Data from developing countries on the rates of kidney disease are scarce. The study aimed to estimate population-based prevalence of self-reported kidney disease (SRKD) in Serbia, describe ...co-occurrence of chronic diseases/conditions/functional limitations in respondents with SRKD and explore association between SRKD and possible risk factors.
We performed a secondary analysis of 2013 National Health Survey data. Data on a total of 14,587 respondents aged 15 years or older were analyzed using means of descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and logistic regression analysis.
Out of all study respondents, 5.6% (95%CI 5.2-6.0) reported presence of kidney disease. Prevalence of all analyzed morbidities and functional limitations was higher in respondents with SRKD, and they had 8 times higher likelihood of being diagnosed with cirrhosis, 6.3 times higher likelihood of being diagnosed with urinary incontinence, more than 3 times higher likelihood of being diagnosed with degenerative disorder of bone and joint system. For cardiovascular diseases we obtained odds ratios (ORs) from 2.27 (95%CI 2.32-3.44) for heart attack to 2.95 (95%CI 2.43-3.57) for coronary heart disease. Number of co-occurrence patterns of kidney and other chronic diseases/conditions varied depending on inclusion of obesity in models. Logistic regression analysis showed that age explained most part of variability in the prevalence of SRKD and in the prevalence of two morbidities in respondents with SRKD, whereas the presence of three or more morbidities were associated with female gender, aging and low education level.
Our study provided evidence that the presence of kidney disease was significantly associated with socio-demographic, lifestyle characteristics and a number of morbidities in Serbia. There is a need for integrated care and public health interventions, tackling management of NCDs and their risk factors. Detailed well-designed studies, as part of cost-effective preventive approach, are needed for chronic kidney disease screening.
Effective reduction of cervical cancer incidence and mortality requires strategic measures encompassing the implementation of a cost-effective screening technology. Serbia has made significant ...strides, introducing organized cervical cancer screening in 2012. However, various impediments to screening implementation persist. The aim of the study was to estimate the socioeconomic factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women in Serbia.
Data from 2019 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia were used in this study. The study is cross sectional survey on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. Present total number of participants analyzed in survey 6,747.
In Serbia, 67.2% of women have done a Pap test at any time during their lives, of which 46.1% of women have undergone cervical cancer screening in the past 3 years. About a quarter of women have never undergone a Pap test in their life (24.3%). The probability of never having a Pap test have: the youngest age group (15-24 years) is 1.3 times more likely than the oldest age group (OR = 1.31), unmarried women 0.3 times more often than married women (OR = 0.37), respondents with basic education 0.9 times more often than married women (OR = 0.98), the women of lower socioeconomic status 0.5 times more often than respondents of high socioeconomic status (OR = 0.56).
Enhancement of the existing CCS would be the appropriate public health approach to decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the Republic of Serbia.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and engaging in multiple risk behaviours among adolescents in Republic of Serbia.
This ...study presents a cross sectional study of 683 adolescents aged 15 to 19 attending high school. The database from the 2006 National Health Survey was used. As a measure of demographic and socio-economic characteristics: age, type of settlement, family structure, having one's own room, school success and the household wealth index were used. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed.
Boys were more than twice as likely to engage in multiple risk behaviours than girls. Adolescents who were older (OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 3.21-10.54, boys; OR = 3.76, 95% CI =1.77-7.99, girls) and adolescents who achieved low or moderate (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.02-3.26, boys; OR = 3.36, 95% CI =1.51-7.44, girls) school success had significantly higher risk than younger ones and those with high school success. Also, boys who came from a richer class households (OR = 3.14, 95% CI =1.02-9.66) and girls from incomplete family (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 2.06-12.50) had higher risk than boys from the poorest households and girls from complete family.
Further preventive interventions in Serbia should be gender and age specific, oriented towards older adolescents, those who have low or moderate school success, boys from richer class households and girls who live in incomplete families.
Background: Approximately 2.3 million female breast cancer cases were identified globally in 2020, resulting in 685,000 fatalities among women. Serbia too experiences a high breast cancer burden. ...Effective reduction of breast cancer incidence and mortality necessitates strategic measures encompassing the implementation of cost-effective screening technology. However, various impediments to screening implementation persist. We aimed to estimate the impact of socioeconomic factors on breast cancer screening in Serbia. Methods: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia was. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study by design, on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. Data from women aged 15+ yr were used to examine the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with breast cancer screening inequalities. Results: In Serbia the age group of women who predominantly participated in organized breast cancer screening (39.5%) were the ones aged 65+ yr. Women with a secondary education were 2.1x more likely to undergo a screening exam voluntarily (57.5%), compared to women with a higher education background (26.6%). When considering marital and financial circumstances, married/unmarried women from an affluent financial category exhibited a notably higher frequency of self-initiating a mammography (73% and 48.5%) in comparison to those financially struggling (27.6%). Conclusion: Strong support is imperative for countries to establish prevention and early detection programs for cancer.
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexual habits, and behavior among students of medical and nonmedical students in Serbia.
The ...cross-sectional study of 1,273 university students of four undergraduate institutions in Serbia, two of medical and two of nonmedical orientation. A standardized questionnaire, prepared in line with the questionnaire of the European health research-the second wave (European Health Interview Survey-EHIS wave 2), according to defined internationally accepted indicators, was used as a survey instrument.
Statistically significant difference (
< 0.001) between medical and nonmedical student groups was determined for the following parameters: naming four of five STIs (29.1 vs. 13.4%), knowledge about vaccines against some STIs (26.0 vs. 17.0%), relationship between HPV infection and cervical malignancy (48.2 vs. 16.7%) engaged in the sexual relations (87.9 vs. 76.4%), never used a condom (15.2 vs. 10.4%), underwent gynecological or urological examination (66.7 vs. 44.1%), and tested to one of STIs (10.5 vs. 4.9%).
Both student groups have limited knowledge on possible consequences that risky sexual behavior has for reproductive health. Promotion of knowledge about STIs, awareness of all complications, and consequences of these infections certainly affect the reduction of risky behavior.
The pandemic of obesity in adolescents is one of the challenges of public health.
The aim of this study was to examine the association of overweight with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle ...factors among Serbian adolescents.
A cross-sectional study of 2139 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was carried out. Data used in this study were from the 2006 Health Survey. In accordance with the international sex- and age-specific Body Mass Index cut-off points, all participants were classified as being normal weight or overweight, including obese. The association between the risk factors and overweight were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.
The study showed that 28.9% of boys and 17.0% of girls were overweight, while 14.5% of boys and 8.1% of girls were obese. Boys were more likely to be overweight/obese, compared with girls. Being younger (p< 0.01 for 14 to 15 years) and (p< 0.01, for 16 to 19 years), engaging in physical activities that last less than 7 hours a week, in such a manner that they breathe quickly and become sweaty, (p< 0.01) and skipping breakfast (p< 0.05) were risk factors significantly associated with overweight among adolescents. No significant association was found with wealth index.
These findings should be an integral part of further preventive interventions, especially oriented towards younger adolescents, who are physically inactive, have a habit of skipping breakfast and are boys.
Introduction. The pandemic of obesity in adolescents is one of the challenges of public health.
Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the association of overweight with demographic, socioeconomic ...and lifestyle factors among Serbian adolescents.
Method. A cross-sectional study of 2139 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was carried out. Data used in this study were from the 2006 Health Survey. In accordance with the international sex- and age-specific Body Mass Index cut-off points, all participants were classified as being normal weight or overweight, including obese. The association between the risk factors and overweight were examined using a multivariate logistic regression model.
Results. The study showed that 28.9% of boys and 17.0% of girls were overweight, while 14.5% of boys and 8.1% of girls were obese. Boys were more likely to be overweight/obese, compared with girls. Being younger (p< 0.01 for 14 to 15 years) and (p< 0.01, for 16 to 19 years), engaging in physical activities that last less than 7 hours a week, in such a manner that they breathe quickly and become sweaty, (p< 0.01) and skipping breakfast (p< 0.05) were risk factors significantly associated with overweight among adolescents. No significant association was found with wealth index.
Conclusion. These findings should be an integral part of further preventive interventions, especially oriented towards younger adolescents, who are physically inactive, have a habit of skipping breakfast and are boys.
Namen. Pandemija debelosti pri mladostnikih predstavlja enega večjih izzivov za javno zdravje.
Cilj. Cilj te raziskave je bil preveriti povezanost prekomerne telesne teže med srbskimi mladostniki z demografskimi in s socialno-ekonomskimi dejavniki ter z dejavniki, ki so povezani z načinom življenja.
Metoda. Narejena je bila presečna študija z 2.139 mladostniki, ki so bili stari od 10 do 19 let. Za podatke v tej študiji so bile uporabljene vrednosti iz Health Survey 2006. Glede na mednarodno sprejete vrednosti indeksa telesne mase, povezane z odgovarjajočim spolom in starostjo, so bili vsi udeleženci uvrščeni v skupine z normalno težo, s prekomerno telesno težo in z debelostjo. Za ugotavljanje povezave med dejavniki tveganja in prekomerno telesno težo je bila uporabljena statistična metoda multivariantne logistične regresije.
Rezultati. Raziskava je pokazala, da je imelo 28,9% fantov in 17,0% deklet zvišano telesno težo, in sicer je bilo 14,5% fantov in 8,1% deklet debelih. V primerjavi z dekleti so bili fantje debelejši ali so imeli zvišano telesno težo. Za naslednje dejavnike tveganja smo ugotovili statistično pomembno povezavo s prekomerno telesno težo med mladostniki (starost 14-15 let (p<0,01) in 16-19 let (p<0,01)), ukvarjanje s telovadbo, ki povzroča hitro dihanje in potenje manj kot 7 ur dnevno(p< 0,01), ter vsakodnevno izogibanje zajtrku (p< 0,05). Na drugi strani ni statistično pomembne povezave med zvišano telesno težo/debelostjo in indeksom družinskega bogastva.
Zaključek. Ugotovitve naše študije bi lahko imele vpliv na preventivne ukrepe, ki bi bili posebej usmerjeni v mladostnike moškega spola, ki ne zajtrkujejo in se ne ukvarjajo z redno telesno aktivnostjo.
Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of accredited education on the topic of gender-based violence to health care professionals, health and professional associates in the ...Republic of Serbia. Methods. A search of a database of accredited continuing education programs published on the website of the Health Council of the Republic of Serbia for the period between January 2010 and July 2019. identified programs using the keywords "violence", "family" "gender-based". The ch2 test was used to examine the differences between the independent variables versus the dependent variable. Results. This study showed that two thirds of the training was intended for health care professionals, only while health care workers, health and professional associates were allocated for every seventh education. If the type of institution is observed, it can be noticed that twice as many programs are accredited by civil society organizations in relation to the number of programs accredited by health institutions. Considering the time period in which the programs are accredited, a trend of increasing number of programs can be observed. Among the accredited programs, national courses accounted for 42.6% of the accredited programs while every other program was free. There is a statistically significant difference between educations organized by different types of institutions in relation to the type and cost of education. Conclusion. Although in the observed period there is an increasing trend in the number of accredited programs dealing with gender-based violence, there is still room to improve the quality of continuing education in terms of increasing the number of trainings with an interactive method of work, trainings aimed at different profiles of health professionals and health and professional associates, as well as free on line trainings.
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