The problem of the Daly Gap is considered for the example of bimodal basalt–trachyte series and their intrusive analogs (layered syenite–gabbro intrusions). It is shown that the gap is not controlled ...by the processes of crystallization differentiation or liquid immiscibility in intermediate chambers of igneous systems (intrusive chambers) and has a primary nature. We interpret its origin as from the existence of two independent types of melts from the materials of head parts of the same mantle plumes. These are mid-alkali Fe–Ti basalt, products of its adiabatic melting, and trachyte, which is the result of incongruent melting of the material of the upper cool rims of plumes under the influence of fluids percolating from the underlying zone of adiabatic melting.
New data on the contents of macro- and microelements in industrial wastes of the Fiagdon tailing dump obtained by quantitative methods (XRF and ICP MS) which were higher than the previous data used ...for calculation of the metal reserves stored in the dump are published for the first time. Elevated contents of precious metals, especially platinum, are found for the first time. This makes it expedient to develop a way of complete utilization of waste, with the extraction of economically valuable and environmentally hazardous elements from the economic point of view.
A high-calcium high-temperature condensate is detected in the Earth’s impact Lonar crater for the first time. Its finding confirms in practice the theoretical conclusions made earlier from the ...experimental results. The high-silica condensate found in the Lonar crater, which is similar to those ones in the Zhamanshin crater and in the lunar regolith, confirms the absence of a correlation between the compositions of the target and the impact condensates. The presence of high-temperature condensate glasses in ring structures may be one of the diagnostic criteria to differentiate between volcanogenic and impact formations.
For the first time, high-purity native cobalt was detected in two preparations from a lunar regolith sample delivered by the Luna 24 automatic station. Presumably, it was formed during the ...condensation of a substance from an impact gas-plasma cloud. Previously, native cobalt of similar purity was observed only in products of low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of hyperbasites.
For the first time, a high-temperature condensate in the form of two-component glass beads of about 200–400 nm size, consisting of an Al–Ca oxide core rimmed by a uniform oxide film of high-silica ...glass containing iron nano-inclusions, has been found in natural samples of the lunar regolith from Mare Crisium (Luna-24). Earlier, a high-temperature condensate was only theoretically predicted on the basis of laser evaporation experiments.
A 3-µm particle of HgS is found by electron microscopy techniques in studying the lunar regolith samples delivered by Apollo 17. It might have been preserved due to a thin cover of highly siliceous ...glass, having protective functions. This particle was likely formed from a gaseous phase by the condensation of Hg and S vapors.
Our study is mainly aimed at concretization of the ideas on the structure of the front parts of mantle plumes, their material, the level of penetration into the lithosphere, and the conditions of ...magma generation from an example of mantle xenoliths in basalt of the Quaternary Tell Danun Volcano, Harrat Ash Samah volcanic plateau adiabatic, South Syria. Xenoliths are the fragments of the upper cooled head of the mantle plume above the zone of adiabatic melting. Both materials were involved in melting. The earlier melts were alkaline FeTi basalts and basanite enriched in fluid components and often containing mantle xenoliths.
The results of long-term mineralogical studies of the lunar regolith, obtained using analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy, are presented. These studies revealed 105 mineral phases ...new for the Moon, 43 of which were discovered for the first time under natural conditions; an electronic link to the final table is given. An example of studying condensate glasses and native molybdenum is presented.
The close intergrowth of two native alloys of the compositions Ni
0.59
Cu
0.24
Al
0.15
Fe
0.01
Mn
0.01
and Pd
0.55
Pt
0.36
Rh
0.09
with a size of 10 μm has been discovered in the regolith from the ...Mare Crisium. A conclusion on its exhalative origin is made.
Two cases of mineral associations from the samples of regolith delivered by AS Luna 20 and AS Luna 24, which indicate possible hydrothermal alteration of primary lunar rocks, are considered. The ...probability of hydrothermal processes on the Moon means a drastic change in the firm views of the processes of the formation of lunar mineral.
