The study focuses on the effects of azithromycin on severity of ischemia/reperfusion myocardial injury during simulated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in primary visceral obesity ...(PVO). Total ischemia/reperfusion was modeled by Langendorff perfusion of isolated heart with following estimation of the size of myocardial infarction. SIRS was accompanied by an increase in blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and LPS. Combination of PVO and SIRS produced no significant changes in the infarct size compared to the control. Administration of azithromycin to rats with PVO and SIRS resulted in pronounced alterations of biochemical and immunological parameters, although it did not affect the infarct size. In contrast, the use of tetracycline increased the size of myocardial infarction. This phenomenon should be taken into consideration in antimicrobial therapy.
Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of various probiotic strains in metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, immune system pathology. The effects ...of probiotics on cardiovascular dysfunction are less well known. The development and validation of a new experimental model in rats, including obesity, acute colon inflammation and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, with common characteristics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), became the basis for investigating the effects of probiotic drugs on myocardial resistance to ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) using an in vivo model of infarction after coronary occlusion. A 24% increase in myocardial infarction compared to intact animals (
p
< 0.05) and significant changes in leukogram, biochemical and immunological parameters were found in Wistar rats with SIRS modelling. Introduction of a mixture of strains of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
(LA-5) and
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
(BB-12) to animals with SIRS reduced infarct size to a value close to the control. Rats treated with LA-5 and BB-12 also showed normalization of the leukocyte count, bile acids, transforming growth factor-β, interleukins: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in blood in comparison with the SIRS group and with the groups treated with other probiotic strains. The obtained data convincingly show the prospects for further study of the cardiotropic potential of probiotic microorganisms in translational studies.
We studied the influence of recombinant IL-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the size of the myocardial necrosis zone of rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A ...significant increase in the necrosis zone and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines was revealed in animals with SIRS in comparison with the control. The administration of IL-2 to animals with SIRS significantly reduced the size of the necrosis zone, which was paralleled by a pronounced increase in IL-2 and BDNF in comparison with the corresponding parameters in rats with SIRS that did not receive IL-2. Administration of BDNF to animals with SIRS was followed by normalization of TNFα and IL-1α levels, but did not lead to a decrease in the size of the necrosis zone.
We studied the effect of combined antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin on the severity of ischemia/reperfusion myocardial injury in Wistar rats with alimentary ...obesity and acute inflammation of the large intestine. General ischemia/reperfusion was reproduced on Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts and infarct size was estimated. Acute inflammation of the large intestine was accompanied by an increase in the blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The presence of obesity and acute inflammation of the large intestine did not significantly affect the infarct size in comparison with the control. Administration of antimicrobial drugs to animals with obesity and acute inflammation of the large intestine led to a significant increase in the infarct size, which should be considered when prescribing antimicrobial therapy to patients with comorbidity.
Aim:
to study myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion and behavioural responses taking into account sex differences in rats in an experimental model of obesity and systemic inflammatory ...response syndrome (SIRS).
Materials and methods
: experiments were performed on male and female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats at the age of three months with primary visceral obesity (PVO). SIRS was modelled by a single rectal injection of acetic acid, followed by intragastrical administration of the antimicrobial drugs mixture (AMP) for 3 days. The other group of rats was treated orally with a mixture of probiotic strains
Lactobacillus acidophilus
(LA-5) and
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
(BB-12), at a CFU concentration of 10
8
per animal for 8 days after the simulation of SIRS. Behavioural tests “open field” (OFT), “elevated plus maze” (EPM), “light–dark box” (LDB) were performed alternately before the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, leptin, lipopolysaccharide, transforming growth factor-β and brain neurotrophic factor in the blood were assessed, hemodynamic parameters and myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion were studied on an isolated heart model.
Results:
a higher food intake per 1 g of body mass and more pronounced thrombocytosis and granulocytosis were observed in the group of female rats, as compared to males after the SIRS modelling. Female rats had higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, interleukin-2, and lipopolysaccharide than males, as well as lower levels of transforming growth factor-β. In male rats, probiotic modulation of orientation and exploratory behaviour and anxiety was observed whereas in female rats the rate of conditioned reflexes formation was corrected by probiotics. There were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters, as well as in the size of the infarction between the studied groups.
Conclusion:
the data obtained indicate a significant role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of SIRS, as well as a different response of females and males to probiotic therapy. The results generally show a higher intensity of compensatory-adaptive reactions and a greater efficiency of probiotic correction of SIRS in female rats compared to males. At the same time, the size of the infarction did not differ between females and males.
Within the concept of a gut–heart microbiome axis, new works are emerging to support the efficacy of probiotic strains to increase myocardial resistance to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in ...polymorbidity. The question remains open whether the presence of live probiotic bacteria is a prerequisite for the implementation of their cardioprotective effect. This work was aimed to determine the manifestation of the cardioprotective effect of live and pasteurized
Lactobacillus acidophilus
(LA-5) and
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
(BB-12) probiotic strains in rats with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Myocardial resistance to IRI was assessed using an in vivo model of left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion–reperfusion. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats with an improved conventional status with visceral obesity, chemically induced colitis, and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis, which co-provided SIRS formation against the background of oral administration of live or inactivated probiotic bacteria. Infarct size in the group with a SIRS model (SIRS group) was significantly larger than in the control group 43% (39; 44) vs. 31% (28; 35) (
p
< 0.05). In the SIRS group administered with inactivated probiotic bacteria, infarct size did not differ from that in the SIRS group and was significantly higher than in the control 45% (37; 48) (
p
< 0.05). At the same time, infarct size in the group administered with live probiotics did not differ from that in the control group 32% (28; 37). Conclusions: (1) live and inactivated probiotic strains of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
and
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
exert different effects on rats with SIRS, (2) cardioprotective effect is only provided by live lacto- and bifidobacteria in animals with SIRS.
Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) provide a versatile platform for ultrasensitive, fast, and reliable detection of biological molecules in liquid media using low-cost ...bioelectronic sensors. The key functional layers of the EGOFETs include the semiconductor and biorecognition layers based on conjugated organic molecules, which must meet high requirements for the operational stability in various electrolytes when detecting analytes. In this work, EGOFETs based on 2,6-dioctyltetrathienoacene as the semiconductor material were fabricated by the doctor blade method compatible with printing technologies. We also report on EGOFETs with the biorecognition layer based on a biotin-containing derivative of 1benzothieno3,2-
b
benzothiophene, which was applied by the Langmuir—Schaeffer method. The possibility of stable operation of the fabricated EGOFETs in various electrolytes and their sensor responses to the electrolyte pH value and streptavidin are demonstrated.
Unoccupied electronic states in the energy range from 5 to 20 eV above the Fermi level have been studied in ultrathin films of dimethyl-substituted thiophene–phenylene cooligomers CH
3
...-phenylene–thiophene–thiophene–phenylene–CH
3
(CH
3
–PTTP–CH
3
) on polycrystalline gold surfaces of two types: the ex situ Au layer thermally deposited in a special chamber and the in situ Au surface prepared inside an analytical chamber. The film structure is studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The formation of a superposition of the amorphous phase and the crystalline phase with period 3.8 nm is discussed. The energy positions of the maxima of the unoccupied electronic states and the character of formation of the boundary potential barrier have been studied by the total current spectroscopy (TCS). The structures of the FSTCS maxima of the 5–7-nm-thick CH
3
–PTTP–CH
3
films are not different when using various types of Au substrates and the ZnO semiconductor surface prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). As a CH
3
–PTTP–CH
3
layer is deposited on the ex situ Au and in situ Au surfaces, the electron work function increases insignificantly (by ~0.1 eV) as the coating thickness increases to 5–7 nm. At such thicknesses of the CH
3
–PTTP–CH
3
films, the electron work function is 4.7 ± 0.1 eV in the case of the ex situ Au substrate and 4.9 ± 0.1 eV in the case of the in situ Au substrate. A possible influence of the processes of physicochemical interaction at the boundary between the film and the substrate on the formation of the boundary potential barrier in the structures under study is discussed.
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