The super Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment (sPHENIX) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will perform high-precision measurements of jets and heavy flavor observables for a ...wide selection of nuclear collision systems, elucidating the microscopic nature of strongly interacting matter ranging from nucleons to the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. A prototype of the sPHENIX calorimeter system was tested at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility as experiment T-1044 in the spring of 2016. The electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) prototype is composed of scintillating fibers embedded in a mixture of tungsten powder and epoxy. The hadronic calorimeter (HCal) prototype is composed of tilted steel plates alternating with the plastic scintillator. Results of the test beam reveal the energy resolution for electrons in the EMCal is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.8\%\oplus 15.5\%/\sqrt {E} </tex-math></inline-formula> and the energy resolution for hadrons in the combined EMCal plus HCal system is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">13.5\%\oplus 64.9\%/\sqrt {E} </tex-math></inline-formula>. These results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed calorimeter system satisfies the sPHENIX specifications.
sPHENIX is a new experiment under construction for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory which will study the quark-gluon plasma to further the understanding of ...quantum chromodynamics (QCP) matter and interactions. A prototype of the sPHENIX electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal) was tested at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in Spring 2018 as experiment T-1044. The EMCal prototype corresponds to a solid angle of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Delta \eta \times \Delta \phi = 0.2 \times 0.2 </tex-math></inline-formula> centered at pseudo-rapidity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\eta = 1 </tex-math></inline-formula>. The prototype consists of scintillating fibers embedded in a mix of tungsten powder and epoxy. The fibers project back approximately to the center of the sPHENIX detector, giving 2-D projectivity. The energy response of the EMCal prototype was studied as a function of position and input energy. The energy resolution of the EMCal prototype was obtained after applying a position-dependent energy correction and a beam profile correction. Two separate position-dependent corrections were considered. The EMCal energy resolution was found to be <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma (E)/\langle E\rangle = 3.5(0.1) \oplus 13.3(0.2)/\sqrt {E} </tex-math></inline-formula> based on the hodoscope position-dependent correction, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma (E)/\langle E\rangle = 3.0(0.1) \oplus 15.4(0.3)/\sqrt {E} </tex-math></inline-formula> based on the cluster position-dependent correction. These energy resolution results meet the requirements of the sPHENIX physics program.
The PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) is a high-performance Cherenkov counter used to detect electrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. A High Voltage Control and Monitoring System ...(HVC) was developed to provide optimal control over the detector for maximal performance and protection against damage from possible discharges. The HVC comprises several novel hardware components including a voltage divider board and trip detection/protection boards for each power supply module, while actual control of the HV is maintained by a software suite which incorporates Modern Optimal Control Theory and Artificial Intelligence concepts. The software suite is made up of several concurrently operating subsystems, which periodically processes measurements fed back from the HV mainframe, the HBD gas pressure (P) and temperature (T) sensors, analyzes the GEM module behavior in reference to its performance over time, determines a custom response and modifies the HV when necessary. Since the HBD gain is very sensitive to P/T fluctuations, the HVC automatically modifies the GEM/Mesh voltage accordingly in order to keep the gain variations within a nominal operating range of +/- 10%. Both hardware and software components of the HVC will be described, along with the successful performance results throughout the commissioning p+p Run-9 and the HBD's final and most important Au+Au Run-10.
Small-animal PET has become a rapidly growing approach to problems in human health, from addiction to cancer to drug development. However, the best presently available PET technology (/spl sim/2 mm ...resolution) still has significant limitations in spatial resolution and sensitivity which are particularly problematic for applications attempting to take advantage of powerful transgenic mouse models. Most currently proposed approaches to improving resolution face a number of technical obstacles which force trade-offs in performance. A novel design which circumvents many of these compromises is a miniaturized and modernized "Anger" or "gamma" camera, with a principle similar to well-known detectors for SPECT, in which a continuous scintillator crystal is used and position is determined from light-sharing among groups of photodetectors. Critical improvements over the traditional Anger design include a more appropriate scintillator for PET (LSO), a thinner crystal for higher spatial resolution, and large-area avalanche photodiode (APD) technology as the photodetector which allows layering of the detector to improve sensitivity, among other benefits. The feasibility of the approach has been studied in terms of spatial and energy resolution, sensitivity, and cost, with promising results. A prototype is complete and preliminary measurements have been performed.
PHENIX inner detectors Allen, M.; Bennett, M.J.; Bobrek, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2003, Letnik:
499, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The timing, location and particle multiplicity of a PHENIX collision are determined by the Beam–Beam Counters (BBC), the Multiplicity/Vertex Detector (MVD) and the Zero-Degree Calorimeters (ZDC). The ...BBCs provide both the time of interaction and position of a collision from the flight time of prompt particles. The MVD provides a measure of event particle multiplicity, collision vertex position and fluctuations in charged particle distributions. The ZDCs provide information on the most grazing collisions. A Normalization Trigger Counter (NTC) is used to obtain absolute cross-section measurements for p–p collisions. The BBC, MVD and NTC are described below.
Shakespeare, The Movie Boose, Lynda E; Burt, Richard
1997, 20050628, 1997-10-09, 2005-06-28
eBook
Shakespeare, The Movie brings together an impressive line-up of contributors to consider how Shakespeare has been adapted on film, TV, and video, and explores the impact of this popularization on the ...canonical status of Shakespeare. Taking a fresh look at the Bard an his place in the movies, Shakespeare, The Movie includes a selection of what is presently available in filmic format to the Shakespeare student or scholar, ranging across BBC television productions, filmed theatre productions, and full screen adaptations by Kenneth Branagh and Franco Zeffirelli. Films discussed include: * Amy Heckerling's Clueless * Gus van Sant's My Own Private Idaho * Branagh's Henry V * Baz Luhrman's William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet * John McTiernan's Last Action Hero * Peter Greenaway's Prospero's Books * Zeffirelli's Hamlet .
Iron-binding proteins have antibacterial activity; they have been identified in lung secretions, but their role in pulmonary antibacterial defenses is unclear. Murine lactoferrin and murine ...transferrin were used to generate polyclonal antiserum to lactoferrin and to transferrin, and the specificity of both antisera was shown by western blot. Mice were exposed to either aerosolized Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus; they were killed 1, 4, 24, or 48 hr later; and their lungs were lavaged. Wemeasured the levels of transferrin, lactoferrin, and albumin and did a cell count for the lavage fluid. The predominant ironbinding protein in resting animals wastransferrin. Aerosolized E. coli caused a brisk PMNL response in the lungs that was associated with a major increase in the levels of lactoferrin. Challenge with S. aureus was associated with a moderate increase in the number of macrophages and a moderate decrease in the levels of transferrin and iron but no change in the levels of lactoferrin. The levels of iron-binding protein can vary according to the type of inflammatory response.
The sPHENIX Time Projection Chamber Outer Tracker (TPOT) is a Micromegas based detector. It is a part of the sPHENIX experiment that aims to facilitate the calibration of the Time Projection Chamber, ...in particular the correction of the time-averaged and beam-induced distortions of the electron drift. This paper describes the detector mission, setup, construction, installation, commissioning and performance during the first year of sPHENIX data taking.
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