Introduction In prenatal clinical consultations, what do adolescents talk about, in addition to physical and affective conditions and acquiring information about the general state of the evolution of ...pregnancy? The symbolic psychological elements that emerge during consultations are important for the handling of family guidelines with the clinical team. Objectives To interpret emotional meanings attributed by pregnant adolescents, with the possibility of accessing public health care service in a Brazilian metropolitan city, about talking and listening about Family relationships with the clinical team in prenatal consultations. Methods Clinical-qualitative design by Turato. Semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions in-depth conducted online during the pandemic. Sample closed by theoretical information saturation according to Fontanella. Interview material, fully transcribed, was treated by Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis of Faria-Schützer, with Balintian psychodynamic concepts from Medical Psychology to generate categories of discussion after free-floating readings. Findings were validated by peers from the Laboratory of Clinical-Qualitative Research, at the State University of Campinas. Results The sample was closed with 10 pregnant adolescents. Three categories emerged from the analysis: (1) emotional meanings of the non-use the access to health service as a listening space: affective obstacles and social shame; (2) the relationship of complicity with the maternal figure in “competition” with a possible broad psychological relationship with the clinical team; (3) recurrence of teenage pregnancy in the family as a possible obstacle. Conclusions The finding so far that the adolescent’s personal reference is reported as the mother figure is also accentuated because the affective relationship with the doctor figure is more fragile. The bond of adolescents is established with the health institution and not with the reference health team. There is a mismatch between the psychic maturation, still evolving, to the adult identity and the demands of social roles of the pregnant teenager already demanded as an adult. The teenager captures it, and the medical consultation becomes an act that occurs by inertial force. There is a perception of access to the health service and not access to the doctor as someone qualified for the adolescent to talk about relevant personal matters. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
ABSTRACT
Aims As part of a larger study to estimate the global burden of disease and injury attributable to alcohol: to evaluate the evidence for a causal impact of average volume of alcohol ...consumption and pattern of drinking on diseases and injuries; to quantify relationships identified as causal based on published meta‐analyses; to separate the impact on mortality versus morbidity where possible; and to assess the impact of the quality of alcohol on burden of disease.
Methods Systematic literature reviews were used to identify alcohol‐related diseases, birth complications and injuries using standard epidemiological criteria to determine causality. The extent of the risk relations was taken from meta‐analyses.
Results Evidence of a causal impact of average volume of alcohol consumption was found for the following major diseases: tuberculosis, mouth, nasopharynx, other pharynx and oropharynx cancer, oesophageal cancer, colon and rectum cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use disorders, unipolar depressive disorders, epilepsy, hypertensive heart disease, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, conduction disorders and other dysrhythmias, lower respiratory infections (pneumonia), cirrhosis of the liver, preterm birth complications and fetal alcohol syndrome. Dose–response relationships could be quantified for all disease categories except for depressive disorders, with the relative risk increasing with increased level of alcohol consumption for most diseases. Both average volume and drinking pattern were linked causally to IHD, fetal alcohol syndrome and unintentional and intentional injuries. For IHD, ischaemic stroke and diabetes mellitus beneficial effects were observed for patterns of light to moderate drinking without heavy drinking occasions (as defined by 60+ g pure alcohol per day). For several disease and injury categories, the effects were stronger on mortality compared to morbidity. There was insufficient evidence to establish whether quality of alcohol had a major impact on disease burden.
Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that alcohol impacts many disease outcomes causally, both chronic and acute, and injuries. In addition, a pattern of heavy episodic drinking increases risk for some disease and all injury outcomes. Future studies need to address a number of methodological issues, especially the differential role of average volume versus drinking pattern, in order to obtain more accurate risk estimates and to understand more clearly the nature of alcohol–disease relationships.
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido através de pesquisa quali-quantitativa com colaboradores de empresas privadas, que participaram de palestras educativas. A intenção das palestras foi conduzir os ...colaboradores à reflexão sobre os desafios que a captação de doadores enfrenta e ao fato de que existe uma importante lacuna no entendimento da doação como um compromisso social e responsabilidade de todos. Questionário anônimo foi aplicado avaliando percepções, comportamentos e ideias acerca da doação de sangue e sua dimensão de responsabilidade social.
Foram avaliados dados relativos a 12 grupos participantes de palestras, totalizando 60 indivíduos respondentes, no período de junho e julho de 2022. O desenvolvimento da palestra foi realizado de forma a trabalhar alguns princípios do comportamento humano como a reciprocidade, compromisso, autoridade e escassez, conduzindo as pessoas a um ambiente de reflexão, protagonismo e possibilidade de transformação da realidade. A avaliação dos questionários pós-palestra mostrou que 58 participantes (97%) sentiram-se motivados a doar ou a apoiar a doação de sangue de alguma forma após a palestra (por meio da doação, compartilhamento de informações, apoio em redes sociais, etc). O direcionamento da palestra resultou na formação de grupos organizados para comparecimento à doação em 6 empresas (50%) e onde não houve a formação dos grupos, os colaboradores sentiram-se motivados a comparecer para doar de forma individual. Foi possível registrar a participação de doadores provenientes de todas as empresas. Os fatores mais significativos apontados pelos participantes, quando questionados sobre os motivos de não terem sido doadores até então foram: falta de informação, incentivo e conscientização sobre a importância da doação (33%); medo e incertezas sobre o processo de doação (30%); inaptidão à doação (27%) e falta de tempo ou dificuldade para deslocamento (10%). A maioria ou nunca havia doado (68%) ou doou de forma esporádica, não fidelizada (24%), dados que revelam a importância dessas empresas como um grupo potencial de expansão de novos doadores fidelizados e que merecem esforços dirigidos.
As manifestações dos colaboradores foram muito expressivas ao mostrar o impacto das palestras na visão sobre a doação de sangue: desmistificando, informando e sensibilizando. Diante das inúmeras ações que podem ser realizadas para a captação e fidelização de doadores, as palestras apresentam-se como uma atividade atemporal que deve ser explorada de forma dinâmica, participativa e que se adapte à realidade do público alvo. Duas características importantes que ficaram evidentes nas respostas foram a autoridade atribuída ao profissional que realizou as palestras gerando confiança e motivação nos participantes, e a sensibilização trabalhada com os doadores através de materiais utilizados na apresentação, mostrando a realidade de pacientes que dependem de transfusões e do contexto geral da doação em nosso país.
As palestras educativas devem ser realizadas de forma constante e com objetivos direcionados: desenvolver o senso de responsabilidade, o poder de participação, a compreensão e aprendizagem do processo de doação, a motivação para ser um agente de transformação, a ideia geral do funcionamento de um Hemocentro e a importância de participar do processo de doação de forma responsável, consciente e altruísta.
Summary
Cariniana estrellensis and Cedrela fissilis are native forest species from Brazil that are widely used for arborization of parks and recuperation of degraded areas. The production of ...seedlings from these two forest trees in nurseries is severely affected by fungal diseases. Morphological identification, sequencing analysis of three gene regions (TEF+ACT+ITS or TEF+TUB2 + ITS) and pathogenicity tests confirmed that fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriales are the aetiological agent of the diseases. This is the first report of Phyllosticta capitalensis causing leaf spots on C. estrellensis and Botryosphaeria dothidea causing canker on C. fissilis in forest nurseries in Brazil.
To evaluate the cement line thickness and the interface quality in milled or injected lithium disilicate ceramic restorations and their influence on marginal adaptation using different cement types ...and different adhesive cementation techniques.
Sixty-four bovine teeth were prepared for full crown restoration (7.0±0.5 mm in height, 8.0 mm in cervical diameter, and 4.2 mm in incisal diameter) and were divided into two groups: CAD/CAM automation technology, IPS e.max CAD (CAD), and isostatic injection by heat technology, IPS e.max Press (PRESS). RelyX ARC (ARC) and RelyX U200 resin cements were used as luting agents in two activation methods: initial self-activation and light pre-activation for one second (tack-cure). Next, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 23°C ± 2°C for 72 hours. The cement line thickness was measured in micrometers, and the interface quality received scores according to the characteristics and sealing aspects. The evaluations were performed with an optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope images were presented to demonstrate the various features found in the cement line. For the cement line thickness, data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Games-Howell test (α=0.05). For the variable interface quality, the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple comparisons nonparametric Dunn test (α=0.05).
The ANOVA presented statistical differences among the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods as well as a significant interaction between the manufacturing methods and types of cement (p<0.05). The U200 presented lower cement line thickness values when compared to the ARC with both cementation techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the interface quality, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated statistical differences between the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods and cementation techniques. The PRESS ceramics obtained lower scores than did the CAD ceramics when using ARC cement (p<0.05).
Milled restorations cemented with self-adhesive resin cement resulted in a thinner cement line that is statistically different from that of CAD or pressed ceramics cemented with resin cement with adhesive application. No difference between one-second tack-cure and self-activation was noted.
Dry tropical forests are a key component in the global carbon cycle and their biomass estimates depend almost exclusively of fitted equations for multi-species or individual species data. Therefore, ...a systematic evaluation of statistical models through validation of estimates of aboveground biomass stocks is justifiable. In this study was analyzed the capacity of generic and specific equations obtained from different locations in Mexico and Brazil, to estimate aboveground biomass at multi-species levels and for four different species. Generic equations developed in Mexico and Brazil performed better in estimating tree biomass for multi-species data. For Poincianella bracteosa and Mimosa ophthalmocentra, only the Sampaio and Silva (2005) generic equation was the most recommended. These equations indicate lower tendency and lower bias, and biomass estimates for these equations are similar. For the species Mimosa tenuiflora, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and for the genus Croton the specific regional equations are more recommended, although the generic equation of Sampaio and Silva (2005) is not discarded for biomass estimates. Models considering gender, families, successional groups, climatic variables and wood specific gravity should be adjusted, tested and the resulting equations should be validated at both local and regional levels as well as on the scales of tropics with dry forest dominance.
During the development of heart failure (HF), the changes of contraction timing pattern and temporal heterogeneity of segmental contraction happen early and may precede both symptomatic HF and the ...decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In patients treated with anthracyclines, both symptomatic HF and the decrease of LVEF are detected once significant myocardial injury has occurred. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether changes in the timing of contraction can be detected early after anthracyclines therapy.
Forty-one women (50 ± 11 years old) with newly diagnosed breast cancer were prospectively enrolled in two centers and underwent an echocardiogram before and after anthracyclines. Peak longitudinal myocardial systolic strain was measured on the apical four- and two-chamber views. The time to peak systolic longitudinal strain (TP), ejection time (ET), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), systolic time, and diastolic time were measured using strain curves and Doppler tracings and compared before and after anthracyclines. The heterogeneity of contraction (dyssynchrony) was measured by the SD of the TP of all segments.
Anthracyclines treatment was associated with an increase in heart rate (HR) and a decrease in TP. TP was correlated with HR. TP/ET was independent of HR and inversely correlated to peak strain both at baseline and after anthracyclines. TP/ET increased after anthracyclines (1.26 ± 0.19 to 1.31 ± 0.22; P < .001), and this increase was correlated with the decrease in strain. The increase in TP/ET was due to an increase in IVCT/ET. A similar degree of dyssynchrony was found at baseline and after anthracyclines.
Anthracyclines treatment induces an increase in the duration of contraction, mainly by increasing the IVCT. This increase is correlated to the decrease in strain and may therefore have additional prognostic value.
This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and the water sorption/solubility of preheated single-bottle adhesive systems.
Five adhesive systems were tested: Adper Easy One and Adper Single ...Bond 2 (3M ESPE), Excite and Tetric N-Bond (Ivoclar/Vivadent), and XP Bond (Dentsply/Caulk). After storage for two hours at 25°C or 60°C, 50 samples (n=5) were prepared for all adhesive systems and stored dry in lightproof containers at 37°C for 24 hours. Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC, and water sorption/solubility was measured by means of mass loss and gain after water storage. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05).
Preheated adhesive systems showed statistically significantly higher DC than those kept at 25°C. Except for XP Bond, preheated adhesive systems presented statistically significantly lower water sorption/solubility means.
Preheating improved the DC for all tested adhesive systems. Also, it promoted a decrease of water sorption/solubility, except for the XP Bond adhesive system.
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of the phenothiazine nucleus (PHT) associated with mitochondrial membranes and liposomes were investigated. PHT exhibited hydrophobic interaction with lipid ...bilayers, as shown by the quenching of excited states of 1-palmitoyl-210-pyran-1-yl)-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (PPDPC) incorporated in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cardiolipin liposomes, observed even in high ionic strength; and by the spectral changes of PHT following the addition of mitochondrial membranes. Inserted into bilayers, 5 μM PHT was able to protect lipids and cytochrome c against pro-oxidant agents and exhibited spectral changes suggestive of oxidative modifications promoted by the trapping of the reactive species. In this regard, PHT exhibited the ability to scavenge DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical. PHT was also able to protect rat liver mitochondria against peroxide- and iron-induced oxidative damage and consequent swelling. At the concentration range in which the antioxidant properties were observed, PHT did not cause alterations in the membrane structure and function. This study contributes to the comprehension of the correlation structure and function of phenothiazines and antioxidant properties.
To compare the degree of conversion (DC), depth of polymerization (DP), shrinkage stress (SS), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), and bond strength (BS) of a low-viscosity bulk fill resin ...composite and a paste-like traditional composite.
Tetric Evo-Flow Bulk Fill (TBF) and Empress Direct (ED; Ivoclar Vivadent) composites were used. DC (%) and FS/EM (MPa/GPa) were evaluated in bar specimens (7×2×1 mm; n=10) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine (UTM), respectively. For DP and BS tests, conical cavities (n=10) were prepared in bovine dentin and restored with the composites. DP was analyzed by calculating the bottom-to-top surface microhardness ratio (BTHR), and BS (MPa) was determined by push-out testing in the UTM. SS (MPa) was measured for one increment of TBF and two increments of ED in a UTM attached to an extensometer (n=5). Data were analyzed using Student t-test and analysis of variance (α=0.05).
TBF presented higher values than ED for DC (85.7±6.6% vs 54.2±4.9%) and BS (0.95±0.70 MPa vs 0.35±0.15 MPa). TBF values were lower than ED values for FS (76.6±16.8 MPa vs 144.9±24.1 MPa) and maximum SS (0.77±0.07 MPa vs 1.07±0.15 MPa). TBF and ED values were similar for BTHR (0.83±0.16 vs 0.84±0.08) and EM (11.5±2.8 GPa vs 12.5±2.6 GPa).
The physical and mechanical properties of TBF, a bulk fill resin composite, were similar or superior to those of ED, a conventional composite, with the exception of FS measurements.
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