continuum of energy states. The nature of the interference changes rapidly as a function of energy, giving rise to characteristically asymmetric lineshapes. The Fano effect is particularly important in the interpretation of electronic transport and optical spectra in semiconductors. Whereas Fano's original theory applies to the linear regime at low power, at higher power a laser field strongly admixes the states and the physics becomes rich, leading, for example, to a remarkable interplay of coherent nonlinear transitions. Despite the general importance of Fano physics, this nonlinear regime has received very little attention experimentally, presumably because the classic autoionization processes, the original test-bed of Fano's ideas, occur in an inconvenient spectral region, the deep ultraviolet. Here we report experiments that access the nonlinear Fano regime by using semiconductor quantum dots, which allow both the continuum states to be engineered and the energies to be rescaled to the near infrared. We measure the absorption cross-section of a single quantum dot and discover clear Fano resonances that we can tune with the device design or even in situ with a voltage bias. In parallel, we develop a nonlinear theory applicable to solid-state systems with fast relaxation of carriers. In the nonlinear regime, the visibility of the Fano quantum interferences increases dramatically, affording a sensitive probe of continuum coupling. This could be a unique method to detect weak couplings of a two-level quantum system (qubits), which should ideally be decoupled from all other states.
We present an update of the Binoth Les Houches Accord (BLHA) to standardise the interface between Monte Carlo programs and codes providing one-loop matrix elements.
Recent studies link meditation expertise with enhanced low-level attention, measured through auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). In this study, we tested the reliability and validity of a ...recent finding that the N1 ERP in first-time meditators is smaller during meditation than non-meditation – an effect not present in long-term meditators. In the first experiment, we replicated the finding in first-time meditators. In two subsequent experiments, we discovered that this finding was not due to stimulus-related instructions, but was explained by an effect of the order of conditions. Extended exposure to the same tones has been linked with N1 decrement in other studies, and may explain N1 decrement across our two conditions. We give examples of existing meditation and ERP studies that may include similar condition order effects. The role of condition order among first-time meditators in this study indicates the importance of counterbalancing meditation and non-mediation conditions in meditation studies that use event-related potentials.
•N1 event-related potential reliably reduced during first-time meditation.•Previous studies used inconsistent task instructions and fixed condition order.•Effect was not removed when stimulus-related instructions were uniform across conditions.•Reversing order countered the effect: N1 reduced during control condition.•Suggests that fixed condition order may be problematic for meditation-ERP studies
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