Dynamic 3D echocardiography in virtual reality van den Bosch, Annemien E; Koning, Anton H J; Meijboom, Folkert J ...
Cardiovascular ultrasound,
12/2005, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This pilot study was performed to evaluate whether virtual reality is applicable for three-dimensional echocardiography and if three-dimensional echocardiographic 'holograms' have the potential to ...become a clinically useful tool.
Three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets from 2 normal subjects and from 4 patients with a mitral valve pathological condition were included in the study. The three-dimensional data sets were acquired with the Philips Sonos 7500 echo-system and transferred to the BARCO (Barco N.V., Kortrijk, Belgium) I-space. Ten independent observers assessed the 6 three-dimensional data sets with and without mitral valve pathology. After 10 minutes' instruction in the I-Space, all of the observers could use the virtual pointer that is necessary to create cut planes in the hologram.
The 10 independent observers correctly assessed the normal and pathological mitral valve in the holograms (analysis time approximately 10 minutes).
this report shows that dynamic holographic imaging of three-dimensional echocardiographic data is feasible. However, the applicability and use-fullness of this technology in clinical practice is still limited.
Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of transthoracic two‐dimensional (2D)
iR
otate, a new echo modality, to assess the whole right ventricle (
RV
) from a single transducer ...position based on anatomic landmarks.
Methods and Results
The anatomic landmarks were first defined based on three‐dimensional echocardiographic datasets using multiplane reconstruction analyses. Thereafter, we included 120 healthy subjects (51% male, age range 21–67 years). Using 2D
iR
otate, four views of the
RV
could be acquired based on these landmarks. The anterior, lateral, inferior wall (divided into three segments: basal–mid–apical), and right ventricular outflow tract (
RVOT
) anterior wall of the
RV
were determined. The feasibility of visualization of
RV
segments and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (
TAPSE
) and tissue Doppler imaging (
TDI
) measurements were assessed. To evaluate this model for diseased
RV
s, a small pilot study of 20 patients was performed. In 98% of healthy subjects and 100% of patients,
iR
otate mode was feasible to assess the
RV
from one single transducer position. In total, 86% and 95%, respectively, of the
RV
segments could be visualized. The visualization of the
RVOT
anterior wall was worse 23% and 75%, respectively.
TAPSE
and
TDI
measurements on all four views were feasible 93% and 92%, respectively, of the healthy subjects and in 100% of the patients.
Conclusion
With 2D
iR
otate, a comprehensive evaluation of the entire normal and diseased
RV
is feasible from a fixed transducer position based on anatomic landmarks. This is less time‐consuming than the multiview approach and enhances accuracy of
RV
evaluation. Imaging of the
RVOT
segment remains challenging.
Abstract
Aims
Advanced transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using volumetric and deformational indices provides detailed quantification of right ventricular (RV) function in adults with congenital ...heart disease (ACHD). Two-dimensional multi-plane echocardiography (2D-MPE) has demonstrated regional wall differences in RV longitudinal strain (LS). This study aims to evaluate the association of these parameters with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).
Methods and results
One-hundred stable ACHD patients with primarily affected RVs were included (age 50 ± 5 years; 53% male). Conventional and advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were compared with CMR-derived RV function. Advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters were measurable in approximately one-half of the study cohort, while multi-wall LS assessment feasibility was lower. CMR RV ejection fraction (CMR-RVEF) was moderately correlated with deformational, area, and volumetric parameters RV global LS (lateral wall and septum), n = 55: r = −0.62, P < 0.001; RV wall average LS, n = 34: r = −0.49, P = 0.002; RV lateral wall LS, n = 56: r = −0.45, P < 0.001; fractional area change, n = 67: r = 0.48, P < 0.001; 3D-RVEF, n = 48: r = 0.40, P = 0.005. Conventional measurements such as TAPSE and RV S′ correlated poorly. RV global LS best identified CMR-RVEF < 45% (area under the curve: 0.84, P < 0.001: cut-off value −19%: sensitivity 100%, specificity 57%). RVEF and LS values were significantly higher when measured by CMR compared with TTE (mean difference RVEF: 5 −9 to 18 %; lateral (free) wall LS: −7 7 to −21 %; RV global LS: −6 5 to −16 %) while there was no association between respective LS values.
Conclusion
In ACHD patients, advanced echocardiographic RV functional parameters are moderately correlated with CMR-RVEF, although significant differences exist between indices measurable by both modalities.
Language resources, by their very nature, serve as a repository of linguistic knowledge. They are therefore essential in the building and improvement of natural language applications. The aim of this ...paper is to elaborate on the practice and the experience gained in the development, maintenance and management of such resources with specific reference to African languages. The focus is on the methods of collection and the formats concerning word lists, morphological analysis and lemma lists. The resources discussed, are those developed in collaborative research with North-West University's Spelling Checker Project. As a broader perspective, the reusability of such resources is highlighted. Recommendations are also made regarding the way forward nationally in developing a resource centre to facilitate the technological development of South African Bantu languages.
There is an essential importance of non-invasive imaging methods for evaluation of cardiac patients. Theoretically, the heart can be examined exactly, if due to its nature assessed in three ...dimensions (3D) concerning the heart cycle. In recent studies it has been confirmed that the second-generation real-time three-dimensional echocardiography offers optimal opportunity for three-dimensional evaluation of cardiac structures. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is a valuable tool for exact evaluation of ventricular and atrial volumes and ventricular masses. Valves and congenital abnormalities can be analysed 'en-face' with this new methodology. The usefulness of this method with stress protocols has been confirmed. The aim of the present review is to demonstrate advantages of this new promising method showing recent technological limitations as well.
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