The transport properties of quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are quantified by an improved global Bayesian analysis using the CERN Large Hadron Collider Pb–Pb data at ...sNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV. The results show that the uncertainty of the extracted transport coefficients is significantly reduced by including new sophisticated collective flow observables from two collision energies for the first time. This work reveals the stronger temperature dependence of specific shear viscosity, a lower value of specific bulk viscosity, and a higher hadronization switching temperature than in the previous studies. The sensitivity analysis confirms that the precision measurements of higher-order harmonic flow and their correlations are crucial in extracting accurate values of the transport properties.
Multiparticle azimuthal correlations are nowadays utilized regularly by all major collaborations worldwide which are analyzing heavy-ion data. Most notably, correlation techniques are used to explore ...the collective properties of the new state of matter, the Quark-Gluon Plasma, by performing measurements of anisotropic flow phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions. In these proceedings we highlight the theory of multiparticle azimuthal correlations and summarize briefly the most important recent physical results obtained with them. Some unresolved problems and next future steps in their development are discussed as well.
The transport properties of quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are quantified by an improved global Bayesian analysis using the CERN Large Hadron Collider Pb--Pb data at ...\(\sqrt{s_{\textbf{NN}}}=2.76\;\) and \(5.02\;\)TeV. The results show that the uncertainty of the extracted transport coefficients is significantly reduced by including new sophisticated collective flow observables from two collision energies for the first time. This work reveals the stronger temperature dependence of specific shear viscosity, a lower value of specific bulk viscosity, and a higher hadronization switching temperature than in the previous studies. The sensitivity analysis confirms that the precision measurements of higher-order harmonic flow and their correlations are crucial in extracting accurate values of the transport properties.
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study is aimed at assessing the physics potential and the technical feasibility of a new collider with centre-of-mass energies, in the hadron-hadron collision mode, ...seven times larger than the nominal LHC energies. Operating such machine with heavy ions is an option that is being considered in the accelerator design studies. It would provide, for example, Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 39 and 63 TeV, respectively, per nucleon-nucleon collision, with integrated luminosities above 30 nb^-1 per month for Pb-Pb. This is a report by the working group on heavy-ion physics of the FCC Study. First ideas on the physics opportunities with heavy ions at the FCC are presented, covering the physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, of gluon saturation, of photon-induced collisions, as well as connections with other fields of high-energy physics.
We further develop the recently proposed event-by-event cumulants of azimuthal angles. The role of reflection symmetry, permutation symmetry, frame independence, and relabeling of particle indices in ...the cumulant expansion is discussed in detail. We argue that mathematical and statistical properties of cumulants are preserved if cumulants of azimuthal angles are defined event-by-event in terms of single-event averages of azimuthal angles, while they are violated in the traditional approach in which cumulants are defined in terms of all-event averages. We derive for the first time the example analytic solutions for the contribution of combinatorial background in the measured two- and three-particle correlations. We demonstrate that these solutions for the combinatorial background are universal, as they can be written generically in terms of multiplicity-dependent combinatorial weights and marginal probability density functions of starting multivariate distribution. The new general results between multiparticle azimuthal correlators and flow amplitudes and symmetry planes are presented.
Measuring Narrative Engagement Busselle, Rick; Bilandzic, Helena
Media psychology,
11/23/2009, Letnik:
12, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Research indicates that the extent to which one becomes engaged, transported, or immersed in a narrative influences the narrative's potential to affect subsequent story-related attitudes and beliefs. ...Explaining narrative effects and understanding the mechanisms responsible depends on our ability to measure narrative engagement in a theoretically meaningful way. This article develops a scale for measuring narrative engagement that is based on a mental models approach to narrative processing. It distinguishes among four dimensions of experiential engagement in narratives: narrative understanding, attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence. The scale is developed and validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with data from viewers of feature film and television, in different viewing situations, and from two different countries. The scale's ability to predict enjoyment and story-consistent attitudes across different programs is presented. Implications for conceptualizing engagement with narratives as well as narrative persuasion and media effects are discussed.
This article offers a theoretical framework to explain circumstances under which perceptions of “unrealness” affect engagement in narratives and subsequent perceived realism judgments. A mental ...models approach to narrative processing forms the foundation of a model that integrates narrative comprehension and phenomenological experiences such as transportation and identification. Three types of unrealness are discussed: fictionality, external realism (match with external reality), and narrative realism (coherence within a story). We gather evidence that fictionality does not affect narrative processing. On the other hand, violations of external and narrative realism are conceived as inconsistencies among the viewer’s mental structures as they construct mental models of meaning to represent and comprehend the narrative. These inconsistencies may result in negative online evaluations of a narrative’s realism, may disrupt engagement, and may negatively influence postexposure (reflective) realism judgments as well as lessen a narrative’s persuasive power.
Résumé
« Fictionnalité» et réalisme perçu des histoires : Un modèle de compréhension et d'implication narratives
Cet article propose un cadre théorique visant à expliquer les circonstances dans lesquelles les perceptions d’« irréalité» affectent l’implication dans les narratifs et les jugements subséquents de perception de réalisme. Une approche par modèles mentaux du traitement des narratifs forme la base d’un modèle qui intègre la compréhension narrative et les expériences phénoménologiques telles que le transport et l’identification. Trois types d’irréalité sont commentés : la « fictionnalité», le réalisme externe (concordance avec une réalité externe) et le réalisme narratif (cohérence d’une histoire). Nous réunissons ici des preuves à l’effet que la fictionnalité n’affecte pas le traitement narratif. D’autre part, les violations des réalismes externe et narratif sont perçues comme des incohérences dans les structures mentales des spectateurs, puisque ceux‐ci construisent des modèles mentaux de significations afin de représenter et comprendre le narratif. Ces incohérences peuvent avoir pour résultats des évaluations négatives du réalisme d’un narratif sur le coup. Elles peuvent également interrompre l’implication, influencer négativement les jugements de réalisme à postériori (jugements réflexifs) et amoindrir la puissance persuasive d’un narratif.
Fiktionalität und wahrgenommener Realismus beim Erleben von Geschichten: Ein Modell zum narrativen Verstehen und Erleben
Dieser Artikel bietet einen theoretischen Rahmen, um Bedingungen zu erklären unter denen die Wahrnehmung von Unwirklichkeit die Art und Weise des Erlebens von Geschichten und daraus resultierend Realismusurteile beeinflusst. Unter Rückgriff auf einen Mentale‐Modelle‐Ansatz zur Verarbeitung von Narrationen werden narratives Verstehen und phänomenologische Erlebensweisen wie Transportation und Identifikation im Modell integriert. Drei Typen von Unwirklichkeit werden diskutiert: Fiktionalität, externaler Realismus (Passung mit der externalen Realität) und narrativer Realismus (Stimmigkeit mit der Geschichte). Unsere Daten zeigen, dass Fiktionalität die narrative Verarbeitung nicht beeinflusst. Allerdings wird deutlich, dass Verletzungen des externalen und narrativen Realismus als Inkonsistenzen in den mentalen Strukturen der Zuschauer wahrgenommen werden, da Zuschauer mentale Bedeutungsmodelle konstruieren, um die Geschichte abzubilden und zu verstehen. Diese Inkonsistenzen könnten in negativen Ad‐Hoc‐Bewertungen von narrativem Realismus resultieren, könnten Erleben stören oder postrezeptive (reflektierende) Realismusurteile negativ beeinflussen ‐ und letztendlich die persuasive Kraft der Narration verringern.
Resumen
La Ficción y el Realismo Percibido en la Experiencia de las Historias: Un Modelo de la Comprensión y el Compromiso Narrativo
Este artículo ofrece un marco teórico para explicar las circumstancias bajo las cuales las percepciones de “irrealismo” afectan el compromiso de las narrativas y los juicios de las percepciones de realismo subsequente. Un modelo mental de aproximación de los procesamientos narrativos forma un modelo fundacional que integra la comprensión narrativa y las experiencias fenomenológicas como por ejemplo la transportación y la identificación. Tres tipos de irrelismo son discutidos: ficción, realismo externo (correspondencia con la realidad externa), y realismo narrativo (coherencia dentro de una historia). Juntamos evidencia que la ficcionalidad no afecta el procesamiento narrativo. Por otro lado, las violaciones al realismo externo y narrativo son concebidas como inconsistencias entre las estructuras mentales de la audiencia dado que ellos construyen modelos mentales de significación para representar y comprender la narrativa. Estas inconsistencias pueden resultar en evaluaciones online negativas de una narrativa de realismo, pueden trastornar el compromiso, e influir negativamente sobre los juicios de realismo después de la exposición (reflectiva) así como también disminuir el poder persuasivo de la narrativa.
ZhaiYao
Yo yak
Libraries as coworking spaces Bilandzic, Mark; Foth, Marcus
Library hi tech,
01/2013, Letnik:
31, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Purpose - This paper aims to inform design strategies for smart space technology to enhance libraries as environments for coworking and informal social learning. The focus is on understanding user ...motivations, behaviour, and activities in the library when there is no programmed agenda. Design/methodology/approach - The study analyses gathered data over five months of ethnographic research at The Edge - a "bookless" library space at the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, that is explicitly dedicated to coworking, social learning, peer collaboration, and creativity around digital culture and technology. Findings - The results present five personas that embody people's main usage patterns as well as motivations, attitudes, and perceived barriers to social learning. It appears that most users work individually or within pre-organised groups, but usually do not make new connections with co-present, unacquainted users. Based on the personas, four hybrid design dimensions are suggested to improve the library as a social interface for shared learning encounters across physical and digital spaces. Originality/value - The findings in this paper offer actionable knowledge for managers, decision makers, and designers of technology-enhanced library spaces and similar collaboration and coworking spaces.
Learning is most effective when intrinsically motivated through personal interest, and situated in a supportive socio-cultural context. This paper reports on findings from a study that explored ...implications for design of interactive learning environments through 18 months of ethnographic observations of people's interactions at "Hack The Evening" (HTE). HTE is a meetup group initiated at the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and dedicated to provide visitors with opportunities for connected learning in relation to hacking, making and do-it-yourself technology. The results provide insights into factors that contributed to HTE as a social, interactive and participatory environment for learning - knowledge is created and co-created through uncoordinated interactions among participants that come from a diversity of backgrounds, skills and areas of expertise. The insights also reveal challenges and barriers that the HTE group faced in regards to connected learning. Four dimensions of design opportunities are presented to overcome those challenges and barriers towards improving connected learning in library buildings and other free-choice-learning environments that seek to embody a more interactive and participatory culture among their users. The insights are relevant for librarians as well as designers, managers and decision-makers of other interactive and free-choice-learning environments.
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer amongst women and has the highest mortality rate of all gynaecological malignancies. It is a heterogeneous disease attributed to one of ...three cell types found within the reproductive milieu: epithelial, stromal, and germ cell. Each histotype differs in etiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, risk factors, and prognosis. Furthermore, the origin of ovarian cancer remains unclear, with ovarian involvement secondary to the contribution of other gynaecological tissues. Despite these complexities, the disease is often treated as a single entity, resulting in minimal improvement to survival rates since the introduction of platinum-based chemotherapy over 30 years ago. Despite concerted research efforts, ovarian cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect and treat, which is in part due to the unique mode of its dissemination. Ovarian cancers tend to invade locally to neighbouring tissues by direct extension from the primary tumour, and passively to pelvic and distal organs within the peritoneal fluid or ascites as multicellular spheroids. Once at their target tissue, ovarian cancers, like most epithelial cancers including colorectal, melanoma, and breast, tend to invade as a cohesive unit in a process termed collective invasion, driven by specialized cells termed "leader cells". Emerging evidence implicates leader cells as essential drivers of collective invasion and metastasis, identifying collective invasion and leader cells as a viable target for the management of metastatic disease. However, the development of targeted therapies specifically against this process and this subset of cells is lacking. Here, we review our understanding of metastasis, collective invasion, and the role of leader cells in ovarian cancer. We will discuss emerging research into the development of novel therapies targeting collective invasion and the leader cell population.
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