More than 300 researchers gathered at the 2013 International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting to discuss current practice and future goals for BCI research and development. The authors ...organized the Virtual Users' Forum at the meeting to provide the BCI community with feedback from users. We report on the Virtual Users' Forum, including initial results from ongoing research being conducted by 2 BCI groups. Online surveys and in-person interviews were used to solicit feedback from people with disabilities who are expert and novice BCI users. For the Virtual Users' Forum, their responses were organized into 4 major themes: current (non-BCI) communication methods, experiences with BCI research, challenges of current BCIs, and future BCI developments. Two authors with severe disabilities gave presentations during the Virtual Users' Forum, and their comments are integrated with the other results. While participants' hopes for BCIs of the future remain high, their comments about available systems mirror those made by consumers about conventional assistive technology. They reflect concerns about reliability (eg, typing accuracy/speed), utility (eg, applications and the desire for real-time interactions), ease of use (eg, portability and system setup), and support (eg, technical support and caregiver training). People with disabilities, as target users of BCI systems, can provide valuable feedback and input on the development of BCI as an assistive technology. To this end, participatory action research should be considered as a valuable methodology for future BCI research.
Transcription of interleukin (IL)-12 p40 in myeloid cells is attributed to the recruitment of multiple activated transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), CCAAT enhancer-binding ...protein beta, ets-2, PU.1, and so forth. We now provide the first description of the human erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) in human primary macrophages and identify the role of EKLF in IL-12 p40 expression. EKLF-specific binding to the CACCC element (-224 to -220) on the human IL-12 p40 promoter was observed in resting human primary macrophages. Functional analysis of the CACCC element revealed a dependent role for EKLF binding in activating IL-12 p40 transcription in resting RAW264.7 cells, whereas EKLF overexpression in the presence or absence of this element repressed IL-12 p40 transcription in interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Murine endogenous IL-12 p40 mRNA was consistently induced by overexpressed EKLF in resting RAW264.7 cells, whereas EKLF suppressed IL-12 p40 expression in activated RAW264.7 cells. Modulation of nuclear binding activities at the IL-12 p40 NFkappaB half-site was induced by EKLF for down-regulation of IL-12 p40 transcription in activated RAW264.7 cells, but no effect of EKLF on NFkappaB activity was observed in resting RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, we identify EKLF as a transcription factor in macrophages able to regulate IL-12 p40 transcription depending on the cellular activation status. The bifunctional control of IL-12 p40 by EKLF and its modulation of NFkappaB support a potential function for this factor in orchestrating IL-12 p40 production in macrophages.
A
bstract
Coherent production of
J/ψ
mesons is studied in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5 TeV, using a data sample collected by the LHCb ...experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 10 μb
−1
. The
J/ψ
mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon final state and are required to have transverse momentum below 1 GeV. The cross-section within the rapidity range of 2
.
0
< y <
4
.
5 is measured to be 4
.
45 ± 0
.
24 ± 0
.
18 ± 0
.
58 mb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the luminosity determination. The cross-section is also measured in
J/ψ
rapidity intervals. The results are compared to predictions from phenomenological models.
Search for the doubly charmed baryon Ξcc Alexander, M.; Alves, A. A.; Baryshnikov, F. ...
Science China. Physics, mechanics & astronomy,
02/2020, Letnik:
63, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A search for the doubly charmed baryon
Ξ
c
c
+
is performed through its decay to the
Λ
c
+
K
−
π
+
final state, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass ...energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb
−1
. No significant signal is observed in the mass range from 3.4 to 3.8 GeV/
c
2
. Upper limits are set at 95% credibility level on the ratio of the
Ξ
c
c
+
production cross-section times the branching fraction to that of
Λ
c
+
and
Ξ
c
c
+
+
baryons. The limits are determined as functions of the
Ξ
c
c
+
mass for different lifetime hypotheses, in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/
c
.
Search for the doubly charmed baryon Ωcc Alexander, M.; An, L.; Basels, J. M. ...
Science China. Physics, mechanics & astronomy,
10/2021, Letnik:
64, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A search for the doubly charmed baryon
Ω
cc
+
with the decay mode
Ω
cc
+
→
Ξ
c
+
K
−
π
+
is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb ...experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb
−1
. No significant signal is observed within the invariant mass range of 3.6 to 4.0GeV/
c
2
. Upper limits are set on the ratio
R
of the production cross-section times the total branching fraction of the
Ω
cc
+
→
Ξ
c
+
K
−
π
+
decay with respect to the
Ξ
c
c
+
+
→
Λ
c
+
K
−
π
+
π
+
decay. Upper limits at 95% credibility level for
R
in the range 0.005 to 0.11 are obtained for different hypotheses on the
Ω
cc
+
mass and lifetime in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/
c
.
Abstract The cross-sections of $$\psi {(2S)}$$ ψ(2S) meson production in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} =13\text { TeV} $$ s=13TeV are measured with a data sample collected by the LHCb ...detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $$275\text { pb} ^{-1} $$ 275pb-1 . The production cross-sections for prompt $$\psi {(2S)}$$ ψ(2S) mesons and those for $$\psi {(2S)}$$ ψ(2S) mesons from b-hadron decays ($${\psi {(2S)}} \text{-from- }{b} $$ ψ(2S)-from-b ) are determined as functions of the transverse momentum, $$p_{\mathrm {T}}$$ pT , and the rapidity, y, of the $$\psi {(2S)}$$ ψ(2S) meson in the kinematic range $$2<p_{\mathrm {T}} <20\text { GeV/}c $$ 2<pT<20GeV/c and $$2.0<y<4.5$$ 2.0<y<4.5 . The production cross-sections integrated over this kinematic region are $$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned}&\sigma (\text{ prompt } {\psi {(2S)}},13\text { TeV})\\&\quad =1.430\pm 0.005\text { (stat)} \pm 0.099\text { (syst)} \,\upmu \text {b} ,\\&\sigma ({\psi {(2S)}} \text{-from- }{b},13\text { TeV})\\&\quad =0.426\pm 0.002\text { (stat)} \pm 0.030\text { (syst)} \,\upmu \text {b} . \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$ σ(promptψ(2S),13TeV)=1.430±0.005(stat)±0.099(syst)μb,σ(ψ(2S)-from-b,13TeV)=0.426±0.002(stat)±0.030(syst)μb. A new measurement of $$\psi {(2S)}$$ ψ(2S) production cross-sections in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7\text { TeV} $$ s=7TeV is also performed using data collected in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $$614\text { pb} ^{-1} $$ 614pb-1 . The integrated production cross-sections in the kinematic range $$3.5<p_{\mathrm {T}} <14\text { GeV/}c $$ 3.5<pT<14GeV/c and $$2.0<y<4.5$$ 2.0<y<4.5 are $$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned}&\sigma (\text{ prompt } {\psi {(2S)}},7\text { TeV})\\&\quad =0.471\pm 0.001\text { (stat)} \pm 0.025\text { (syst)} \,\upmu \text {b} ,\\&\sigma ({\psi {(2S)}} \text{-from- }{b},7\text { TeV})\\&\quad =0.126\pm 0.001\text { (stat)} \pm 0.008\text { (syst)} \,\upmu \text {b} . \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$ σ(promptψ(2S),7TeV)=0.471±0.001(stat)±0.025(syst)μb,σ(ψ(2S)-from-b,7TeV)=0.126±0.001(stat)±0.008(syst)μb. All results show reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations.
The onset of erythropoiesis is under strict developmental control, with direct and indirect inputs influencing its derivation from the hematopoietic stem cell. A major regulator of this transition is ...KLF1/EKLF, a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a global role in all aspects of erythropoiesis. Here, we have identified a short, conserved enhancer element in KLF1 intron 1 that is important for establishing optimal levels of KLF1 in mouse and human cells. Chromatin accessibility of this site exhibits cell-type specificity and is under developmental control during the differentiation of human CD34+ cells towards the erythroid lineage. This site binds GATA1, SMAD1, TAL1, and ETV6. In vivo editing of this region in cell lines and primary cells reduces KLF1 expression quantitatively. However, we find that, similar to observations seen in pedigrees of families with KLF1 mutations, downstream effects are variable, suggesting that the global architecture of the site is buffered towards keeping the KLF1 genetic region in an active state. We propose that modification of intron 1 in both alleles is not equivalent to complete loss of function of one allele.
The repeated evolution of phenotypes provides clear evidence for the role of natural selection in driving evolutionary change. However, the evolutionary origin of repeated phenotypes can be difficult ...to disentangle as it can arise from a combination of factors such as gene flow, shared ancestral polymorphisms or mutation. Here, we investigate the presence of these evolutionary processes in the Hawaiian spiny‐leg Tetragnatha adaptive radiation, which includes four microhabitat‐specialists or ecomorphs, with different body pigmentation and size (Green, Large Brown, Maroon, and Small Brown). We investigated the evolutionary history of this radiation using 76 newly generated low‐coverage, whole‐genome resequenced samples, along with phylogenetic and population genomic tools. Considering the Green ecomorph as the ancestral state, our results suggest that the Green ecomorph likely re‐evolved once, the Large Brown and Maroon ecomorphs evolved twice and the Small Brown evolved three times. We found that the evolution of the Maroon and Small Brown ecomorphs likely involved ancestral hybridization events, while the Green and Large Brown ecomorphs likely evolved through novel mutations, despite a high rate of incomplete lineage sorting in the dataset. Our findings demonstrate that the repeated evolution of ecomorphs in the Hawaiian spiny‐leg Tetragnatha is influenced by multiple evolutionary processes.
Protected areas are one of the main strategic means for conserving biodiversity. Yet, the design of protected areas usually neglects phylogenetic diversity, an important diversity measure. In this ...paper we assess the phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants in Fennoscandian protected areas. We evaluate how much species richness and phylogenetic diversity is found within and outside protected areas, and the differences in plant diversity between different categories of protected areas. We also assess the differences in the diversity-area relationship of the different protected area categories in terms of both species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We build a multi-locus phylogeny of 1,519 native vascular plants of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We estimate the phylogenetic diversity and species richness by combining the phylogeny with publicly available occurrence data and the currently protected area system of Fennoscandia. Our results indicate that protected areas in Fennoscandia hold more plant diversity when larger, and that phylogenetic diversity increases faster with area than species richness. We found evidence for more plant diversity outside of protected areas of the different countries of Fennoscandia than inside of protected areas, but no evidence for plant diversity differences between areas with different protection status. Hence, our results indicate that the current protected area system in Fennoscandia is no more effective in conserving phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants than a random selection of localities. Our results also indicate that planning conservation strategies around phylogenetic diversity, rather than species richness, might be a first step to protect vascular plant diversity more effectively.
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