: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of controlled‐release (CR) melatonin in the treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance of children with ...neurodevelopmental disabilities including autistic spectrum disorders. A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial of CR melatonin (5 mg) followed by a 3‐month open‐label study was conducted during which the dose was gradually increased until the therapy showed optimal beneficial effects. Sleep characteristics were measured by caregiver who completed somnologs and wrist actigraphs. Clinician rating of severity of the sleep disorder and improvement from baseline, along with caregiver ratings of global functioning and family stress were also obtained. Fifty‐one children (age range 2–18 years) who did not respond to sleep hygiene intervention were enrolled. Fifty patients completed the crossover trial and 47 completed the open‐label phase. Recordings of total night‐time sleep and sleep latency showed significant improvement of approximately 30 min. Similarly, significant improvement was observed in clinician and parent ratings. There was additional improvement in the open‐label somnolog measures of sleep efficiency and the longest sleep episode in the open‐label phase. Overall, the therapy improved the sleep of 47 children and was effective in reducing family stress. Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, who had treatment resistant chronic delayed sleep phase syndrome and impaired sleep maintenance, showed improvement in melatonin therapy.
This initially high level of soil compaction in some direct sowing systems might suggest that the impact of subsequent traffic would be minimal, but data have not been consistent. Soil compaction is ...caused by the high traffic intensity and weight of tractor and combines in harvest operations, especially when these operations are carried out on wet soil or with high-pressure tyres. Traffic effects on the yield of soybean and on some physical soil properties were studied over a period of 3 years. After this period, the reduction of traffic intensity from 38 to 15
Mg
km
−1
ha
−1 produced an increase on the yields of 29.2% from the base year improving the incomes by US$134
ha
−1 besides the reduction of fuel consumption of 35.5%. With the results obtained in this work it can be assumed that traffic reduction at harvest has a good potential to increase yields and reduce soil compaction under direct sowing system on the Rolling Pampa Region, Argentina.
Various structures for n-in-p planar pixel sensors have been developed at KEK in order to cope with the huge particle fluence in the upcoming LHC upgrades. Performances of the sensors with different ...structures have been evaluated with testbeam. The n-in-p devices were connected by bump-bonding to the ATLAS Pixel front-end chip (FE-I4A) and characterized before and after the irradiation to 1×1016 1MeV neq/cm2. Results of measurements with 120GeV/c momentum pion beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in September 2012 are presented.
•Pixel sensors with two biasing and two isolation structures were evaluated.•Overall hit efficiency of 97.6% was confirmed at −1200V after 1×1016neq/cm2.•Inefficiency regions were observed in non-irradiated samples with P-spray isolation.•Inefficiency regions after high irradiation were observed under bias rail and PolySi.•The potential of the surface structure is thought to affect the charge collection.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sleep hygiene and melatonin treatment for initial insomnia in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Twenty-seven ...stimulant-treated children (6-14 years of age) with ADHD and initial insomnia (greater than 60 minutes) received sleep hygiene intervention. Nonresponders were randomized to a 30-day double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 5-mg pharmaceutical-grade melatonin provided by the study's sponsor. Results: Sleep hygiene reduced initial insomnia to less than 60 minutes in 5 cases, with an overall effect size in the group as a whole of 0.67. Analysis of the trial data able to be evaluated showed a significant reduction in initial insomnia of 16 minutes with melatonin relative to placebo, with an effect size of 0.6. Adverse events were generally mild and not different from those recorded with placebo treatment. The effect size of the combined sleep hygiene and melatonin intervention from baseline to 90 days' posttrial was 1.7, with a mean decrease in initial insomnia of 60 minutes. Improved sleep had no demonstrable effect on ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Combined sleep hygiene and melatonin was a safe and effective treatment for initial insomnia in children with ADHD taking stimulant medication. (Contains 2 figures.)
A new type of n-in-p planar pixel sensors have been developed at KEK/HPK in order to cope with the maximum particle fluence of 1–3×1016 1MeV equivalent neutrons per square centimeter (neq/cm2) in the ...upcoming LHC upgrades. Four n-in-p devices were connected by bump-bonding to the new ATLAS Pixel front-end chip (FE-I4A) and characterized before and after the irradiation to 2×1015neq/cm2. These planar sensors are 150μm thick, using biasing structures made out of polysilicon or punch-through dot and isolation structures of common or individual p-stop. Results of measurements with radioactive 90Sr source and with a 120GeV/c momentum pion beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) are presented. The common p-stop isolation structure shows a better performance than the individual p-stop design, after the irradiation. The flat distribution of the collected charge in the depth direction after the irradiation implies that the effect of charge trapping is small, at the fluence, with the bias voltage well above the full depletion voltage.
In September 2008 the Slim5 1 collaboration submitted a low material budget silicon demonstrator to test with 12GeV/c protons, at the PS-T9 test-beam at CERN. Inside the reference telescope, two ...different detectors were placed as device under test (DUT). The first was a 4k-Pixel Matrix of Deep N Well MAPS, developed in a 130nm CMOS Technology, providing digital sparsified readout. The other one was a high resistivity double sided silicon detector, with short strips at 45° angle to the detector's edge, read out by the FSSR2 chip. The FSSR2 is a 128 channel data-driven fast readout chip developed by Fermilab and INFN. In this paper we describe the main features of latter sensor, the striplet. The primary goal of the test was to measure the efficiency and the resolution of the striplets. The data-driven approach of the FSSR2 readout chips has been fully exploited by the DAQ system.
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