The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a membrane hybrid process for the treatment of real textile wastewater (TWW) and its potential reuse in the dyeing of cotton knitted fabric ...(DCF) process. To determine a suitable pretreatment, sand filtration, coagulation, and UF hollow fiber (UF–HF) were compared on a laboratory scale in terms of turbidity, color, and total organic carbon (TOC). Here, UF-HF provided the best removal results of 93.6%, 99.0%, and 29.0%, respectively. The second stage involves the study of UF flat sheet membranes (5, 10, 20, and 50 kDa). The 5 kDa membrane provided the best permeate quality according to the chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, TOC, conductivity, and color by 54.5%, 83.9%, 94.2%, and 45.7–83.3%, respectively. The final step was treatment with nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) and these effluents were reused for dyeing. Finally, the effluents from UF-HF/5 kDa UF/RO (Scenario 1) and UF-HF/5 kDa UF/NF (Scenario 2) were analyzed for turbidity, COD, TOC, biological oxygen demand, conductivity, hardness, anions and cations, and color. Both scenarios provided high removal results of 76.3–83.5%, 94.6–97.7%, 88.5–99%, 95.4–98.0%, 59.2–99.0%, 88.7–98.7%, 60.7–99.1%, and 80.0–100%, respectively. They also satisfied the DCF tests compared to the standard DCF samples. The innovative aspect of this research is as follows: 1) the complete analysis of hybrid membrane separation processes for the purpose of reuse of treated textile wastewater and 2) the proposal of a new criterion for reuse for DCF.
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•Usefulness of hybrid membrane process for reuse in textile dyeing was established.•ZW-1/5 kDa UF/NF–RO showed removal efficiencies of monitored parameters of 59–100%.•High color fastness of dyed textile with ZW-1/5 kDa UF/NF permeate was achieved.•New reuse criteria for dyeing cotton knitted fabric were proposed.•Treatment ZW-1/5 kDa UF/NF shows the better economic efficiency of 395.656,00 €.
Systematization and analysis of standalone waste materials that can serve as phase change materials (PCMs), and composites consisting of commercially available PCMs combined with organic and ...inorganic waste materials is presented. Within the conducted review research, obtained thermal properties of so far investigated waste-derived PCMs were presented, assessing, among other, their latent heat storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal and cyclic stability. Refined coconut oil and Allanblackia oil exhibited exceptional thermal and cyclic stability along with high values of latent heat, amounting 105 kJ kg−1 and 81 kJ kg−1, respectively. In some cases incorporation of waste materials significantly improved thermal properties, e.g. the addition of carbonized waste tire rubber to dodecyl alcohol increased its thermal conductivity to 0.431 W m−1K−1, representing an increase by a factor of 2.3. This enhancement led to a 17.2 % reduction in heating times and a 20 % reduction in cooling times compared to using pure PCM. Besides providing extensive data on thermophysical properties of phase change composites, the study provides a comprehensive overview of their applications, economic feasibility, and environmental implications. This extensive review shows the potential of waste-derived PCMs to contribute to a circular economy by repurposing waste materials for sustainable energy solutions and reducing environmental impacts. The findings indicate that while valorising wastes or by-products as latent thermal energy storage materials is feasible, more research efforts are required towards potential commercialization.
•Valorisation of waste materials for LTES (Latent Thermal Energy Storage) applications.•Categorized and analysed applications of waste in LTES systems.•Summarized thermal properties of waste-based phase change materials (PCMs).•Economic and environmental aspects of waste-based PCM discussed.•Future directions for usage of waste-based PCMs in LTES elaborated.
This paper reports an experimental investigation of the thermal properties of frozen tap, demineralized, and sea water. The presented research assists in a better understanding of the thermal ...properties of ice and the processes within it and contributes regarding the generation of novel experimental data. The thermal conductivity was measured in a range from −14 °C to −33 °C using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method. Ice blocks were placed in an expanded polystyrene box in the freezer, which is where the measurements took place. The thermal conductivity of the tap water ice was observed to vary in a range from 1.915 ± 0.005 Wm−1K−1 at −14 °C to 2.060 ± 0.004 Wm−1K−1 at −33 °C. The values obtained for the ice made of demineralized water differed by less than 10%. The thermal conductivity of the sea ice was shown to be more temperature dependent, with the values ranging from 1.262 ± 0.005 Wm−1K−1 at −14 °C to 1.970 Wm−1K−1 ± 0.004 at −33 °C. A noticeable fall in the thermal conductivity of the sea ice was observed in the temperature range from −26 °C to −19 °C. A possible reason for this could be the increased precipitation of salt in that temperature range. Measurements of thermal diffusivity displayed similar trends as those of thermal conductivity. Specific volumetric heat capacity was indirectly calculated.
Recent transcranial sonography (TCS) studies showed that disruption of echogenic midbrain line, corresponding to basal limbic system and raphe nuclei (RN) within, might represent functional marker ...for the development of depression. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders associated with suicidal ideation. We initiated this study to assess the usefulness of TCS recording in a group of MDD patients and in MDD patients who also reported suicidal ideation, on the assumption that TCS might serve as a screening method for differentiating patients at risk of suicide. Altogether 71 subjects: 17 patients with MDD, 14 patients with MDD who also reported suicidal ideation and 40 healthy controls, were studied using TCS by two independent physicians. Reduced raphe echogenicity was found in 8 of 17 (47%) of the patients with MDD but only in 6 of 40 (15%) controls. In patients with suicidal ideations that finding was even more pronounced (12 of 14, 86%) with the highest frequency of completely not visible TCS RN finding (10 of 14, 72%). Data showed that altered echogenicity of the RN is frequent in patients with suicidal ideation. Normal RN echogenicity in MDD patients was associated with less severe depressive symptoms and rarely with the presence of suicidal ideations. As far as we know, these are the first ever obtained results which show that TCS might help differentiating MDD patients with suicidal risk or eventually predict good disease recovery based on the findings of RN hypo- or normoechogenicity.
Myocardial bridging (MB) is defined as a coronary artery that tunnels through the myocardium, under the overlying muscle bridge. It almost exclusively affects the left anterior descending artery ...(LAD), especially the middle part (midLAD).
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a genetic disorder of the cholesterol metabolic pathway, most often associated with variants in the CYP27A1 gene. The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism ...results in the accumulation of metabolites such as cholestanol, which has a predilection for neuronal tissue and tendons. The condition is treatable with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which halts the production of these metabolites. We present two adult brothers, without diagnosis, suffering from ataxia, general muscle weakness and cognitive deficits. Both brothers suffered from early onset cataracts, watery stools and thoracic kyphoscoliosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense alterations in the central nervous system and intratendinous xanthomas in the Achilles tendons. A biochemical analysis showed elevated levels of cholestanol, lathosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Their family history was negative for neurological and metabolic disorders. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic
variant (c.1184+1G>A) in both brothers, confirming the diagnosis. The patients were started on CDCA therapy and have shown significant improvement at their follow-up examinations. Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in CTX patients is of great importance, as the significant reversal of disease progression can be achieved. For this reason, clinical genetic testing is necessary when it comes to patients with an onset of cataracts, chronic diarrhea, and neurological symptoms in early childhood.
The design of suitable thermophysical properties of reinforced ice as well as employing the novel material in feasible ways represent key aspects towards alternative building sustainability. In this ...overview research studies dealing with reinforced ice structures have been presented with an emphasis on construction parameters and reinforcement materials of the structures. The main focus of the study is directed to the identification of the main issues related to the construction of reinforced ice structures as well as the environmental and economic impact of such structures. Obtained research data shows that the compressive, tensile, and bending strength of reinforced ice can be increased up to 6 times compared to plain ice. The application of reinforcement materials decreases creep rate, enhances ductility, and reduces brittle behaviour of ice. Assessed reinforced ice structures were mainly found to be environmentally friendly and economically viable. However, in most of the analysed studies construction parameters and physical properties were not defined precisely. The conducted overview indicates the necessity for more comprehensive and more accurate data regarding reinforced ice construction, applied methods, and processes, and preparation of ice composites in general.
Epilepsy in patients with pineal gland cyst Bosnjak, Jelena; Butkovic, Silva Soldo; Miskov, Snjezana ...
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery,
02/2018, Letnik:
165
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Patients with PGC can present with: complex partial, GTCS and absance seizures.•There is no difference in PGC volume between epilepsy and control group.•There is no difference in PGC compression ...between epilepsy and control group.•During the follow up period 79.31% patients with epilepsy were seizure free.
The aim of the study is to describe types of epileptic seizures in patients with pineal gland cyst (PGC) and their outcome during follow up period (6–10 years). We wanted to determine whether patients with epilepsy differ in PGC volume and compression of the PGC on surrounding brain structures compared to patients with PGC, without epilepsy.
We analyzed prospectivelly 92 patients with PGC detected on magnetic resonance (MR) of the brain due to various neurological symptoms during the period 2006–2010. Data on described compression of the PGC on surrounding brain structures and size of the PGC were collected.
29 patients (16 women, 13 men), mean age 21.17 years had epilepsy and PGC (epilepsy group). 63 patients (44 women, 19 men), mean age 26.97 years had PGC without epilepsy (control group). Complex partial seizures were present in 8 patients, complex partial seizures with secondary generalization in 8 patients, generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) in 10 and absance seizures in 3 patients. Mean PGC volume in epilepsy group was 855.93 mm3, in control group 651.59 mm3. There was no statistically significant difference between epilepsy and control group in PGC volume. Compression of PGC on surrounding brain structures was found in 3/29 patients (10.34%) in epilepsy group and in 11/63 patients (17.46%) in control group with no statistically significant difference between epilepsy and control group. All patients with epilepsy were put on antiepileptic therapy (AET). During the follow up period, 23 patients (79.31%) were seizure free, 3 patients (13.04%) had reduction in seizure frequency, whereas 3 patients had no improvement in seizure frequency. Two patients from epilepsy group and 3 patients from control group were operated with histologically confirmed diagnosis of PGC in 4, and pinealocytoma in 1 patient.
In patients with PGC, epileptic seizures were classified as: complex partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization), GTCS and absance seizures. All patients were put on AET. During follow up period 79.31% patients were seizure free. There was no difference in PGC volume, nor in described compression of the PGC on surrounding brain structures between epilepsy and control group. Based on our findings, pathomechanism of epileptic seizures in patients with PGC cannot be attributable solely to PGC volume or described compression on surrounding brain structures based on MRI findings.
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