Abstract Polymorphisms within genes encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may affect responses against damage induced by oxidative stress and therefore play a role to prevent chronic allograft ...dysfunction (CAD). In the present study, we estimated the frequencies of GSTM1 - and GSTT1 -null genotypes among 227 renal transplant recipients seeking to establish an association with CAD. Patients persistently displaying serum creatinine (sCr) values ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, measured creatinine clearances (CLcr) ≥ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and 24-hour proteinuria ≤ 500 mg were classified as normal graft function (NF; n = 107). In contrast, the CAD group ( n = 120) presented sCr > 1.5 mg/dL, CLcr < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and proteinuria > 500 mg. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were evaluated by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The frequencies of GSTT1 -null genotypes in NF and CAD cohorts were 15% and 24.2%, respectively ( P = .057), while GSTM1 -null genotypes in the same groups of patients were 44% and 46.7% ( P = .389). A combination of null genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 was observed in 9.2% of patients with CAD and in 5.6% of those with NF ( P = .449). This study did not show an association of either GSTT1 - and GSTM1 -null genotypes with CAD. It is likely that development and progression of CAD are determined by a combination of complex genetic traits resulting from the interplay of several genes rather than a single gene.
The strong nuclear interaction between nucleons (protons and neutrons) is the effective force that holds the atomic nucleus together. This force stems from fundamental interactions between quarks and ...gluons (the constituents of nucleons) that are described by the equations of quantum chromodynamics. However, as these equations cannot be solved directly, nuclear interactions are described using simplified models, which are well constrained at typical inter-nucleon distances
but not at shorter distances. This limits our ability to describe high-density nuclear matter such as that in the cores of neutron stars
. Here we use high-energy electron scattering measurements that isolate nucleon pairs in short-distance, high-momentum configurations
, accessing a kinematical regime that has not been previously explored by experiments, corresponding to relative momenta between the pair above 400 megaelectronvolts per c (c, speed of light in vacuum). As the relative momentum between two nucleons increases and their separation thereby decreases, we observe a transition from a spin-dependent tensor force to a predominantly spin-independent scalar force. These results demonstrate the usefulness of using such measurements to study the nuclear interaction at short distances and also support the use of point-like nucleon models with two- and three-body effective interactions to describe nuclear systems up to densities several times higher than the central density of the nucleus.
The functional effect of the A>G transition at position 2756 on the MTR gene (5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase), involved in folate metabolism, may be a risk factor for head ...and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The frequency of MTR A2756G (rs1805087) polymorphism was compared between HNSCC patients and individuals without history of neoplasias. The association of this polymorphism with clinical histopathological parameters was evaluated. A total of 705 individuals were included in the study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the polymorphism. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test (univariate analysis) was used for comparisons between groups and multiple logistic regression (multivariate analysis) was used for interactions between the polymorphism and risk factors and clinical histopathological parameters. Using univariate analysis, the results did not show significant differences in allelic or genotypic distributions. Multivariable analysis showed that tobacco and alcohol consumption (P < 0.05), AG genotype (P = 0.019) and G allele (P = 0.028) may be predictors of the disease and a higher frequency of the G polymorphic allele was detected in men with HNSCC compared to male controls (P = 0.008). The analysis of polymorphism regarding clinical histopathological parameters did not show any association with the primary site, aggressiveness, lymph node involvement or extension of the tumor. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that supports an association between the polymorphism and the risk of HNSCC.
We have measured beam-spin asymmetries to extract the sinϕ moment ALUsinϕ from the hard exclusive e→p→e′nπ+ reaction above the resonance region, for the first time with nearly full coverage from ...forward to backward angles in the center of mass. The ALUsinϕ moment has been measured up to 6.6 GeV2 in −t, covering the kinematic regimes of generalized parton distributions (GPD) and baryon-to-meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDA) at the same time. The experimental results in very forward kinematics demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd and chiral-even GPDs. In very backward kinematics where the TDA framework is applicable, we found ALUsinϕ to be negative, while a sign change was observed near 90° in the center of mass. The unique results presented in this Letter will provide critical constraints to establish reaction mechanisms that can help to further develop the GPD and TDA frameworks.
Here, we report results of Λ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron ...Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014 GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the Λ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction (z) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high z and an enhancement at low z. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high z. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons.
Not Available Ayub-Ferreira, S M; Souza, J D; Almeida, D R ...
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia,
08/2016, Letnik:
107, Številka:
2 Suppl 2
Journal Article
The quark structure of the f 2 ( 1270 ) meson has, for many years, been assumed to be a pure quark-antiquark (q$\bar{q}$) resonance with quantum numbers JPC = 2++ . Recently, it was proposed that the ...f 2 ( 1270 ) is a molecular state made from the attractive interaction of two ρ mesons. Such a state would be expected to decay strongly to final states with charged pions due to the dominant decay ρ → π+ π- , whereas decay to two neutral pions would likely be suppressed. Here, we measure for the first time the reaction γp → π0π0p, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at Jefferson Lab for incident beam energies between 3.6 and 5.4 GeV. Differential cross sections, dσ/dt , for f 2 ( 1270 ) photoproduction are extracted with good precision due to low backgrounds and are compared to theoretical calculations.
The quark structure of the $f_2(1270)$ meson has, for many years, been assumed to be a pure quark-antiquark ($q\bar{q}$) resonance with quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 2^{++}$. Recently, it was proposed ...that the $f_2(1270)$ is a molecular state made from the attractive interaction of two $\rho$-mesons. Such a state would be expected to decay strongly to final states with charged pions, due to the dominant decay $\rho \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, whereas decay to two neutral pions would likely be suppressed. Here, we measure for the first time the reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 p$, using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab for incident beam energies between 3.6-5.4~GeV. Differential cross sections, $d\sigma / dt$, for $f_2(1270)$ photoproduction are extracted with good precision, due to low backgrounds, and are compared with theoretical calculations.
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